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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГОВ, ГЕПАТОЛОГОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL COLLEGE OF GASTROENTEROLOGISTS, HEPATOLOGISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные методы изучения микрофлоры желудочно-кишечного тракта человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern methods of studying of human gastro-intestinal microflora</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>Ye. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полуэктова Елена Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник НИО Инновационной терапии, врач отделения хронических заболеваний кишечника и поджелудочной железы  </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluektova Yelena A. – MD, senior research associate, Scientific-educational center of innovative therapy, doctor of department of chronic bowel and pancreatic diseases</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polouektova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляшенко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyashenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифрин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifrin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шептулин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheptulin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education «Sechenov First Moscow state medical university», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полуэктова Е.А., Ляшенко О.С., Шифрин О.С., Шептулин А.А., Ивашкин В.Т., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полуэктова Е.А., Ляшенко О.С., Шифрин О.С., Шептулин А.А., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poluektova Y.A., Lyashenko O.S., Shifrin O.S., Sheptulin A.A., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1107">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1107</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Рассмотреть современные представления о составе и функциях кишечной микрофлоры и ее возможном влиянии на развитие ряда заболеваний, а также основные методы диагностики нарушений ее качественного и количественного состава.Основные положения. Микрофлора кишечника играет важную роль в обеспечении нормальной жизнедеятельности организма. Ее качественный и количественный состав может меняться под влиянием факторов окружающей среды, а также в зависимости от возраста, пола человека и климатогеографических условий. Появились новые данные о связи нарушений микрофлоры с заболеваниями сердечно­сосудистой системы, нарушением обмена веществ, аутоиммунными и аллергическими заболеваниями.С середины ХХ века для оценки состава микрофлоры широко применялся бактериологический метод исследования, основанный на выделении чистой культуры. Однако на протяжении последнего десятилетия внедряются современные методы диагностики, которые позволяют исследовать состав и функции микроорганизмов на генетическом уровне, даже при наличии одной бактериальной клетки в образце.Заключение. Использование современных методов диагностики позволяет получить развернутую картину микробного пейзажа тонкой и толстой кишки, а также оценить характер метаболизма выделенных микроорганизмов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To discuss modern concepts on the structure and functions of intestinal microflora and its possible effect on development of certain diseases, as well as the basic methods of diagnostics of disorders of its qualitative and quantitative structure.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Intestinal microflora plays important role in maintenance of normal ability to live of a human body. Its qualitative and quantitative pattern can vary under effect of environmental factors, in relation to age, gender and climatic geographical conditions. New data on relation of disorders of microflora with diseases of cardio-vascular system, disorders of metabolism, autoimmune and allergic diseases have appeared. From the middle of XX century bacteriological method of investigation based on obtaining of pure culture was widely applied in rating of microflora pattern. However, during the last decade modern methods of diagnostics which allow to investigate structure and functions of microorganisms at a genetic level, even at the presence of single bacterial cell in a sample.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Application of modern methods of diagnostics allows to receive the unwrapped representation of microbic landscape of small and large intestine, and also to estimate character of metabolism of the defined microorganisms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>синдром избыточного бактериального роста</kwd><kwd>методы диагностики</kwd><kwd>молекулярно­генетический анализ</kwd><kwd>метагеномика</kwd><kwd>метаболомика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев А. А. Микробиология и иммунология. — М.: Медицина, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьев А. А. Микробиология и иммунология. — М.: Медицина, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т, Шептулин А. А., Склянская О. А. 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