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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-4-94-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГИИ, ГЕПАТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL COLLEGE OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, HEPATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функциональные заболевания желчевыводящих путей и желчнокаменная болезнь: анализ возможной взаимосвязи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Functional Disorders of the Biliary Tract and Cholelithiasis: Analysis of a Possible Relationship</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-6634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульпекова</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulpekova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Олеговна Шульпекова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia O. Shulpekova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119991; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulpekova_yu_o@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-0477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Романовна Попова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina R. Popova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology andHepatology</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popova_i_r@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-9064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечаев</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechaev</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Михайлович Нечаев, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Nechaev, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nechaev_v_m@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шульпекова Ю.О., Попова И.Р., Нечаев В.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шульпекова Ю.О., Попова И.Р., Нечаев В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulpekova Y.O., Popova I.R., Nechaev V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1273">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1273</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: Диагностические критерии функциональных заболеваний желчевыводящих путей представлены в материалах Римского консенсуса IV, а также экспертных советов российских и зарубежных специалистов. Приступы функциональной билиарной боли обусловлены нарушением оттока желчи через пузырный проток и сфинктер Одди. Выдвинуто предположение о наличии «билиарного континуума», в котором у части пациентов билиарная дисфункция трансформируется в желчнокаменную болезнь (ЖКБ).</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные положения</title><p>   Основные положения. В качестве патофизиологической основы развития билиарной дискинезии и ЖКБ рассматривается литогенная желчь. Она провоцирует воспаление низкой степени в слизистой оболочке желчных путей, снижение сократимости желчного пузыря и нарушение расслабления билиарных сфинктеров, нарушение физиологического ответа на холецистокинин. Изменение моторики желчных путей может быть связано с влиянием гидрофобных солей желчных кислот и нарушением обмена эйкозаноидов. Гиперплазия эпителия и мышечного слоя, гиперсекреция муцина и осаждение холестерина еще больше нарушают отток желчи. Данные экспериментов и некоторые клинические наблюдения указывают на возможность трансформации билиарной дисфункции в ЖКБ. Дисфункция сфинктера Одди представляет собой одно из возможных последствий холецистэктомии и, по сути, выступает как вариант «постхолецистэктомического синдрома». Основу лечения билиарных дисфункций представляют спазмолитики разных классов, которые можно комбинировать с урсодезоксихолевой кислотой. Высокую эффективность в купировании билиарной боли показал селективный для желчных путей спазмолитик гимекромон, который также обладает умеренным холеретическим действием и способностью предупреждать кристаллизацию холестерина в желчи и может применяться как при функциональных заболеваниях, так и при ЖКБ. Отечественный препарат гимекромона «Одекромон®» вышел на фармацевтический рынок.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Не вызывает сомнений актуальность дальнейшего изучения закономерностей развития билиарных дисфункций и ЖКБ. Изучение этой проблемы будет способствовать разработке эффективных профилактических подходов, в том числе в области нутрицевтики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim: Diagnostic criteria for functional disorders of the biliary tract are presented in the materials of the Rome IV consensus, as well as expert councils of Russian and foreign specialists. Episodes of functional biliary pain are caused by a violation of bile outflow through the cystic duct and sphincter of Oddi. It has been suggested that there is a “biliary continuum” in which in some patients’ biliary dysfunction is transformed into cholelithiasis.</p></sec><sec><title>   Key points</title><p>   Key points. Lithogenic bile is considered as the pathophysiological basis for the development of biliary dyskinesia and cholelithiasis. Lithogenic bile provokes inflammation of low grades in the mucous membrane of the biliary tract, decreased contractility of the gallbladder and impaired relaxation of the biliary sphincters, impaired physiological response to cholecystokinin. Changes in motility of the biliary tract may be associated with the influence of hydrophobic bile salts and impaired eicosanoid metabolism. Hyperplasia of the epithelium and muscle layer, hypersecretion of mucin and cholesterol precipitation further impair the outflow of bile. Experimental data and some clinical observations indicate the possibility of transformation of biliary dysfunction into cholelithiasis. Dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi is one of the possible consequences of cholecystectomy and, in fact, acts as a variant of postcholecystectomy syndrome. The basis for the treatment of biliary dysfunctions are antispasmodics of different classes, which can be combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. The biliary tract-selective antispasmodic hymecromone has shown high effectiveness in relieving biliary pain, which also has a moderate choleretic effect and the ability to prevent the crystallization of cholesterol in bile and can be used both for functional diseases and for cholelithiasis. The domestic drug hymecromone “Odecromone” entered the pharmaceutical market.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. There is no doubt that the relevance of further study of the patterns of development of biliary dysfunctions and GI is obvious. The study of this problem will contribute to the development of effective preventive approaches, including in the field of nutraceuticals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональные заболевания желчевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>литогенная желчь</kwd><kwd>дисфункция сфинктера Одди</kwd><kwd>гимекромон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional diseases of the biliary tract</kwd><kwd>lithogenic bile</kwd><kwd>dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi</kwd><kwd>hymecromone</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шульпекова Ю.О., Баранская Е.К., Охлобыстин А.В., Трухманов А.С. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению дискинезии желчевыводящих путей. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2018;28(3):63–80. 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