<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2024-1347-3543</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль воспаления и нарушений моторики в возникновении, течении и последствиях функциональных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта и желчевыводящих путей (обзор литературы и резолюция Совета экспертов)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of Inflammation and Motility Disorders in the Development, Course and Consequences of Functional Gastrointestinal and Biliary Tract Diseases (Literature Review and Expert Panel Resolution)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Трофимович Ивашкин, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой, директор Клиники</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии; Клиника пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Ivashkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department, Director of Clinic</p><p>Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology; V.Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-3992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бордин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bordin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Станиславович Бордин, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>отдел патологии поджелудочной железы, желчных путей и верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта; кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии; факультет дополнительного профессионального образования; кафедра общей врачебной практики и семейной медицины</p><p>111123; ш. Энтузиастов, 86, стр. 6; Москва; Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Bordin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department, Professor, Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Pancreatic, Bile and Upper Gastrointestinal Pathology; Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics and Gastroenterology; Department of General Medical Practice and Family Medicine</p><p>111123; Entuziastov highway, 86, build. 6; Moscow; Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.bordin@mknc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-8725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Львовна Лапина, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana L. Lapina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatlapina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-7017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ливзан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Livzan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Анатольевна Ливзан, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, заведующая кафедрой, ректор</p><p>кафедра факультетской терапии и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>644099; ул. Ленина, 12; Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Livzan, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department, Rector</p><p>Department of Faculty Therapy and Gastroenterology</p><p>644099; Lenina str., 12; Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mlivzan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4617-2292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Охлобыстин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Okhlobystin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Викторович Охлобыстин, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Okhlobystin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okhlobystin_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-120X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Полуэктова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, врач-гастроэнтеролог</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии; Клиника пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко; отделение хронических заболеваний кишечника и поджелудочной железы</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Poluektova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Gastroenterologist</p><p>Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology; V.Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propaedeutics,Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Chronic Intestinal and Pancreatic Diseases</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poluektova_e_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Трухманов, доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>лечебный факультет; кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Trukhmanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>119435; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.trukhmanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspenskiy</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Павлович Успенский, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра факультетской терапии им. профессора В.А. Вальдмана; стоматологический факультет; кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>194100; Литовская ул., 2; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury P. Uspenskiy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department, Professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Faculty Therapy named after Professor V.A. Valdman; Dentistry faculty; Department of Internal Diseases</p><p>194100; Litovskaya str., 2; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uspenskiy65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-6634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульпекова</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulpekova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Олеговна Шульпекова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435; ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia O. Shulpekova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119991; Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1; Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulpekova_yu_o@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Московский клинический научно-практический центр им. А.С. Логинова»; ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center; Russian University of Medicine; Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкин В.Т., Бордин Д.С., Лапина Т.Л., Ливзан М.А., Охлобыстин А.В., Полуэктова Е.А., Трухманов А.С., Успенский Ю.П., Шульпекова Ю.О., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Бордин Д.С., Лапина Т.Л., Ливзан М.А., Охлобыстин А.В., Полуэктова Е.А., Трухманов А.С., Успенский Ю.П., Шульпекова Ю.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Bordin D.S., Lapina T.L., Livzan M.A., Okhlobystin A.V., Poluektova E.A., Trukhmanov A.S., Uspenskiy Y.P., Shulpekova Y.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1347">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1347</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель: представить итоги Совета экспертов с обсуждением современных представлений о патогенезе функциональных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта и возможностей мультитаргетной терапии тримебутином.</p></sec><sec><title>   Основные положения</title><p>   Основные положения. Воспаление низкой степени можно рассматривать как морфологический субстрат функциональных заболеваний с повышением содержания в слизистой оболочке желудочно-кишечного тракта активированных мастоцитов и эозинофилов, Т-хелперов 2 и Т-хелперов 17. В развитии висцеральной гиперчувствительности большое значение придают функциональной связи между мастоцитами и TRPV1-позитивными сенсорными окончаниями блуждающего нерва. Провоспалительные цитокины и матриксные металлопротеиназы могут поступать в системную циркуляцию, провоцируя развитие системных проявлений. Повышенный уровень провоспалительных цитокинов поддерживают измененная кишечная проницаемость и микробиота. Функциональные заболевания, как предполагается, могут модифицировать симптоматику и течение сопутствующих органических заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта (например, функциональные заболевания билиарного тракта, возможно, способствуют развитию желчнокаменной болезни, панкреатита). Агонист периферических μ-, κ- и δ-рецепторов тримебутин (Тримедат®) регулирует выработку энтерогормонов, модулирует моторику на всем протяжении желудочно-кишечного тракта и нормализует висцеральную чувствительность. Эффективность тримебутина в лечении функциональных расстройств показана в различных исследованиях. Тримебутин способствует снижению продукции провоспалительных цитокинов, в том числе интерлейкина-6.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. В лечении функциональных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта тримебутин можно рассматривать как средство мультитаргетного действия, так как препарат способствует нормализации моторики, уменьшает степень висцеральной гиперчувствительности, проявляет противовоспалительное и нейрорегенераторное действие, а также может повышать эффективность лечения сопутствующих заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim: to present the results of the Expert Panel with a discussion of modern concepts of the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal diseases and the possibilities of multitarget therapy with trimebutine.</p></sec><sec><title>   Key points</title><p>   Key points. Low-grade inflammation can be considered as a morphological substrate of functional diseases with an increase in activated mastocytes and eosinophils, T-helpers 2 and T-helpers 17 in the gastrointestinal mucosa. In the development in the content of visceral hypersensitivity, the functional connection between mastocytes and TRPV1-positive sensory endings of the vagus nerve is of great importance. Proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases can enter the systemic circulation, provoking the development of systemic manifestations. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are supported by altered intestinal permeability and microbiota. Functional diseases are believed to modify the symptoms and course of concomitant organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (for example, functional diseases of the biliary tract may contribute to the development of cholelithiasis, pancreatitis). The peripheral μ-, κ- and δ-receptor agonist trimebutine (Trimedat®) regulates the production of enterohormones, modulates motility throughout the gastrointestinal tract and normalizes visceral sensitivity. The effectiveness of trimebutine in the treatment of functional disorders has been shown in various studies. Trimebutine helps reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. In the treatment of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, trimebutine can be considered as a multitarget agent, since the drug helps to normalize motility, reduces the degree of visceral hypersensitivity, exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroregenerative effects, and can also increase the effectiveness of treatment of concomitant diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>функциональные заболевания органов пищеварения</kwd><kwd>функциональные заболевания билиарного тракта</kwd><kwd>воспаление низкой степени</kwd><kwd>висцеральная гиперчувствительность</kwd><kwd>моторика</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>тримебутин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>functional gastrointestinal diseases</kwd><kwd>functional biliary tract diseases</kwd><kwd>low-grade inflammation</kwd><kwd>visceral hypersensitivity</kwd><kwd>motility</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>trimebutine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sperber A.D., Bangdiwala S.I., Drossman D.A., Ghoshal U.C., Simren M., Tack J., et al. Worldwide prevalence and burden of functional gastrointestinal disorders, results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):99–114.e3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sperber A.D., Bangdiwala S.I., Drossman D.A., Ghoshal U.C., Simren M., Tack J., et al. Worldwide prevalence and burden of functional gastrointestinal disorders, results of Rome Foundation Global Study. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(1):99–114.e3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Силаева А.С., Буеверова Е.Л., Шульпекова Ю.О. Дуоденальная эозинофилия при функциональной диспепсии. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2023;33(2):87–94. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-2-87-94</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silaeva A.S., Bueverova E.L., Shulpekova Yu.O. Duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2023;33(2):87–94. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-2-87-94</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burns G., Carroll G., Mathe A., Horvat J., Foster P., Walker M.M., et al. Evidence for local and systemic immune activation in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome : A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(3):429–36. DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0377-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns G., Carroll G., Mathe A., Horvat J., Foster P., Walker M.M., et al. Evidence for local and systemic immune activation in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome : A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(3):429–36. DOI: 10.1038/s41395-018-0377-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wouters M.M., Vicario M., Santos J. The role of mast cells in functional GI disorders. Gut. 2016;65(1):155–68. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wouters M.M., Vicario M., Santos J. The role of mast cells in functional GI disorders. Gut. 2016;65(1):155–68. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burns G.L., Bruce J.K., Minahan K., Mathe A., Fairlie T., Cameron R., et al. Type 2 and type 17 effector cells are increased in the duodenal mucosa but not peripheral blood of patients with functional dyspepsia. Front Immunol. 2023:13:1051632. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burns G.L., Bruce J.K., Minahan K., Mathe A., Fairlie T., Cameron R., et al. Type 2 and type 17 effector cells are increased in the duodenal mucosa but not peripheral blood of patients with functional dyspepsia. Front Immunol. 2023:13:1051632. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1051632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arshi J., Layfield L.J., Esebua M. Mast cell infiltration and activation in the gallbladder wall: Implications for the pathogenesis of functional gallbladder disorder in adult patients. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2021;54:151798. DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151798</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arshi J., Layfield L.J., Esebua M. Mast cell infiltration and activation in the gallbladder wall: Implications for the pathogenesis of functional gallbladder disorder in adult patients. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2021;54:151798. DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151798</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oshima T. Functional dyspepsia: Current understanding and future perspective. Digestion. 2024;105(1):26–33. DOI: 10.1159/000532082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oshima T. Functional dyspepsia: Current understanding and future perspective. Digestion. 2024;105(1):26–33. DOI: 10.1159/000532082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Defaye M., Abdullah N.S., Iftinca M., Hassan A., Agosti F., Zhang Z., et al. Gut-innervating TRPV1+ neurons drive chronic visceral pain via microglial P2Y12 receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;13(4):977–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Defaye M., Abdullah N.S., Iftinca M., Hassan A., Agosti F., Zhang Z., et al. Gut-innervating TRPV1+ neurons drive chronic visceral pain via microglial P2Y12 receptor. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;13(4):977–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seyedmirzaee S., Hayatbakhsh M.M., Ahmadi B., Baniasadi N., Bagheri Rafsanjani A.M., Nikpoor A.R., et al. Serum immune biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2016;40(5):631–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.12.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seyedmirzaee S., Hayatbakhsh M.M., Ahmadi B., Baniasadi N., Bagheri Rafsanjani A.M., Nikpoor A.R., et al. Serum immune biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2016;40(5):631–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.12.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mokhtare M., Alimoradzadeh R., Agah S., Mirmiranpour H., Khodabandehloo N. The association between modulating inflammatory cytokines and constipation of geriatrics in Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2017;9(4):228–34. DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.78</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mokhtare M., Alimoradzadeh R., Agah S., Mirmiranpour H., Khodabandehloo N. The association between modulating inflammatory cytokines and constipation of geriatrics in Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2017;9(4):228–34. DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., Singh P., Kumar A. Targeted therapy of irritable bowel syndrome with anti-inflammatory cytokines. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2022;15(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01555-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., Singh P., Kumar A. Targeted therapy of irritable bowel syndrome with anti-inflammatory cytokines. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2022;15(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01555-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norlin A.K., Walter S., Icenhour A., Keita A.V., Elsenbruch S., Bednarska O., et al. Fatigue in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with plasma levels of TNF-alpha and mesocorticolimbic connectivity. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;92:211–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norlin A.K., Walter S., Icenhour A., Keita A.V., Elsenbruch S., Bednarska O., et al. Fatigue in irritable bowel syndrome is associated with plasma levels of TNF-alpha and mesocorticolimbic connectivity. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;92:211–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Šojat D., Volarić M., Keškić T., Volarić N., Cerovečki V., Trtica Majnarić L. Putting functional gastrointestinal disorders within the spectrum of inflammatory disorders can improve classification and diagnostics of these disorders. Biomedicines. 2024;12(3):702. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030702</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Šojat D., Volarić M., Keškić T., Volarić N., Cerovečki V., Trtica Majnarić L. Putting functional gastrointestinal disorders within the spectrum of inflammatory disorders can improve classification and diagnostics of these disorders. Biomedicines. 2024;12(3):702. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12030702</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei L., Singh R., Ro S., Ghoshal U.C. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in functional gastrointestinal disorders: Underpinning the symptoms and pathophysiology. JGH Open. 2021;5(9):976–87. DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12528</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei L., Singh R., Ro S., Ghoshal U.C. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in functional gastrointestinal disorders: Underpinning the symptoms and pathophysiology. JGH Open. 2021;5(9):976–87. DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12528</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мехтиев С.Н., Мехтиева О.А., Берко О.М. Синдром перекреста функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств: общие механизмы патогенеза как ключ к рациональной терапии. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(4):95–103. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-95-103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mekhdiyev S.N., Mekhdieva O.A., Berko O.M. Overlap of functional gastrointestinal disorders: Common mechanisms of pathogenesis as a key to rational therapy. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(4):95–103. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-95-103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee S.W., Chang C.S. Impact of overlapping functional gastrointestinal disorders on the quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;27(2):176–84. DOI: 10.5056/jnm19006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee S.W., Chang C.S. Impact of overlapping functional gastrointestinal disorders on the quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;27(2):176–84. DOI: 10.5056/jnm19006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon D.A., Friesen C.A., Schurman J.V., Colombo J.M. Biliary dyskinesia in children and adolescents : A mini review. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:122. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon D.A., Friesen C.A., Schurman J.V., Colombo J.M. Biliary dyskinesia in children and adolescents : A mini review. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:122. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шульпекова Ю.О., Баранская Е.К., Охлобыстин А.В., Трухманов А.С. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению дискинезии желчевыводящих путей. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2018;28(3):63–80. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-3-63-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Mayev I.V., Shulpekova Yu.O., Baranskaya Ye.K., Okhlobystin A.V., Trukhmanov A.S., et al. Diagnostics and treatment of biliary dyskinesia: Clinical guidelines of the Russian gastroenterological Association. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2018;28(3):63–80. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-3-63-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучерявый Ю.А. Боль и диспепсия после холецистэктомии. Доктор.Ру. Гастроэнтерология. 2016;118(1): 27–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutcheryavy Yu.A. Pain and dyspepsia following cholecystectomy. Doctor.Ru. Gastroenterology. 2016;118(1):27–32. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильченко А.А. Билиарный панкреатит. РМЖ. 2012;20(15):803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilchenko A.A. Biliary pancreatitis. Russian Medical Journal. 2012;20(15):803. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotton P.B., Elta G.H., Carter C.R., Pasricha P.J., Corazziari E.S. Rome IV. Gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016:S0016-5085(16)00224-9. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotton P.B., Elta G.H., Carter C.R., Pasricha P.J., Corazziari E.S. Rome IV. Gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016:S0016-5085(16)00224-9. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Futagami S., Wakabayashi M. Pancreatic dysfunction and duodenal inflammatory responses coordinate with refractory epigastric pain including functional dyspepsia : A narrative review. J Nippon Med Sch. 2022;89(3):255–62. DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2022_89-311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Futagami S., Wakabayashi M. Pancreatic dysfunction and duodenal inflammatory responses coordinate with refractory epigastric pain including functional dyspepsia : A narrative review. J Nippon Med Sch. 2022;89(3):255–62. DOI: 10.1272/jnms.JNMS.2022_89-311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanchi C., Pintaldi S., Di Leo G., Ronfani L., Zamagni G., Viel M., et al. Fifteen-years follow-up in a cohort of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders: Prevalence and risk factors to develop neuropsychiatric disorders and other comorbidities. Children (Basel). 2021;8(10):838. DOI: 10.3390/children8100838</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanchi C., Pintaldi S., Di Leo G., Ronfani L., Zamagni G., Viel M., et al. Fifteen-years follow-up in a cohort of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders: Prevalence and risk factors to develop neuropsychiatric disorders and other comorbidities. Children (Basel). 2021;8(10):838. DOI: 10.3390/children8100838</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delvaux M., Wingate D. Trimebutine: Mechanism of action, effects on gastrointestinal function and clinical results. J Int Med Res. 1997;25(5):225–46. DOI: 10.1177/030006059702500501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delvaux M., Wingate D. Trimebutine: Mechanism of action, effects on gastrointestinal function and clinical results. J Int Med Res. 1997;25(5):225–46. DOI: 10.1177/030006059702500501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruepert L., Quartero A.O., de Wit N.J., van der Heijden G.J., Rubin G., Muris J.W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2011(8):CD003460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD003460.pub3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruepert L., Quartero A.O., de Wit N.J., van der Heijden G.J., Rubin G., Muris J.W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2011(8):CD003460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD003460.pub3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poynard T., Regimbeau C., Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(3):355–61. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00937.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poynard T., Regimbeau C., Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(3):355–61. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00937.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Полуэктова Е.А., Рейхарт Д.В., Шифрин О.С., Бениашвили А.Г., Ляшенко О.С. и др. Эффективность наиболее часто назначаемых групп препаратов у пациентов с функциональными расстройствами желудочно-кишечного тракта — синдромом функциональной диспепсии и синдромом раздраженного кишечника (Результаты наблюдательного исследования). Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2016;26(4):14–23. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-4-14-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Poluektova Ye.A., Reykhart D.V., Shifrin O.S., Beniashvili A.G., Lyashenko O.S., et al. Efficacy of drugs most commonly prescribed at functional gastrointestinal diseases (functional dyspepsia syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome) observational study results. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2016;26(4):14–23. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-4-14-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rahman M.Z., Ahmed D.S., Mahmuduzzaman M., Rahman M.A., Chowdhury M.S., Barua R., et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of trimebutine versus mebeverine in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Mymensingh Med J. 2014;23(1):105–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahman M.Z., Ahmed D.S., Mahmuduzzaman M., Rahman M.A., Chowdhury M.S., Barua R., et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of trimebutine versus mebeverine in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Mymensingh Med J. 2014;23(1):105–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кардашева С.С., Картавенко И.М., Максимова Н.Б., Юрьева Е.Ю., Попова И.Р., Павлов Ч.С. и др. Эффективность тримебутина малеата в лечении пациентов с функциональной диспепсией: результаты наблюдательного исследования «TREND». Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2018;28(5):67–76. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-5-67-76</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kardasheva S.S., Kartavenko I.M., Maksimova N.B., Yurieva E.Yu., Popova I.R., Pavlov Ch.S., et al. Efficacy of trime-butine maleate (Trimedat®) in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia: Results of the “TREND” observational study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2018;28(5):67–76. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-5-67-76</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kountouras J., Gavalas E., Papaefthymiou A., Tsechelidis I., Polyzos S.A., Bor S., et al. Trimebutine maleate monotherapy for functional dyspepsia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled prospective trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(7):339. DOI: 10.3390/medicina56070339</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kountouras J., Gavalas E., Papaefthymiou A., Tsechelidis I., Polyzos S.A., Bor S., et al. Trimebutine maleate monotherapy for functional dyspepsia: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled prospective trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(7):339. DOI: 10.3390/medicina56070339</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y.J., Bang C.S., Baik G.H., Park T.Y., Shin S.P., Suk K.T., et al. Prokinetics for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):83. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0639-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y.J., Bang C.S., Baik G.H., Park T.Y., Shin S.P., Suk K.T., et al. Prokinetics for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):83. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0639-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свистунов А.А., Буторова Л.И., Осадчук М.А., Киреева Н.В., Токмулина Г.М., Ардатская М.Д. Синдром билиарной боли в свете Римских критериев IV: рациональный подход к выбору спазмолитической терапии в клинической практике. Доказательная гастроэнтерология. 2018;7(2):59–69. DOI: 10.17116/dokgastro20187259</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svistunov A.A., Butorova L.I., Osadchuk M.A., Kireeva N.V., Tokmulina G.M., Ardatskaya M.D. The biliary pain syndrome in the context of Rome IV criteria: the rational approach to the choice of spasmolytic therapy in the clinical practice. Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2018;7(2):59–69. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17116/dokgastro20187259</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Павлов Ч.С., Попова И.Р., Шульпекова Ю.О. Тримебутина малеат в лечении функциональных билиарных расстройств: результаты наблюдательного исследования Tribune. Медицинский Совет. 2018;21:117–25. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2018-21-117-125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Pavlov C.S., Popova I.R., Shulpekova Yu.O. Trimebutine maleate in the treatment of functional biliary disorders: Tribune study results. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2018;21:117–25. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2018-21-117-125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковенко Э.П., Агафонова Н.А., Яковенко А.В., Иванов А.Н., Каграманова А.В. Агонист опиатных рецепторов тримебутин в терапии функциональных расстройств желчного пузыря и сфинктера Одди. Лечащий Врач. 2014;2:56–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovenko E.P., Agafonova N.A., Yakovenko A.V., Ivanov A.N., Kagramanova A.V. Оpioid receptors agonist Trimebutine in treatment of functional gallbladder and Oddy's sphincter disorders. Lechaschi Vrach. 2014;2:56–60. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitton V., Delpy R., Gasmi M., Lesavre N., Abou-Berdugo E., Desjeux A., et al. Is endoscopic sphincterotomy avoidable in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20(1):15–21. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282eeb4a1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitton V., Delpy R., Gasmi M., Lesavre N., Abou-Berdugo E., Desjeux A., et al. Is endoscopic sphincterotomy avoidable in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20(1):15–21. DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3282eeb4a1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андреев Д.Н., Маев И.В. Эффективность тримебутина в рамках лечения функциональных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта и желчных путей: наблюдательное многоцентровое исследование. Терапевтический архив. 2021;93(8):897–903. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200919</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreev D.N., Maev I.V. Efficacy of trimebutine in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: an observational multicenter study. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2021;93(8):897–903. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200919</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogawa N., Nakajima S., Tamada K., Yokoue N., Tachibana H., Okazawa M., et al. Trimebutine suppresses Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signaling pathways in macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2021;711:109029. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogawa N., Nakajima S., Tamada K., Yokoue N., Tachibana H., Okazawa M., et al. Trimebutine suppresses Toll-like receptor 2/4/7/8/9 signaling pathways in macrophages. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2021;711:109029. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корниенко Е.А., Типикина М.Ю., Кубалова С.С., Карпинчук Д.Н., Паролова Н.И. Новые аспекты механизмов развития и лечения синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Вопросы практической педиатрии. 2011;6(5):8–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kornienko E.A., Tipikina M.Yu., Kubalova S.S., Karpinchuk D.N., Parolova N.I. New aspects of the mechanisms of development and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii. 2011;6(5):8–14. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao M., Zuou H., Zhu Y., Chen Y. Effect of trimebutine maleate tablets on serum TNF-α, IL-23, ESR, D-D ulcerative colitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics. 2017;6:204–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao M., Zuou H., Zhu Y., Chen Y. Effect of trimebutine maleate tablets on serum TNF-α, IL-23, ESR, D-D ulcerative colitis in patients with ulcerative colitis. Chinese Journal of Biochemical Pharmaceutics. 2017;6:204–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu J., Hu C., Jiang Q., Pan H., Shen H., Schachner M. Trimebutine, a small molecule mimetic agonist of adhesion molecule L1, contributes to functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Dis Model Mech. 2017;10(9):1117–28. DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu J., Hu C., Jiang Q., Pan H., Shen H., Schachner M. Trimebutine, a small molecule mimetic agonist of adhesion molecule L1, contributes to functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Dis Model Mech. 2017;10(9):1117–28. DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvioli B. Trimebutine : A state-of-the-art review. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2019;65(3):229–38. DOI: 10.23736/S1121-421X.19.02567-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvioli B. Trimebutine : A state-of-the-art review. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2019;65(3):229–38. DOI: 10.23736/S1121-421X.19.02567-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трухан Д.И., Гришечкина И.А., Быховцев Н.А. Тримебутин в лечении синдрома раздраженного кишечника и других функциональных гастроинтестинальных расстройств. Медицинский совет. 2016;19:82–6. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2016-19-82-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trukhan D.I., Grishechkina I.A., Bykhovtsev N.A. Trimebutin in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and other functional gastrointestinal disorders. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2016;19:82–6. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2016-19-82-86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kountouras J., Chatzopoulos D., Zavos C., Boura P., Venizelos J., Kalis A. Efficacy of trimebutine therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology. 2002;49(43):193–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kountouras J., Chatzopoulos D., Zavos C., Boura P., Venizelos J., Kalis A. Efficacy of trimebutine therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology. 2002;49(43):193–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nogi K., Haruma K., Taniguchi H., Yomota E., Okajima M., Hananoki M., et al. Duodenogastric reflux following cholecystectomy in the dog: Role of antroduodenal motor function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(8):1233–8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01035.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nogi K., Haruma K., Taniguchi H., Yomota E., Okajima M., Hananoki M., et al. Duodenogastric reflux following cholecystectomy in the dog: Role of antroduodenal motor function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(8):1233–8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01035.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
