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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ахалазия кардии: современные представления об этиологии, патогенезе, клинической картине и диагностике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiac achalasia: modern concepts on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евсютина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yevsyutina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евсютина Юлия Викторовна — клинический ординатор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yevsyutina Yuliya V — attending physician, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics, medical faculty</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uselina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сторонова</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухманов Александр Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trukhmanov Aleksander S — MD, PhD, professor, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics, medical faculty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education «Sechenov First Moscow state medical university» Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евсютина Ю.В., Сторонова O.A., Трухманов А.С., Ивашкин В.Т., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евсютина Ю.В., Сторонова O.A., Трухманов А.С., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yevsyutina Y.V., Storonova O.A., Trukhmanov A.S., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1150">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1150</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Представить современные данные об этиологии, патогенезе, клинической картине и диагностике ахалазии кардии.Основные положения. Ахалазия кардии представляет собой первичное двигательное заболевание пищевода, при котором происходит поражение межмышечных сплетений.Основными симптомами ахалазии являются: дисфагия, регургитация, боль в грудной клетке и похудание. «Золотым стандартом» диагностики является манометрия пищевода, которая позволяет оценить давление покоя и расслабления нижнего пищеводного сфинктера и перистальтическую активность дистального отдела пищевода.В качестве возможных этиологических факторов рассматриваются генетическая, аутоиммунная и инфекционная теории.Заключение. На настоящий момент патогенез, клиническая картина и методы диагностики ахалазии кардии изучены достаточно подробно, однако этиология заболевания, несмотря на многовековую историю вопроса, остается неизвестной. Большого внимания заслуживает аутоиммунная теория заболевания, которая требует проведения дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To present up-to-date data on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostics of cardiac achalasia.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Cardiac achalasia represents primary esophageal motor disease with involvement of myenteric plexus. Basic symptoms of achalasia include dysphagia, regurgitation, chest pain and weight loss. Esophageal manometry which allows to evaluate resting pressure and relaxation phenomenon of the lower esophageal sphincter and peristaltic activity of distal part of the esophagus is the «gold standard» of diagnostics. Genetic, autoimmune and infectious theories are considered for disease etiology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For the present moment pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostics methods of cardiac achalasia are investigated in detail, however etiology of disease remains unknown, despite of centuries-old history. The major attention is drawn to autoimmune theory which requires further investigations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахалазия кардии</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>дисфагия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cardiac achalasia</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>dysphagia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василенко В.Х., Суворова Т.А., Гребенев А.Л. Ахалазия кардии. М.: Медицина, 1976:280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Василенко В.Х., Суворова Т.А., Гребенев А.Л. Ахалазия кардии. 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