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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1620</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунный гомеостаз и иммунные заболевания печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunological homeostasis and immune diseases of liver</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкин В.Т., 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1620">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1620</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Осветить механизмы регуляции иммунного гомеостаза печени и патологических реакций, обусловливающих развитие аутоиммунных заболеваний.Основные положения. Предрасположенность к заболеванию аутоиммунным гепатитом определяется носительством аллелей HLA­DR B1*0301 или HLA­DR B1*0401. У пациентов с аутоиммунным гепатитом при отсутствии лечения и в периоде обострения обнаруживается дефицит или функциональная недостаточность CD4+ CD25+ регуляторных Т­клеток. Th1­клетки индуцируют экспрессию молекул HLA класса I на гепатоцитах, что способствует повышению восприимчивости гепатоцитов к атакам со стороны цитотоксических CD8+ Т­клеток. Th2­клетки индуцируют продукцию аутоантител В­лимфоцитами. Th17­клетки участвуют в развитии воспаления и аутоиммунной реактивности.В патогенезе первичного билиарного цирроза и первичного склерозирующего холангита могут участвовать врожденные или приобретенные дефекты экспрессии генов MDR3/ABCB4, CFTR, AE2/SLC4A2, кодирующих белки различных транспортных систем эпителия желчных протоков и канальцев. Эти генные изменения сопровождаются нарушением гидратации, алкалинизации и коллоидизации желчи, желчным тромбозом желчных канальцев, воспалительной Т­клеточной инфильтрацией, развитием холангиогенного фиброза и цирроза.Ядерный фактор NF-к­B представляет молекулярное звено, соединяющее воспалительные, иммунные, защитные и метаболические реакции, протекающие в печени; служит одним из ключевых факторов патогенетических механизмов, приводящих к развитию неалкогольного стеатогепатита и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы у человека.Заключение. Знание механизмов аутоиммунной патологии печени расширяет диагностические и клинические горизонты современного врача и дает ему новые лечебные методологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To present mechanisms of regulation of liver immunological homeostasis and pathological reactions causing autoimmune diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Original positions</title><p>Original positions. Predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis is determined by carriage of HLA-DR B1*0301 or HLA-DR B1*0401 alleles. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis receiving no treatment and relapse phase of disease have deficiency or the functional failure of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory Т-cells. Th1-cells induce expression of HLA class I molecules on hepatocytes that increases sensibility of hepatocytes to attacks of cytotoxic CD8+ Т-cells. Th2-cells induce autoantibodies production by B-lymphocytes. Th17-cells are involved in development of inflammation and autoimmune reactivity. Congenital or acquired defects of expression of MDR3/ABCB4, CFTR, AE2/SLC4A2, genes that encode proteins of various transport systems of bile duct and tubule epithelium can take part in pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. These genetic changes are accompanied by disorders of hydration, alkalinisation and colloidisation of bile, biliary thrombosis of tubules, inflammatory Т-cellular infiltration, development of cholangiogenic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Nuclear factor NF-kB represents the molecular bond bridging inflammatory, immune, protective and metabolic reactions in the liver. It is one of the key factors of pathogenic mechanisms, resulting in development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Understanding of mechanisms of autoimmune liver disease broadens diagnostic and clinical horizons of modern doctor and yields new medical methodology.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Аутоиммунный гепатит</kwd><kwd>первичный билиарный цирроз</kwd><kwd>цитотоксические Т­-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>ядерный фактор NF-к­B</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autoimmune hepatitis</kwd><kwd>primary biliary cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>cytotoxic T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>nuclear factor NF-kB</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т. Механизмы иммунной толерантности и патологии печени // Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. – 2009. – Т. 19, № 2. – С. 8–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ивашкин В.Т. 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