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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВОСТИ КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEWS OF COLOPROCTOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы, обеспечивающие взаимодействие бактериальных клеток с организмом хозяина, и их нарушение у пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms of bacterial-to-host interaction and their disorders at inflammatory bowel diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>Ye. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полуэктова Елена Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник НОКЦ «Инновационной терапии», врач-терапевт отделения хронических заболеваний кишечника и поджелудочной железы </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluektova Yelena A — MD, leading research associate, Scientific and educational clinical center of innovative therapy, doctor of department of chronic intestinal and pancreatic diseases</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polouektova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляшенко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyashenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифрин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifrin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет» им И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education «Sechenov First Moscow state medical university». Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полуэктова Е.А., Ляшенко О.С., Королев А.В., Шифрин О.С., Ивашкин В.Т., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полуэктова Е.А., Ляшенко О.С., Королев А.В., Шифрин О.С., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poluektova Y.A., Lyashenko O.S., Korolev A.V., Shifrin O.S., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1142">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1142</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Рассмотреть современные представления о взаимодействии бактериальных клеток с организмом человека, а также о нарушении взаимодействия микрои макроорганизма при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (ВЗК).Основные положения. У пациентов, страдающих ВЗК, выявляются как качественные, так и количественные изменения микрофлоры в сторону увеличения содержания условно-патогенных и патогенных микроорганизмов. Возможность контакта бактерий с клетками иммунной системы обеспечивается способностью бактериальных клеток к адгезии и инвазии, компетентностью слоя слизи, выстилающей оболочку желудочно-кишечного тракта, задерживающей и фиксирующей микробные клетки, полноценностью функции межклеточных контактов эпителиального слоя, плотностью сигнальных рецепторов, уровнем экспрессии антимикробных пептидов, завершенностью процесса аутофагии. Нарушение барьерной функции кишечника у пациентов, рассматриваемой категории, в сочетании с преобладанием в кишечном биоценозе условнопатогенных и патогенных микроорганизмов, приводит к существенно бóльшему напряжению иннатной и адаптивной иммунной систем.Заключение. У пациентов, страдающих ВЗК, в той или иной степени нарушены все механизмы, обеспечивающие взаимодействие бактериальных клеток с организмом хозяина, что, в сочетании с генетической предрасположенностью к данному заболеванию, приводит к формированию клинических симптомов и морфологических изменений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To discuss modern concepts on interaction of bacterial cells with human body, and disorders of micro-and macroorganism interaction at inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).</p></sec><sec><title>Summary</title><p>Summary. Quantitative and qualitative changes of intestinal microflora are revealed in patients with IBD, with tendency to increase of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms contents. The capability of bacteria contact with immune cells is provided by capacity of bacterial cells to adhesion and invasion, competence of mucus layer covering mucosa of gastro-intestinal tract, detaining and fixing microbic cells, competence of intercellular epithelial contacts function, density of signal receptors, level of antimicrobic peptides expression, completeness of autophagy process. Disorder of barrier function of intestine at IBD patients, in combination to prevalence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in intestinal biome, results in essential overload of innate and adaptive immune system.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. At IBD, all mechanisms providing interaction of bacterial cells with the host body are malfunc tioning to some extent, that, in combination to genetic predisposition to this disease, results in development of clinical symptoms and morphological changes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрофлора</kwd><kwd>плотные контакты</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>паттернраспознающие рецепторы</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>иннатный и адаптивный иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microflora</kwd><kwd>tight junctions</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>pattern-recognizing receptors</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>innate and adaptive immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алешина Г. М., Кокряков В. Н., Шамова О. В., Орлов Д. С. и др. 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