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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-3-84-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-161</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НОВОСТИ КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NEWS OF COLOPROCTOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Адъювантная химиотерапия рака прямой кишки после проведенной химиолучевой терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-chemoradiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy of rectal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ледин</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ledin</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ledin@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочатков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochatkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal state autonomous institution «Treatment and rehabilitation center»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>КБ №1 МЕДСИ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical hospital #1, MEDSI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ледин Е.В., Кочатков А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ледин Е.В., Кочатков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ledin E.V., Kochatkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/161">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/161</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Представить анализ имеющихся данных о тактике медикаментозной противоопухолевой терапии после проведенной химиолучевой терапии с последующим хирургическим лечением, а также в рамках концепции «смотри и жди» при раке прямой кишки (РПК). Основное содержание. В настоящее время стандартом лечения больных РПК III стадии, после проведенной им предоперационной химиолучевой терапии, является адъювантная химиотерапия. Однако при детальном анализе, у данной группы пациентов адъювантная химиотерапия имеет противоречивые результаты и однозначного преимущества в случае отсутствия пораженных лимфатических узлов при патоморфологическом исследовании или полного регресса опухоли в результате проведенной предоперационной химиолучевой терапии не прослеживается. В мета-анализе 2015 года четырех рандомизированных исследований 3-й фазы (EORTC22921, I-CNR-RT, PROCTOR-SCRIPT, CHRONICLE) определено отсутствие значимой эффективности адъювантной химиотерапиии на основе 5-фторурацила. В нескольких рандомизированных исследованиях проводилось прямое сравнение эффективности адъювантной химиотерапии 5-фторурацилом в монорежиме и комбинации 5-фторурацила с оксалиплатином. Оценивая результаты данных исследований, можно делать вывод, что пациенты с ур I стадией заболевания или полным патоморфологическим ответом не получают значимого преимущества от адъювантной химиотерапии. Такой же вывод можно сделать и относительно пациентов с отложенной или отмененной операцией, проходящих лечение по программе «жди и смотри». В мета-анализе двенадцати работ, в которых лечение пациентов проводилось в рамках протокола «жди и смотри» с последующей химиотерапией, однозначных преимуществ адъювантной химиотерапии также показано не было. С другой стороны, химиотерапию на основе 5-фторурацила и оксалиплатина следует предлагать больным с ур III стадией заболевания и пациентам со II стадией болезни при наличии у них факторов риска. Заключение. Принимать решение о назначении адъювантной химиотерапии рекомендуется на основании результатов патоморфологического исследования и степени ответа на предоперационную химиолучевую терапию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of review. To present the analysis of available data on approach to pharmacological antineoplastic therapy at rectal cancer (RC) after chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical treatment, as well as within the «watch &amp; wait» concept. Summary. The present time adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of treatment for III stage rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery. However according to detailed analysis, in this group of patients adjuvant chemotherapy has inconsistent results and no clear-cut advantage can be found at absence of lymph node involvement according to histological study or complete tumor regression due to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The meta-analysis (2015) of 4 randomized third-phase clinical trials (EORTC 22921, I-CNR-RT, PROCTORSCRIPT, CHRONICLE) demonstrated the lack of significant of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Efficacy of 5-fluorouracil monotherapy was directly compared to 5-fluorouracil with oxaliplatin combination in several randomized trials. Results of the studies indicate that patients with stage ypI or complete morphological response obtain no significant advantage from adjuvant chemotherapy. The same conclusion can be drawn concerning patients with postponed or cancelled surgery who received treatment within «watch &amp; wait» program. At meta-analysis of 12 studies implementing «watch &amp; wait» protocol with subsequent chemotherapy no definite advantages of adjuvant chemotherapy were demonstrated as well. On the other hand, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy should be recommended to patients with ypIII stage of the disease and II stage patients having risk factors. Conclusion. The decision to prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy seems to be correct in relation to pathologic study results and degree of preoperative chemoradiotherapy response.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак прямой кишки</kwd><kwd>адъювантная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>химиолучевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer // Nature.2012. - Jul 18. - T. 487, N7407. - P. 330-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer // Nature.2012. - Jul 18. - T. 487, N7407. - P. 330-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rectal Cancer NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 2017. - Pages p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rectal Cancer NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), 2017. - Pages p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andre T., Boni C., Mounedji-Boudiaf L., Navarro M., Tabernero J., Hickish T., Topham C., Zaninelli M., Clingan P., Bridgewater J., Tabah¬Fisch I., de Gramont A. 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