<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1575</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современный взгляд на бактериальные осложнения при циррозе печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern concept of bacterial complications at liver cirrhosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаркова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маевская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayevskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В., Ивашкин В.Т., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zharkova M.S., Mayevskaya M.V., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1575">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1575</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Рассмотреть основные механизмы развития бактериальных инфекций при циррозе печени (ЦП), их последствия, методы диагностики и профилактики.Основные положения. Бактериальные инфекции обусловливают высокую смертность у больных циррозом печени. Эта категория пациентов чаще других среди госпитализированных больных предрасположена к возникновению инфекций в связи с нарушением функционирования иммунной системы наряду с усилением пассажа бактерий из кишечника, что, в свою очередь, зависит от изменений иммунных свойств последнего и избыточного бактериального роста. Бактериальная транслокация даже без клинических признаков инфекции приводит к ухудшению гемодинамического статуса у больных с декомпенсацией функции печени, что лежит в основе прогрессирования портальной гипертензии и гепаторенального синдрома. Связанный с бактериальным осложнением провоспалительный ответ вызывает усиление печеночной недостаточности, энцефалопатии, нарушение в системе свертывания крови, являясь при этом триггером желудочно­кишечного кровотечения.Заключение. Бактериальные инфекции – важная причина морбидности и смертности среди пациентов с ЦП, что обусловлено, в первую очередь, иммунокомпроментированным состоянием таких больных. Профилактика, ранняя диагностика и своевременное лечение инфекционных осложнений значительно повышают выживаемость больных. C целью воздействия на избыточный бактериальный рост и бактериальную транслокацию можно использовать различные методы профилактики, включая назначение антибиотиков, пре­ и пробиотиков, желч­ных кислот. Каждый из этих способов доказал свою эффективность в научных исследованиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To carry over for consideration the basic mechanisms of bacterial infections at liver cirrhosis (LC), their consequences, methods of diagnostics and prophylaxis.</p></sec><sec><title>Original positions</title><p>Original positions. Bacterial infections is a cause of high mortality in liver cirrhosis patients. These patients are more predisposed to infections than others hospital patients due to disorders of immune system along with bacterial translocation from intestine, that, in turn, depends on immune changes of the latter and bacterial overgrowth. Bacterial translocation even without clinical signs of infection results in deterioration of hemodynamic status at patients with liver function decompensation that causes progression of portal hypertension and hepatorenal syndrome. Proinflammatory response related to bacterial complication stimulates progression of liver failure, encephalopathy, disorders in blood coagulation system, thus triggering gastro-intestinal bleeding.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Bacterial infections is the important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with LC that is caused, first of all, by immune-compromised state. Prophylaxis, early diagnostics and well-timed treatment of infections considerably increase survival rate of these patients. Various methods of prophylaxis, including the use of antibiotics, pre- and probiotics, bile acids can be applied to alter bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation. Each of these methods proved its efficacy in scientific studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>бактериальная транслокация</kwd><kwd>избыточный бактериальный рост</kwd><kwd>проницаемость кишечной стенки</kwd><kwd>гипердинамический тип кровообращения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial infections</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>bacterial translocation</kwd><kwd>bacterial overgrowth</kwd><kwd>permeability of intestinal wall</kwd><kwd>hyperdynamic type of circulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т. Осложнения портальной гипертензии при циррозе печени // Рос. физиол. журн. им. И.М. Сеченова. – 2009. – Т. 95, № 10. – 1088 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ивашкин В.Т. Осложнения портальной гипертензии при циррозе печени // Рос. физиол. журн. им. И.М. Сеченова. – 2009. – Т. 95, № 10. – 1088 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосьина Е.А., Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В. Бактериальная кишечная микрофлора и заболевания печени // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. – 2009. – Т. 19, № 6. – С. 73–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федосьина Е.А., Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В. Бактериальная кишечная микрофлора и заболевания печени // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. – 2009. – Т. 19, № 6. – С. 73–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосьина Е.А., Маевская М.В. Спонтанный бактериальный перитонит. Клиника, диагностика, лечение,профилактика // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол.колопроктол. – 2007. – Т. 17, № 2. – С. 4–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федосьина Е.А., Маевская М.В. Спонтанный бактериальный перитонит. Клиника, диагностика, лечение,профилактика // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол.колопроктол. – 2007. – Т. 17, № 2. – С. 4–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albillos A., de-la-Hera A., Alvarez-Mon M. Serumlipopolysaccharide-binding protein prediction of severebacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites //Lancet. – 2004. – Vol. 363. – P. 1608–1610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albillos A., de-la-Hera A., Alvarez-Mon M. Serumlipopolysaccharide-binding protein prediction of severebacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with ascites //Lancet. – 2004. – Vol. 363. – P. 1608–1610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amitrano L., Guardascione M.A., Brancaccio V.,Balzano A. Coagulation disorders in liver disease //Semin. Liver Dis. – 2002. – Vol. 22. – P. 83–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amitrano L., Guardascione M.A., Brancaccio V.,Balzano A. Coagulation disorders in liver disease //Semin. Liver Dis. – 2002. – Vol. 22. – P. 83–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bellot P., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Frances R. et al. Bacterial translocation induces proinflammatory cytokines and worsens systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with ascites // J. Hepatol. – 2007. – Vol. 46. – P. 90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bellot P., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Frances R. et al. Bacterial translocation induces proinflammatory cytokines and worsens systemic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with ascites // J. Hepatol. – 2007. – Vol. 46. – P. 90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg R.D., Garlington A.W. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model // Infect. Immun. – 1979. – Vol. 23.– P. 403–411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berg R.D., Garlington A.W. Translocation of certain indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes and other organs in a gnotobiotic mouse model // Infect. Immun. – 1979. – Vol. 23.– P. 403–411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cirera I., Bauer T.M., Navasa M. et al. Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis// J. Hepatol. – 2001. – Vol. 34. – P. 32–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cirera I., Bauer T.M., Navasa M. et al. Bacterial translocation of enteric organisms in patients with cirrhosis// J. Hepatol. – 2001. – Vol. 34. – P. 32–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez J., Navasa M., Gomez J. et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis //Hepatology. – 2002. – Vol. 35. – P. 140–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez J., Navasa M., Gomez J. et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis //Hepatology. – 2002. – Vol. 35. – P. 140–148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrett N. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis improves survival in cirrhosis // Am. J. Gastroenterology. – 2009.– Vol. 104. – P. 993–1001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrett N. Oral antibiotic prophylaxis improves survival in cirrhosis // Am. J. Gastroenterology. – 2009.– Vol. 104. – P. 993–1001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guarner C., Gonzalez-Navajas J.M., Sanchez E. et al. The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats withCCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation // Hepatology. – 2006.– Vol. 44. – P. 633–639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guarner C., Gonzalez-Navajas J.M., Sanchez E. et al. The detection of bacterial DNA in blood of rats withCCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites represents episodes of bacterial translocation // Hepatology. – 2006.– Vol. 44. – P. 633–639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guarner C., Runyon B.A., Young S. et al. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites // J. Hepatol. – 1997.– Vol. 26. – P. 1372–1378.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guarner C., Runyon B.A., Young S. et al. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites // J. Hepatol. – 1997.– Vol. 26. – P. 1372–1378.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gunnarsdottir S.A., Sadik R., Shev S. et al. Small intestinal motility disturbances and bacterial overgrowth inpatients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension // Am.J. Gastroenterol. – 2003. – Vol. 98. – P. 1362–1370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gunnarsdottir S.A., Sadik R., Shev S. et al. Small intestinal motility disturbances and bacterial overgrowth inpatients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension // Am.J. Gastroenterol. – 2003. – Vol. 98. – P. 1362–1370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashimoto N., Ohyanagi H. Effect of acute portal hypertension on gut mucosa // Hepatogastroenterology.– 2002. – Vol. 49. – P. 1567–1570.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashimoto N., Ohyanagi H. Effect of acute portal hypertension on gut mucosa // Hepatogastroenterology.– 2002. – Vol. 49. – P. 1567–1570.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henriksen J.H., Moller S. Cardiac and systemic haemodynamic complications of liver cirrhosis // Scand.Cardiovasc. J. – 2009. – Vol. 43, N 4. – P. 218–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henriksen J.H., Moller S. Cardiac and systemic haemodynamic complications of liver cirrhosis // Scand.Cardiovasc. J. – 2009. – Vol. 43, N 4. – P. 218–225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong W.I., Gao B. Innate immunity and alcoholic liver fibrosis // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2008. – Vol. 23(suppl. 1). – P. 112–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong W.I., Gao B. Innate immunity and alcoholic liver fibrosis // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2008. – Vol. 23(suppl. 1). – P. 112–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leber B., Mayrhauser U., Rybczynski M., Stadlbauer V. Innate immune dysfunction in acute and chronic liver disease. – Springer-Verlag, 2009. – P. 23–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leber B., Mayrhauser U., Rybczynski M., Stadlbauer V. Innate immune dysfunction in acute and chronic liver disease. – Springer-Verlag, 2009. – P. 23–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Llovet J.M., Bartoli R., March F. et al. Translocated intestinal bacteria cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic rats: molecular epidemiological evidence //J. Hepatol. – 1998. – Vol. 28. – P. 307–313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Llovet J.M., Bartoli R., March F. et al. Translocated intestinal bacteria cause spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic rats: molecular epidemiological evidence //J. Hepatol. – 1998. – Vol. 28. – P. 307–313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorenzo-Zuniga V., Bartoli R., Planas R. et al. Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation and endotoxaemia in cirrhotic rats // Hepatology.– 2003. – Vol. 37. – P. 551–557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorenzo-Zuniga V., Bartoli R., Planas R. et al. Oral bile acids reduce bacterial overgrowth, bacterial translocation and endotoxaemia in cirrhotic rats // Hepatology.– 2003. – Vol. 37. – P. 551–557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pande C., Kumar A., Sarin S.K. Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2009.– Vol. 29. – P. 1273–1281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pande C., Kumar A., Sarin S.K. Small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth in cirrhosis is related to the severity of liver disease // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2009.– Vol. 29. – P. 1273–1281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiller L.R. Evaluation of small bowel bacterial overgrowth // Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. – 2007.– Vol. 9. – P. 373–377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiller L.R. Evaluation of small bowel bacterial overgrowth // Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. – 2007.– Vol. 9. – P. 373–377.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandon P., Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis // Semin. Liver Dis.– 2008. – Vol. 28, N 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandon P., Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis // Semin. Liver Dis.– 2008. – Vol. 28, N 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tandon P., Moncrief K., Madsen K. et al. Effects of probiotic therapy on portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis: a pilot study // Liver Int. – 2009. – Vol. 29.– P. 1110–1115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tandon P., Moncrief K., Madsen K. et al. Effects of probiotic therapy on portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis: a pilot study // Liver Int. – 2009. – Vol. 29.– P. 1110–1115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turnes J., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Abraldes J.G. et al. Pharmacological reduction of portal pressure and longterm risk of first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol. 101.– P. 506–512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turnes J., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Abraldes J.G. et al. Pharmacological reduction of portal pressure and longterm risk of first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol. 101.– P. 506–512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wells C.L. Colonization and translocation of intestinal bacterial flora // Transplant. Proc. – 1996. – Vol. 28.– P. 2653–2656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wells C.L. Colonization and translocation of intestinal bacterial flora // Transplant. Proc. – 1996. – Vol. 28.– P. 2653–2656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiest R., Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial translocation(BT) in cirrhosis // Hepatology. – 2005. – Vol. 41.– P. 422–433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiest R., Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial translocation(BT) in cirrhosis // Hepatology. – 2005. – Vol. 41.– P. 422–433.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeh D.C., Wu C.C., Ho W.M. et al. Bacterial translocation after cirrhotic liver resection: a clinical investigation of 181 patients // J. Surg. Res. – 2003.– Vol. 111. – P. 209–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeh D.C., Wu C.C., Ho W.M. et al. Bacterial translocation after cirrhotic liver resection: a clinical investigation of 181 patients // J. Surg. Res. – 2003.– Vol. 111. – P. 209–214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zapater P., Francés R., González-Navajas J.M. et al. Serum and ascitic fluid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis // Hepatology. – 2008. – Vol. 48, N 6.– P. 1924–1931.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zapater P., Francés R., González-Navajas J.M. et al. Serum and ascitic fluid bacterial DNA: a new independent prognostic factor in noninfected patients with cirrhosis // Hepatology. – 2008. – Vol. 48, N 6.– P. 1924–1931.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S.C., Wang W., Ren W.Y. et al. Effects of cisapride on intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation in cirrhotic rats // Chung Hua Kan TsangPing Tsa Chih. – 2003. – Vol. 11. – P. 539–541</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S.C., Wang W., Ren W.Y. et al. Effects of cisapride on intestinal bacterial and endotoxin translocation in cirrhotic rats // Chung Hua Kan TsangPing Tsa Chih. – 2003. – Vol. 11. – P. 539–541</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
