<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1590</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГОВ, ГЕПАТОЛОГОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL COLLEGE OF GASTROENTEROLOGISTS, HEPATOLOGISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные возможности и перспективы лечения резистентных форм гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern options and prospects of treatment of resistant forms of gastroesophageal reflux disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шептулин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheptulin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ГОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Росздрава»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шептулин А.А., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шептулин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sheptulin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1590">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1590</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Обсудить факторы, способствующие формированию резистентности при лечении гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (ГЭРБ), и возможные способы ее преодоления.Основные положения. Показано, что причины формирования резистентных форм ГЭРБ многообразны и связаны как с субъективными факторами (недостаточная приверженность больных к лечению), так и с объективными («ночные кислотные прорывы», эпизоды некислотного рефлюкса и др.). Возможности лечения резистентных форм ГЭРБ включают в себя повышение доз ингибиторов протонной помпы (ИПП), применение в необходимых случаях парентеральных способов их введения, комбинацию с Н2-блокаторами. Дальнейшие перспективы улучшения результатов применения кислотосупрессивных препаратов связаны с созданием новых поколений ИПП.Заключение. Резистентные формы ГЭРБ нередко встречаются в клинической практике. В настоящее время существуют различные возможности повышения эффективности их лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To discuss the factors promoting resistance of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) to treatment and possible ways to overcome this phenomenon.</p></sec><sec><title>Original positions</title><p>Original positions. It was demonstrated, that the causes of resistant forms of GERD are diverse and connected related both to subjective factors (poor patient compliance) and to objective factors («night acid breakthrough», episodes of non-acid reflux, etc.). Potentials of treatment of resistant forms of GERD include increase of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) dose, application of parenteral forms of PPI if necessary and combination to Н2-blockers. Further prospects of improvement of acidsuppressive agents action are related to development of new generations of PPIs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Resistant forms of GERD are quite frequent in clinical practice. Now there are various options to increase treatment efficacy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd><kwd>кислотосупрессивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastroesophageal reflux disease</kwd><kwd>acidsuppressive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldi F. PPI non responsive heartburn // 15. United European Gastroenterology Week. Syllabus of the Postgraduate Teaching Programme. – Paris, 2007. – P. 143–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldi F. PPI non responsive heartburn // 15. United European Gastroenterology Week. Syllabus of the Postgraduate Teaching Programme. – Paris, 2007. – P. 143–148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardon M., Martin J., Barkun A. Intravenous proton pump inhibitors: an evidence-based review of their use in gastrointestinal disorders // Drug. – 2009. – Vol. 69. – P. 436–448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardon M., Martin J., Barkun A. Intravenous proton pump inhibitors: an evidence-based review of their use in gastrointestinal disorders // Drug. – 2009. – Vol. 69. – P. 436–448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrison A.F., Jarbe L.A., Weinberg M.D. et al. Patterns of proton pump inhibitors in clinical practice // Am. J. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 111. – P. 469–473.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrison A.F., Jarbe L.A., Weinberg M.D. et al. Patterns of proton pump inhibitors in clinical practice // Am. J. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 111. – P. 469–473.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becker V., Bajbouj M., Waller C. et al. Intraluminalimpedance guided therapy for PPI-resistant gastroesophageal reflux – A follow-up study // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56 (suppl. 3). – P. 208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becker V., Bajbouj M., Waller C. et al. Intraluminalimpedance guided therapy for PPI-resistant gastroesophageal reflux – A follow-up study // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56 (suppl. 3). – P. 208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beglinger C., Degen L., Schroller S. et al. Oral itriglumid, a speciphic CCK2/gastrin receptor antagonist, inhibits gastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans // Gut. – 2005. – Vol. 54 (suppl. 7). – P. 36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beglinger C., Degen L., Schroller S. et al. Oral itriglumid, a speciphic CCK2/gastrin receptor antagonist, inhibits gastrin stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans // Gut. – 2005. – Vol. 54 (suppl. 7). – P. 36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell N.J.V., Burget D., Howden C.W. et al. Appropriate acid suppression for the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease // Digestion. – 1992. – Vol. 51 (suppl. 1). – P. 59–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell N.J.V., Burget D., Howden C.W. et al. Appropriate acid suppression for the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease // Digestion. – 1992. – Vol. 51 (suppl. 1). – P. 59–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boeckstaens G.E., Denison H., Ruth M. Effect of AZD3355, a novel GABA(B) agonist, on reflux and lower esophageal sphincter function in patients with GERD with symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor treatment // Gut. – 2009. – Vol. 58 (supP. 2). – P. 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boeckstaens G.E., Denison H., Ruth M. Effect of AZD3355, a novel GABA(B) agonist, on reflux and lower esophageal sphincter function in patients with GERD with symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor treatment // Gut. – 2009. – Vol. 58 (supP. 2). – P. 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burget D.W., Chiverton K.D., Hunt R.H. Is there an optimal degree of acid suppression for healing of duodenal ulcers? A model of the relationship between ulcer healing and acid suppression // Gastroenterology. – 1990. – Vol. 99. – P. 345–351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burget D.W., Chiverton K.D., Hunt R.H. Is there an optimal degree of acid suppression for healing of duodenal ulcers? A model of the relationship between ulcer healing and acid suppression // Gastroenterology. – 1990. – Vol. 99. – P. 345–351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casini V., Pace F., Pallotta S. et al. Usefulness of pH-impedance monitoring (pH-Mii) in a tertiary referral centre // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56 (suppl. 3). – P. 208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casini V., Pace F., Pallotta S. et al. Usefulness of pH-impedance monitoring (pH-Mii) in a tertiary referral centre // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56 (suppl. 3). – P. 208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castell D. Review on immediate-release omeprazole for the treatment of gastric acid-relate disorders // Expert Opin. Pharmacother. – 2005. – Vol. 6. – P. 2501– 2510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castell D. Review on immediate-release omeprazole for the treatment of gastric acid-relate disorders // Expert Opin. Pharmacother. – 2005. – Vol. 6. – P. 2501– 2510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chey W.D., Inadomi J.M., Booher A.M. et al. Primary-care physician’s perceptions and practices on the management of GERD: results of a national survey // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2005. – Vol. 100. – P. 1237– 1242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chey W.D., Inadomi J.M., Booher A.M. et al. Primary-care physician’s perceptions and practices on the management of GERD: results of a national survey // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2005. – Vol. 100. – P. 1237– 1242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furuta T., Shirai N., Watanabe F. et al. Effect of cytochrome P4502C19 genotypic differences on cure rates for gastroesophageal reflux disease by lansoprasole // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2002. – Vol. 72. – P. 453– 460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furuta T., Shirai N., Watanabe F. et al. Effect of cytochrome P4502C19 genotypic differences on cure rates for gastroesophageal reflux disease by lansoprasole // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2002. – Vol. 72. – P. 453– 460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann D., Eickhoff A., Damian U. et al. Effect of intravenous application of esomeprazole 40 mg versus pantoprazole 40 mg on 24-hour intragastric pH in healthy adults // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2007. – Vol. 19. – P. 133–137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmann D., Eickhoff A., Damian U. et al. Effect of intravenous application of esomeprazole 40 mg versus pantoprazole 40 mg on 24-hour intragastric pH in healthy adults // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2007. – Vol. 19. – P. 133–137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howden C.W. Review article: immediate-release proton-pump inhibitor therapy – potential advantages // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2005. – Vol. 22. (suppl. 3). – P. 25–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howden C.W. Review article: immediate-release proton-pump inhibitor therapy – potential advantages // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2005. – Vol. 22. (suppl. 3). – P. 25–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunt R.H., Yuan Y., Yaghhoobi M. GERD: new strategies and new failures // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 72–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunt R.H., Yuan Y., Yaghhoobi M. GERD: new strategies and new failures // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 72–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inamori M., Togawa J., Iwasaki T. et al. Early effects of lafutidine or rabeprazole on intragastric acticity : which drug is more suitable for on demand use // J. Gastroenterol. – 2005. – Vol. 40. – P. 453–458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inamori M., Togawa J., Iwasaki T. et al. Early effects of lafutidine or rabeprazole on intragastric acticity : which drug is more suitable for on demand use // J. Gastroenterol. – 2005. – Vol. 40. – P. 453–458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isomoto H., Inoue M., Furusu H. et al. Lafutidine, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist vs lansoprazole in combinаtion with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori // Helicobacter. – 2003. – Vol. 8. – P. 111–119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isomoto H., Inoue M., Furusu H. et al. Lafutidine, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist vs lansoprazole in combinаtion with amoxicillin and clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori // Helicobacter. – 2003. – Vol. 8. – P. 111–119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonson C., Sjoberg F., Fandrix L. et al. A novel formulation contaning omeprazole and famotidine (OX17), provides a prompt and long-lasting control on GERD patients // Gut. – 2008. – Vol. 57 (suppl. 2). – P. 321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonson C., Sjoberg F., Fandrix L. et al. A novel formulation contaning omeprazole and famotidine (OX17), provides a prompt and long-lasting control on GERD patients // Gut. – 2008. – Vol. 57 (suppl. 2). – P. 321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lenglinger J., Eisler M. Ringhofer C. et al. Diagnostic yield of oesophageal impedance-and pH-monitoring in patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease of therapy // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56. (suppl. 3). – P. 210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lenglinger J., Eisler M. Ringhofer C. et al. Diagnostic yield of oesophageal impedance-and pH-monitoring in patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease of therapy // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56. (suppl. 3). – P. 210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macovec F., Revel L., Letari O. Characterization of antisecretory and antiulcer activity of CR-2945, a new potent and selective gastrin/CCK(B) receptor antagonist // Eur. J. Pharmacol. – 1999. – Vol. 369. – P. 81– 90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macovec F., Revel L., Letari O. Characterization of antisecretory and antiulcer activity of CR-2945, a new potent and selective gastrin/CCK(B) receptor antagonist // Eur. J. Pharmacol. – 1999. – Vol. 369. – P. 81– 90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mainie I., Tutuian R., Shay S. et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring // Gut. – 2006. – Vol. 55. – P. 1398–1402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mainie I., Tutuian R., Shay S. et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring // Gut. – 2006. – Vol. 55. – P. 1398–1402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malfertheiner P., Mönkemüller K., Wex T. GERD: endoscopic assesment: a reconcillation with symptoms // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 193–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malfertheiner P., Mönkemüller K., Wex T. GERD: endoscopic assesment: a reconcillation with symptoms // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 193–197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moayyedi P. Who pays the piper? // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 97– 101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moayyedi P. Who pays the piper? // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 97– 101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nissen W.S., Olsen K.M. Selection of proton pump inhibitors for formulari inclusion // Dis. Manage. Health Outcome. – 2007. – Vol. 15. – P. 289–298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nissen W.S., Olsen K.M. Selection of proton pump inhibitors for formulari inclusion // Dis. Manage. Health Outcome. – 2007. – Vol. 15. – P. 289–298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orr W.C., Harnish M.J. The efficacy of omeprazole twice daily with supplemental H2 blockade ad bedtime in the suppression of nocturnal oesophageal and gastric acidity // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2003. – Vol. 17. – P. 1553–1558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orr W.C., Harnish M.J. The efficacy of omeprazole twice daily with supplemental H2 blockade ad bedtime in the suppression of nocturnal oesophageal and gastric acidity // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2003. – Vol. 17. – P. 1553–1558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pace F., Riegler G., de Leone A. «True» non erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by a lower response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIS) compared to erosive reflux disease (ERD) // Gut. – 2009. – Vol. 58 (suppl. 2). – P. 282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pace F., Riegler G., de Leone A. «True» non erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by a lower response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIS) compared to erosive reflux disease (ERD) // Gut. – 2009. – Vol. 58 (suppl. 2). – P. 282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peres de la Serna J., Ruiz de Leon A., Sevilla-Mantilla C. et al. Acid breakthrough in GERD patients under proton pump inhibitors (PPI) treatment in a daily practice // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56. (suppl. 3). – P. 217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peres de la Serna J., Ruiz de Leon A., Sevilla-Mantilla C. et al. Acid breakthrough in GERD patients under proton pump inhibitors (PPI) treatment in a daily practice // Gut. – 2007. – Vol. 56. (suppl. 3). – P. 217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Periclou A.P., Goldwater R., Lee S.M. et al. A comparative pharmacodynamic study of IY-81149 versus omeprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2000. – Vol. 68. – P. 304–311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Periclou A.P., Goldwater R., Lee S.M. et al. A comparative pharmacodynamic study of IY-81149 versus omeprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease // Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2000. – Vol. 68. – P. 304–311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pezanoski J., Guanaratnam N., Cowen M. Correct and incorrect dosing of proton pump inhibitors and its impact on GERD symptoms // Gastroenterology. – 2003. – Vol. 124 (suppl.). – P. 128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pezanoski J., Guanaratnam N., Cowen M. Correct and incorrect dosing of proton pump inhibitors and its impact on GERD symptoms // Gastroenterology. – 2003. – Vol. 124 (suppl.). – P. 128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rackoff A., Agrawal A., Hila A. et al. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy // Dis. Esophagus. – 2005. – Vol. 18. – P. 370–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rackoff A., Agrawal A., Hila A. et al. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy // Dis. Esophagus. – 2005. – Vol. 18. – P. 370–373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tack J. Medical treatment: optimizing the old and introducing the new // 17. United European Gastroenterology Week. Syllabus of the Postgraduate Teaching Programme. – London, 2009. – P. 175–178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tack J. Medical treatment: optimizing the old and introducing the new // 17. United European Gastroenterology Week. Syllabus of the Postgraduate Teaching Programme. – London, 2009. – P. 175–178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tonini M., de Giorgio R., de Ponti F. Novel therapeutic strategies in acid-related disorders // Expert Opin. Ther. Patents. – 2003. – Vol. 13. – P. 639–649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tonini M., de Giorgio R., de Ponti F. Novel therapeutic strategies in acid-related disorders // Expert Opin. Ther. Patents. – 2003. – Vol. 13. – P. 639–649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tutuian R., Katz P.O., Castell D.O. Nocturnal acid breakththrough, drugs and bugs // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2004. – Vol. 16. – P. 441–463.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tutuian R., Katz P.O., Castell D.O. Nocturnal acid breakththrough, drugs and bugs // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. – 2004. – Vol. 16. – P. 441–463.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tytgat G.N. Shortcomings of the first-generation proton pump inhibitors // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tytgat G.N. Shortcomings of the first-generation proton pump inhibitors // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">– 2001. – Vol. 13. (suppl.). – P. 29–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">– 2001. – Vol. 13. (suppl.). – P. 29–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tytgat G.N.J. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: reflection ANO 2006 // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 222–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tytgat G.N.J. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: reflection ANO 2006 // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. – 2007. – Vol. 41 (suppl. 2). – P. 222–225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilder-Smith C.H., Rőhss K., Bondarov P. et al. Esomeprazole 40 mg provides faster and more effective intragastric acid control than pantoprazole 40 mg i.v.: results of a randomized study // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2004. – Vol. 20. – P. 1099–1104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilder-Smith C.H., Rőhss K., Bondarov P. et al. Esomeprazole 40 mg provides faster and more effective intragastric acid control than pantoprazole 40 mg i.v.: results of a randomized study // Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. – 2004. – Vol. 20. – P. 1099–1104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zerbib F., Roman S., Ropert A. et al. Oesophageal pH-impedance monitoring and symptom analysis in GERD: a study in patients off and on therapy // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol. 101. – P. 1956–1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerbib F., Roman S., Ropert A. et al. Oesophageal pH-impedance monitoring and symptom analysis in GERD: a study in patients off and on therapy // Am. J. Gastroenterol. – 2006. – Vol. 101. – P. 1956–1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
