The aim of review

gastro-j

Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии

Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology

1382-43762658-6673

«Gastro» LLC

gastro-j-1019

Research Article

НОВОСТИ КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГИИ

NEWS OF COLOPROCTOLOGY

Исторические аспекты и современное хирургическое лечение больных с недостаточностью анального сфинктера

Historical aspects and modern surgical approach of patients with anal sphincter incompetence

Фролов

С. А.

Frolov

C. A.

Титов

А. Ю.

Titov

A. Yu.

Полетов

Н. Н.

Poletov

N. N.

Аносов

И. С.

Anosov

I. S.

Аносов Иван Сергеевич — клинический аспирант отдела общей и реконструктивной колопроктологии

123423, Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д.2

Anosov Ivan S — post-graduate student, department of general and reconstructive coloproctology

123423, Moscow, Salyam-Adilya street, 2

ivaansv@rambler.ru

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих» Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal government-financed institution «State Scientific Center of Coloproctology», Ministry of healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation

2015

18072015

2537884

2015

Фролов С.А., Титов А.Ю., Полетов Н.Н., Аносов И.С.

Frolov C.A., Titov A.Y., Poletov N.N., Anosov I.S.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1019

Цель обзора. Определение оптимального хирургического метода лечения органической недостаточности анального сфинктера (НАС).Основные положения. В данном литературном обзоре рассматривается актуальность проблемы недержания кишечного содержимого, а также история развития оперативных методов лечения анальной инконтиненции, их преимущества и недостатки. Многообразие применяемых в мировой практике операций является свидетельством того, что до настоящего времени нет четкого мнения о том, какое оперативное вмешательство предпочтительнее и приводит к наилучшим результатам.Результаты. В ходе исследования мы использовали как фундаментальные материалы по рассматриваемой тематике, так и наиболее современные работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, изучавших результаты применения различных хирургических методик коррекции анальной инконтиненции. Проведен анализ эффективности предлагавшихся оперативных вмешательств, а также сравнительный анализ как ранних, так и поздних послеоперационных осложнений.Заключение. Лечение пациентов с НАС представляет крайне сложную проблему, оптимального решения которой до сих пор не предложено, что требует дальнейшей разработки и внедрения новых эффективных методов хирургического лечения.

The aim of review

The aim of review. Assessment of optimum surgical method for organic incompetence of anal sphincter (US).

Summary

Summary. Review of literature demonstrates significance of fecal incontinence issue, as well as the history of operative treatment of anal incontinence, its advantage and shortcomings. The variety of surgical methods used in global practice reflects absence of clear concept of preferable and most effective surgical intervention.

Results

Results. Both fundamental and modern data of Russian and foreign studies on application of various surgical techniques for anal incontinence were used at review. The analysis of efficacy of proposed surgical interventions as well as comparative analysis of both early and late postoperative complications was carried out.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Treatment of anal incontinence is significant challenge with no established optimal tactics, that requires further development and introduction of new effective methods of surgical treatment.

недостаточность анального сфинктераграцилопластика

anal sphincter incompetencegraciloplasty

References1

Шелыгин Ю.А., Благодарный Л.А. Справочник по колопроктологии. М.: Литтерра 2012.

Tjandra J.J., Dykes S.L., Kumar R.R., et al. Practice parameters for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50:1497-507.

Whitehead W.E., Wald A., Norton N.J. Treatment options for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:131-42; discussion 142.

Laalim S.A., Hrora A., Raiss M., et al. Direct sphincter repair: techniques, indications and results. Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14:11.

Ditah I., Devaki P. , Luma H.N., et al. Prevalence, trends, and risk factors for fecal incontinence in United States adults, 2005-2010. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013.

Филлипс Робин К.С. Колоректальная хирургия. М.: Бином, 2011.

Costilla V.C., Foxx-Orenstein A.E., Mayer A.P. , Crowell M.D. Office-based management of fecal incontinence. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2013; 9:423-433.

Ривкин В.Л. Амбулаторная колопроктология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2009.

Ривкин В.Л., Капуллер Л.Л., Белоусова Е. Колопроктология. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2011.

Ривкин В.Л., Файн С.А., Бронштейн А. и др. Руководство по колопроктологии. М.: Медпрактика, 2004:96-136.

Dunivan G.C., Heymen S., Palsson O.S., et al. Fecal incontinence in primary care: prevalence, diagnosis, and health care utilization. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:493, 491-6.

Xu X., Menees S.B., Zochowski M.K., Fenner D.E. Economic cost of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55:586-98.

Федоров В., Дульцев Ю. Проктология. М.: Медицина, 1984:190-7.

Soerensen M.M., Buntzen S., Bek K.M., Laurberg S. Complete obstetric anal sphincter tear and risk of longterm fecal incontinence: a cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56:992-1001.

Huebner M., Gramlich N.K., Rothmund R., et al. Fecal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injuries. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013; 121:74-77.

Macarthur C., Wilson D., Herbison P. , et al. Faecal incontinence persisting after childbirth: a 12 year longitudinal study. Bjog 2013; 120:169-78; discussion 178.

Evers E.C., Blomquist J.L., McDermott K.C., Handa V.L. Obstetrical anal sphincter laceration and anal incontinence 5-10 years after childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:425, 421-6.

Bharucha A.E., Fletcher J.G., Melton L.J. 3rd, Zinsmeister A.R. Obstetric trauma, pelvic floor injury and fecal incontinence: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107:902-11.

Cotterill N., Norton C., Avery K.N., et al. Psychometric evaluation of a new patient-completed questionnaire for evaluating anal incontinence symptoms and impact on quality of life: the ICIQ-B. Dis Colon Rectum 2011; 54:1235-50.

Воробьев Г.И. Основы колопроктологии. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2006:86-94.

Zahumensky J. Severe obstetrical injuries and anal incontinence. Ceska Gynekol 2010; 75:292-6.

Kumar R., Ooi C., Nicoll A. Anal incontinence and quality of life following obstetric anal sphincter injury. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:591-7.

Hayden D.M., Weiss E.G. Fecal incontinence: etiology, evaluation, and treatment. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2011; 24:64-70.

Кайзер М. Колоректальная хирургия. М.: Бином, 2011.

Алиев Э. Причины возникновения недостаточности анального сфинктера после операций на дистальном отделе прямой кишки. Проблемы колопроктологии 2000; 25-7.

Shelygin Yu.A., Zharkov E.E., Orlova L.P. , et al. Long-term results of excision of anal fissure in combination with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2005; 33-9.

Алиев Э. Лечение послеоперационной недостаточности анального сфинктера. Международный мед журн 2011.

Ан В.К., Ривкин В.Л., Соломка А. Опасности, осложнения и ошибки в проктологии. М.: Бином, 2011.

Lim C.H., Shin H.K., Kang W.H., et al. The use of a staged drainage seton for the treatment of anal fistulae or fistulous abscesses. J Korean Soc Coloproctol 2012; 28:309-14.

Дульцев Ю., Саламов К. Анальное недержание. М.: Медицина, 1993.

Аминев А.М. Руководство по проктологии. Куйбышев: Куйбышевское кн. изд-во, 1971.

Peterman A., Johnson K. Incontinence and trauma: sexual violence, female genital cutting and proxy measures of gynecological fistula. Soc Sci Med 2009; 68:971-9.

Schmiedeke E., Zwink N., Schwarzer N., et al. Unexpected results of a nationwide, treatment-independent assessment of fecal incontinence in patients with anorectal anomalies. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:825-30.

Ochi T., Okazaki T., Miyano G., et al. A comparison of clinical protocols for assessing postoperative fecal continence in anorectal malformation. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:1-4.

Саламов К., Дульцев Ю. Аноректальные аномалии у взрослых. М.: Медицина, 1998.

Bondurri A., Zbar A.P. , Tapia H., et al. The relationship between etiology, symptom severity and indications of surgery in cases of anal incontinence: a 25-year analysis of 1,046 patients at a tertiary coloproctology practice. Tech Coloproctol 2011; 15:159-64.

Iwai N., Fumino S. Surgical treatment of anorectal malformations. Surg Today 2013; 43:955-62.

Brown S.R., Wadhawan H., Nelson R.L. Surgery for faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 7: Cd001757.

Wexner S.D., Baeten C., Bailey R., et al. Long-term efficacy of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45:809-18.

Rullier E., Zerbib F., Laurent C., et al. Morbidity and functional outcome after double dynamic graciloplasty for anorectal reconstruction. Br J Surg 2000; 87:909-13.

Федоров В.Д., Дульцев Ю.В., Тупикова А.П. Хирургическая коррекция в проктологии. Мед газета

; 3.

Devesa J.M. Modified perineal incisions in graciloplasty for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45:703-704. Tech Coloproctol 2004; 8:129; discussion 129.

El-Gazzaz G., Zutshi M., Hannaway C., et al. Overlapping sphincter repair: does age matter? Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55:256-61.

Lehto K., Hyoty M., Collin P. , et al. Seven-year followup after anterior sphincter reconstruction for faecal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:653-8.

Norderval S., Oian P. , Revhaug A., Vonen B. Anal incontinence after obstetric sphincter tears: outcome of anatomic primary repairs. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48:1055-61.

Pinta T., Kylanpaa-Back M.L., Salmi T., et al. Delayed sphincter repair for obstetric ruptures: analysis of failure. Colorectal Dis 2003; 5:73-8.

Tjandra J.J., Han W.R., Goh J., et al. Direct repair vs. overlapping sphincter repair: a randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2003; 46:937-42; discussion 942.

Warner M.W., Jones O.M., Lindsey I., et al. Long-term follow-up after anterior sphincter repair: influence of age on functional outcome. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:1380-8.

Glasgow S.C., Lowry A.C. Long-term outcomes of anal sphincter repair for fecal incontinence: a systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 2012; 55:482-90.

Musaev Kh.N., Mamedov M.M., Alieva E.M. New methods of surgical correction of the puerperal anal sphincter insufficiency. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2010; 77-81.

Harewood G.C., Coulie B., Camilleri M., et al. Descending perineum syndrome: audit of clinical and laboratory features and outcome of pelvic floor retraining. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:126-30.

Aliev E.A. Surgical treatment of anal sphincter insufficiency using the flaps of the gluteus maximus muscle. Klin Khir 2010; 46-9.

Kong F Fau — Li F., Li F Fau — Liu J., Liu J Fau — Chen Y., et al. Gluteus maximus transplantation for fecal incontinence after surgery of high anal atresia. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012; 26:571-5.

Puerta Diaz J.D., Castano Llano R., Lombana L.J., et al. Use of the gluteus maximus muscle as the neosphincter for restoration of anal function after abdominoperineal resection. Tech Coloproctol 2013; 17:425-9.

Dev Vr Fau — Gupta A., Gupta A. Plastic and reconstructive surgery approaches in the management of anal cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2004;13:339-53.

Serra F., Aboudib J.H., Cedrola J.P. , de Castro C.C. Gluteoplasty: anatomic basis and technique. Aesthet Surg J 2010; 30:579-92.

Grano C., Aminoff D., Lucidi F., Violani C. Long-term disease-specific quality of life in adult anorectal malformation patients. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46:691-8.

Madoff R.D., Rosen H.R., Baeten C.G., et al. Safety and efficacy of dynamic muscle plasty for anal incontinence: lessons from a prospective, multicenter trial. Gastroenterology 1999; 116:549-56.

Abercrombie J., Rogers J., Williams N. Total anorectal reconstruction results in complete anorectal sensory loss. Br J Surg 1996; 83:57-9.

Holdsworth P. , Johnston D. Anal sensation after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg 1988; 75:993-6.

Pickrell K., Georgiade N., Richard E.F., Morris F. Gracilis muscle transplant for the correction of neurogenic rectal incontinence. Surg Clin North Am 1959; 39:1405-15.

Simonsen O.S., Stolf N.A., Aun F., et al. Rectal sphincter reconstruction in perineal colostomies after abdominoperineal resection for cancer. Br J Surg 1976; 63:389-91.

Исаков Ю.Ф., Степанов З.А. САН. Хирургическое лечение недержания в детском возрасте. Хирургия 2000; 4:51-54.

Fleshman J.W., Peters W.R., Shemesh E.I., et al. Anal sphincter reconstruction: anterior overlapping muscle repair. Dis Colon Rectum 1991; 34:739-43.

Фролов С.А., Полетов Н.Н., Костарев И.В. Технические особенности формирования неосфинктера из нежной мышцы бедра у больных недостаточностью анального сфинктера. Моск хир журн 2010.

Фролов С.А., Полетов Н.Н. Возможности снижения осложнений после грацилопластики. Колопроктология 2011; 3:54.

Фролов С.А., Полетов Н.Н., Костарев И.В. Качество жизни больных, перенесших грацилопластику по поводу недостаточности анального сфинктера. Колопроктология 2012; 16-21.

Воробьев Г.И., Шелыгин Ю.А., Полетов Н.Н. и др. Результаты хирургического лечения у больных полной недостаточностью анального сфинктера. Колопроктология 2007; 20.

Chivate S.D., Chougule V.A. New rectal construction after abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma rectum. Indian J Surg 2012; 74:166-71.

Zailani M.H., Azmi M.N., Deen K.I. Gracilis muscle as neoanal sphincter for faecal incontinence. Med J Malaysia 2010; 65:66-7.

Kumar D., Hutchinson R., Grant E. Bilateral gracilis neosphincter construction for treatment of faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 1995; 82:1645-7.

Wexner S.D., Gonzalez-Padron A., Rius J., et al. Stimulated gracilis neosphincter operation. Initial experience, pitfalls, and complications. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39:957-64.

Henry M.M., Parks A.G., Swash M. The anal reflex in idiopathic faecal incontinence: an electrophysiological study. Br J Surg 1980; 67:781-3.

Cavina E., Seccia M., Evangelista G., et al. Perineal colostomy and electrostimulated gracilis “neosphincter” after abdomino-perineal resection of the colon and anorectum: a surgical experience and follow-up study in 47 cases. Int J Colorectal Dis 1990; 5:6-11.

Hassan M.Z., Rathnayaka M.M., Deen K.I. Modified dynamic gracilis neosphincter for fecal incontinence: an analysis of functional outcome at a single institution. World J Surg 2010; 34:1641-7.

Abbes Orabi N., Vanwymersch T., Paterson H.M., et al. Total perineal reconstruction after abdominoperineal excision for rectal cancer: long-term results of dynamic graciloplasty with Malone appendicostomy. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13:406-13.

Penninckx F. Belgian experience with dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 2004; 91:872-8.

Cavina E., Seccia M., Banti P. , Zocco G. Anorectal reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection. Experience with double-wrap graciloplasty supported by low-frequency electrostimulation. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:1010-6.

Ortiz H., Armendariz P. , DeMiguel M., et al. Prospective study of artificial anal sphincter and dynamic graciloplasty for severe anal incontinence. Int J Colorectal Dis 2003; 18:349-54.

Geerdes B.P. , Heineman E., Konsten J., et al. Dynamic graciloplasty. Complications and management. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39:912-7.

Keighley M.R., Fielding J.W. Management of faecal incontinence and results of surgical treatment. Br J Surg 1983; 70:463-8.

Margolin D.A. New options for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Ochsner J 2008; 8:18-24.

Altomare D.F., Rinaldi M., Pannarale O.C., Memeo V. Electrostimulated gracilis neosphincter for faecal incontinence and in total anorectal reconstruction: still an experimental procedure? Int J Colorectal Dis 1997; 12:308-12.

Rongen M.J., Uludag O., El Naggar K., et al. Longterm follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2003; 46:716-21.

Саламов К.Н. Особенности клинического проявления аноректальных пороков развития у взрослых. Сов мед 1987; 6:76-80.

Hakelius L. Free autogenous muscle transplantation in two cases of total anal incontinence. Acta Chir Scand 1975; 141:69-75.

Belloli G.P. , Campobasso P. , Girardi G.F, Termini C. Free autogenous muscle grafts in nine children with total and incontinence (author’s transl). Pediatr Med Chir 1981; 3:481-5.

Hakelius L., Olsen L. Free autogenous muscle transplantation in children. Long-term results. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1991; 1:353-7.

Комиссаров И.А. Хирургическое лечение недержание кала у детей. Вестн хир 1996; 2:60-2.

Kintzonidis D., Affeld K., Hardenberg C. Implantable artificial sphincter ani. ASAIO J 1971; 17:138-42.

Heiblum M., Cordoba A. An artificial sphincter: a preliminary report. Dis Colon Rectum 1978; 21:562-6.

Christiansen J., Lorentzen M. Implantation of artificial sphincter for anal incontinence. Lancet 1987; 2:244-5.

Lehur P. A., Glemain P. , Bruley des Varannes S., et al. Outcome of patients with an implanted artificial anal sphincter for severe faecal incontinence. A single institution report. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998; 13:88-92.

Wong M.T., Meurette G., Wyart V., et al. The artificial bowel sphincter: a single institution experience over a decade. Ann Surg 2011; 254:951-6.

Baumgartner U. The artificial sphincter: therapy for faecal incontinence. Zentralbl Chir 2012; 137:340-4.

Wong W.D., Congliosi S.M., Spencer M.P. , et al. The safety and efficacy of the artificial bowel sphincter for fecal incontinence: results from a multicenter cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45:1139-53.

Altomare D.F., Binda G.A., Dodi G., et al. Disappointing long-term results of the artificial anal sphincter for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg 2004; 91:1352-3.

Darnis B., Faucheron J.L., Damon H., Barth X. Technical and functional results of the artificial bowel sphincter for treatment of severe fecal incontinence: is there any benefit for the patient? Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56:505-10.

100

Melenhorst J., Koch S.M., van Gemert W.G., Baeten C.G. The artificial bowel sphincter for faecal incontinence: a single centre study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2008; 23:107-11.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.