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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1132</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXCHANG OF EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Семейный случай ахалазии кардии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Family case of cardiac achalasia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсютина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevsyutina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евсютина Юлия Викторовна – аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p> 119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevsyutina Yulia V – post-graduate student of chair of internal diseases propedeutics</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uselina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education «Sechenov First Moscow state medical university», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евсютина Ю.В., Трухманов А.С., Ивашкин В.Т., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евсютина Ю.В., Трухманов А.С., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yevsyutina Y.V., Trukhmanov A.S., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1132">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1132</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Представить современные данные о генетической теории развития ахалазии кардии и привести собственное клиническое наблюдение пациентки с вертикальным типом наследования ахалазии.Основные положения. Ахалазия кардии представляет собой идиопатическое заболевание, причиной развития которого выступают воспаление и дегенерация межмышечных сплетений, приводящие к потере постганглионарных тормозящих нейронов, необходимых для расслабления нижнего пищеводного сфинктера и перистальтических сокращений пищевода. Основными симптомами ахалазии служат: дисфагия, регургитация, боль в грудной клетке и похудание. На настоящий момент рассматриваются три основные этиологические гипотезы в развитии ахалазии кардии — генетическая, инфекционная и аутоиммунная. Одной из наиболее широко обсуждаемых выступает генетическая теория.Заключение. Приведенный клинический случай иллюстрирует именно генетическую теорию развития ахалазии кардии у матери 81 года и дочери 58 лет. Генетический анализ, который широко проводится в последнее время у пациентов с ахалазией, позволил приблизиться к разгадке этиологии данного заболевания, однако требуются дополнительные исследования в этой области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To present modern data on the genetic theory of development of cardiac achalasia and data of original clinical case of the patient with vertical type of achalasia inheritance.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Cardiac achalasia is idiopathic disease, caused by inflammation and degeneration of myenteric plexus resulting in loss of postganglionic inhibitory neurons, essential for relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and peristaltic contractions of the esophagus. Main symptoms of achalasia are: dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain and weight loss. Nowadays there are three main etiological hypotheses in cardiac achalasia development — genetic, infectious and autoimmune. Genetic theory is one of most widely discussed concepts.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Presented clinical case illustrates genetic theory of cardiac achalasia development in 81 year-old mother and 58 year-old daughter. Genetic analysis which is broadly applied for patients with achalasia, has allowed to come around to disease etiology, anyhow additional investigations in this area are necessary.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахалазия кардии</kwd><kwd>дисфагия</kwd><kwd>регургитация</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>гастростома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiac achalasia</kwd><kwd>dysphagia</kwd><kwd>regurgitation</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>gastric fistula</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василенко В.Х., Суворова Т.А., Гребенев А.Л. Ахалазия кардии, М.: Медицина. 1976, 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Василенко В.Х., Суворова Т.А., Гребенев А.Л. 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