gastro-jРоссийский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологииRussian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology1382-43762658-6673«Gastro» LLCgastro-j-1028Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫLECTURES AND REVIEWSСовременные представления о патофизиологических основах синдрома функциональной диспепсииPresent-day pathophysiological concept of functional dyspepsiaМаевИ. В.MayevI. V.

Маев Игорь Вениаминович – проректор по учебной работе, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заслуженный врач РФ, заслуженный деятель науки РФ

Mayev Igor V — MD, PhD, professor, vice-rector on academic activity, head of the Chair of internal diseases propedeutics and gastroenterology, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science, honored doctor of the Russian Federation, honored scientist of the Russian Federation

АндреевД. Н.AndreevD. N.

Андреев Дмитрий Николаевич – ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии

Andreyev Dmitry N – assistant-professor, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics and gastroenterology

dna-mit8@mail.ruКучерявыйЮ. А.KucheryavyYu. A.

Кучерявый Юрий Александрович – доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, кандидат медицинских наук

Kucheryavy Yury A – MD, lecturer, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics and gastroenterology

ДичеваД. Т.DichevaD. T.

Дичева Диана Тодоровна – доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, кандидат медицинских наук

Dicheva Diana T — MD, lecturer, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics and gastroenterology

СубботинаЮ. С.SubbotinaYu. S.

Субботина Юлия Сергеевна – клинический ординатор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии

Subbotina Yuliya S – resident, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics and gastroenterology

ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияYevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2015290920152541522Copyright © Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., Дичева Д.Т., Субботина Ю.С., 20152015Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А., Дичева Д.Т., Субботина Ю.С.Mayev I.V., Andreev D.N., Kucheryavy Y.A., Dicheva D.T., Subbotina Y.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1028

Цель обзора. Предоставить современные данные о патофизиологических механизмах, лежащих в основе синдрома функциональной диспепсии (ФД).Основные положения. На текущий момент этиопатогенез ФД рассматривается как сложный мультифакторный процесс, причинно-следственные связи которого продолжают активно изучаться. Нарушения моторики (замедление эвакуаторной функции, нарушение релаксационной аккомодации) и сенситивности желудка (висцеральная гиперчувствительность к растяжению) считаются одними из основных патофизиологических механизмов ФД. Указанные изменения выявляются в среднем у 40% таких больных. Помимо этого, в генезе ФД значимую роль могут играть и механизмы альтерации дуоденальной сенситивности как к соляной кислоте, так и липидам.Заключение. Патофизиология ФД базируется на большом количестве гетерогенных механизмов, затрагивающих моторную и сенситивную функции желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. С учетом столь значимой роли нарушений моторной активности желудка приоритетной группой препаратов для лечения ФД являются прокинетики.

The aim of review

The aim of review. To present modern data on the pathophysiological mechanisms causing functional dyspepsia (FD) syndrome.

Key points

Key points. Nowadays FD is considered to be a complex multifactor process which cause and effect relationships are under continuous active study. Disorders of stomach motility (delay of evacuation, disorders of relaxation accommodation) and sensitivity (visceral hypersensitivity to distention) are considered to be the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of FD. These changes develop approximately in 40% of FD patients. Besides that, alteration of duodenal sensitivity to hydrochloric acid and lipids can play significant role in genesis of FD.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Mechanisms of FD are based on multiple heterogenous disorders of motor and sensitive functions of the stomach and duodenum. Due to major role of stomach motility disorders prokinetics are the priority drugs for treatment of FD.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.