<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2025-1695-4615</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние комплексной терапии ингибитором протонной помпы и ребамипидом на клиническое течение и морфофункциональные изменения слизистой оболочки пищевода у пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Effect of Combined Therapy with a Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide on the Clinical Course and Morphofunctional Changes of the Esophageal Mucosa in Patients with Non-Erosive Reflux Disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-2981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макушина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makushina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макушина Анастасия Алексеевна — аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia A. Makushina — Postgraduate, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makushinanast@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухманов Александр Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гаcтроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Trukhmanov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Department of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.trukhmanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-4620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пономарев Андрей Борисович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент Института клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey B. Ponomarev — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Institute of Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Abrikosovskiy lane, 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ponomarev_a_b@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-1166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сторонова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Storonova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сторонова Ольга Андреевна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач отделения функциональной диагностики Клиники пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гаcтроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Storonova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician of the Department of Functional Diagnostics, V.Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Diseases Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">storonova_o_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-2352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Параскевова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paraskevova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Параскевова Анна Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач отделения функциональной диагностики, гаcтроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Paraskevova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician at the Department of Functional Diagnostics, V.Kh. Vasilenko Clinic of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">paraskevova_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1601-8256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермишина</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermishina</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ермишина Полина Георгиевна — студентка Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina G. Ermishina — Student, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pelageyapelagey7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2923-5466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Миронова Виктория Андреевна — студентка Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Mironova — Student, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">torimirrr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкин Владимир Трофимович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Ivashkin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макушина А.А., Трухманов А.С., Пономарев А.Б., Сторонова О.А., Параскевова А.В., Ермишина П.Г., Миронова В.А., Ивашкин В.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макушина А.А., Трухманов А.С., Пономарев А.Б., Сторонова О.А., Параскевова А.В., Ермишина П.Г., Миронова В.А., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makushina A.A., Trukhmanov A.S., Ponomarev A.B., Storonova O.A., Paraskevova A.V., Ermishina P.G., Mironova V.A., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1695">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1695</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить влияние комплексной терапии (ингибитор протонной помпы + ребамипид) на морфофункциональные изменения слизистой оболочки пищевода и клинические проявления у пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 39 пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью, которые были рандомизированы на две группы: основную, получавшую комплексную терапию ингибитором протонной помпы омепразолом (20 мг в сутки) в сочетании с ребамипидом (300 мг в сутки); и группу сравнения, которая получала монотерапию омепразолом (20 мг в сутки). Продолжительность курса терапии составила 4 недели. Все методы обследования проводились до и после лечения. Для оценки морфофункциональных показателей слизистой оболочки пищевода было проведено стандартное гистологическое исследование биоптатов слизистой оболочки пищевода путем окраски гематоксилином и эозином, межклеточные пространства оценивались при помощи морфометрии. Изменения плотных контактов оценивались по экспрессии белков плотных контактов — клаудина-1, -4 и окклюдина методом иммуногистохимии. Наличие и выраженность симптомов оценивались с применением балльной шкалы Лайкерта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В группе комплексной терапии после лечения отмечалось снижение выраженности изжоги (p &lt; 0,001) и отрыжки (p = 0,004). Симптомы изжоги отсутствовали или были слабо выражены у 63,7 % пациентов, отрыжки — у 72,4 %. В группе сравнения было выявлено статистически значимое уменьшение изжоги</p><p>(p &lt; 0,001), однако у 53 % пациентов сохранялась умеренная или значительно выраженная изжога. При анализе морфологических изменений в слизистой оболочке пищевода в группе комбинированной терапии после лечения отмечалось значительное снижение эозинофильной инфильтрации (р = 0,030). При оценке экспрессии белков плотных контактов после лечения отмечено повышение экспрессии окклюдина в обеих группах, имеющее достоверное отличие в группе монотерапии ингибитором протонной помпы (p = 0,046). Заключение. Применение комбинированной терапии в составе ингибитора протонной помпы и ребамипида является безопасным лечебным подходом, способным приводить к значительному улучшению симптомов у пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью. Комплексная терапия привела к значительному уменьшению эозинофильной инфильтрации слизистой оболочки пищевода. В обеих группах выявлено повышение экспрессии окклюдина, отвечающего за целостность межклеточных контактов. Для окончательного подтверждения клинической эффективности комбинированной терапии необходимы дополнительные клинические исследования с увеличенной выборкой и длительным периодом наблюдения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to evaluate the effect of combined therapy with a proton pump inhibitor and rebamipide on clinical manifestations and morphofunctional changes in the esophageal mucosa in patients with non-erosive reflux disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 39 patients with non-erosive reflux disease randomized into the main group (omeprazole 20 mg/day + rebamipide 300 mg/day) and the comparison group (omeprazole 20 mg/day). The duration of treatment was 4 weeks. Histological examination of esophageal mucosa biopsies (hematoxylin-eosin staining), morphometry of intercellular spaces, and immunohistochemical assessment of tight junction protein expression (claudin-1, -4, occludin) were performed. Symptoms were evaluated using the Likert scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The combined therapy group showed significant reductions in heartburn severity (p &lt; 0.001) and belching (p = 0.004), with absent/mild symptoms in 63.7 and 72.4 % of patients, respectively. In the proton pump inhibitor monotherapy group, 53 % of patients retained moderate or severe heartburn. Morphologically, the combined group demonstrated reduced eosinophilic infiltration (p = 0.030). Occludin expression increased in both groups but reached statistical significance only in the monotherapy group (p = 0.046).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The combined therapy with proton pump inhibitor and rebamipide improves symptoms and morphological outcomes in non-erosive reflux disease. Increased occludin expression suggests restored integrity of intercellular junctions. Further studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up are needed to confirm these findings.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингибиторы протонной помпы</kwd><kwd>неэрозивная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd><kwd>эпителиопротективная терапия</kwd><kwd>белки плотных контактов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>proton pump inhibitors</kwd><kwd>non-erosive reflux disease</kwd><kwd>epithelial protective therapy</kwd><kwd>tight junction proteins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Трухманов А.С., Маев И.В., Драпкина О.М., Ливзан М.А., Мартынов А.И. и др. Диагностика и лечение гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (Рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Российского научного медицинского общества терапевтов, Российского общества профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний, Научного сообщества по изучению микробиома человека). Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2024;34(5):111–35. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-5-111-135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Trukhmanov A.S., Maev I.V., Drapkina O.M., Livzan M.A., Martynov A.I., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (Clinical guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine, Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research). Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2024;34(5):111–35. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-5-111-135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nirwan J.S., Hasan S.S., Babar Z.-U.-D., Conway B.R., Ghori M.U. Global prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5814. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62795-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nirwan J.S., Hasan S.S., Babar Z.-U.-D., Conway B.R., Ghori M.U. Global prevalence and risk factors of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Systematic review with meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):5814. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62795-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Трухманов А.С., Лапина Т.Л., Сторонова О.А., Зайратьянц О.В. и др. Рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2020;30(4):70–97. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-70-97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Trukhmanov A.S., Lapina T.L., Storonova O.A., Zayratyants O.V., et al. Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association in diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2020;30(4):70–97. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-4-70-97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zerbib F., Bredenoord A.J., Fass R., Kahrilas P.J., Roman S., Savarino E., et al. ESNM/ANMS consensus paper: Diagnosis and management of refractory gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(4):e14075. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14075</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerbib F., Bredenoord A.J., Fass R., Kahrilas P.J., Roman S., Savarino E., et al. ESNM/ANMS consensus paper: Diagnosis and management of refractory gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021;33(4):e14075. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14075</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макушина А.А., Трухманов А.С., Сторонова О.А., Параскевова А.В., Ивашкин В.Т. Рефрактерная форма неэрозивной рефлюксной болезни: особенности патогенеза, диагностики и лечения. Вопросы детской диетологии. 2024;22(1):40–50. DOI: 10.20953/17275784-2024-1-40-50</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makushina A.A., Trukhmanov A.S., Storonova O.A., Paraskevova A.V., Ivashkin V.T. Refractory non-erosive reflux disease: Characteristics of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatric Nitrition. 2024;22(1):40–50. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20953/17275784-2024-1-40-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов С.Л., Мушкамбаров Н.Н. Гистология, цитология и эмбриология. 3-е изд., испр. и доп. M.: Медицинское информационное агентство, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov S.L., Mushkambarov N.N. Histology, cytology and embryology. 3rd ed., corrected and supplemented. Moscow: “Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo” Publ., 2016. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oshima T., Miwa H. Gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function and diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(8):768–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1207-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oshima T., Miwa H. Gastrointestinal mucosal barrier function and diseases. J Gastroenterol. 2016;51(8):768–78. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1207-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gweon T.G., Park J.H., Kim B.W., Choi Y.K., Kim J.S., Park S.M., et al. Additive effects of rebamipide plus proton pump inhibitors on the expression of tight junction proteins in a rat model of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Gut Liver. 2018;12(1):46–50. DOI: 10.5009/gnl17078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gweon T.G., Park J.H., Kim B.W., Choi Y.K., Kim J.S., Park S.M., et al. Additive effects of rebamipide plus proton pump inhibitors on the expression of tight junction proteins in a rat model of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Gut Liver. 2018;12(1):46–50. DOI: 10.5009/gnl17078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ustaoglu A., Nguyen A., Spechler S., Sifrim D., Souza R., Woodland P. Mucosal pathogenesis in gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(12):e14022. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustaoglu A., Nguyen A., Spechler S., Sifrim D., Souza R., Woodland P. Mucosal pathogenesis in gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(12):e14022. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Björkman E.V.C., Edebo A., Oltean M., Casselbrant A. Esophageal barrier function and tight junction expression in healthy subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: Functionality of esophageal mucosa exposed to bile salt and trypsin in vitro. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(10):1118–26. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.828772</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Björkman E.V.C., Edebo A., Oltean M., Casselbrant A. Esophageal barrier function and tight junction expression in healthy subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: Functionality of esophageal mucosa exposed to bile salt and trypsin in vitro. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013;48(10):1118–26. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.828772</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farré R., Fornari F., Blondeau K., Vieth M., De Vos R., Bisschops R., et al. Acid and weakly acidic solutions impair mucosal integrity of distal exposed and proximal non-exposed human oesophagus. Gut. 2010;59(2):164–9. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.194191</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farré R., Fornari F., Blondeau K., Vieth M., De Vos R., Bisschops R., et al. Acid and weakly acidic solutions impair mucosal integrity of distal exposed and proximal non-exposed human oesophagus. Gut. 2010;59(2):164–9. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.194191</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Malenstein H., Farré R., Sifrim D. Esophageal dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) and nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(4):1021–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01688.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Malenstein H., Farré R., Sifrim D. Esophageal dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) and nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(4):1021–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01688.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caviglia R., Ribolsi M., Gentile M., Rabitti C., Emerenziani S., Guarino M.P.L., et al. Dilated intercellular spaces and acid reflux at the distal and proximal oesophagus in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(5):629–36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03237.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caviglia R., Ribolsi M., Gentile M., Rabitti C., Emerenziani S., Guarino M.P.L., et al. Dilated intercellular spaces and acid reflux at the distal and proximal oesophagus in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(5):629–36. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03237.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X., Oshima T., Shan J., Fukui H., Watari J., Miwa H. Bile salts disrupt human esophageal squamous epithelial barrier function by modulating tight junction proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012;303(2):199–208. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X., Oshima T., Shan J., Fukui H., Watari J., Miwa H. Bile salts disrupt human esophageal squamous epithelial barrier function by modulating tight junction proteins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2012;303(2):199–208. DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00454.2011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демура Т.А. Пищевод Барретта как предраковое состояние, особенности экспрессии опухолевых маркеров: дис. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demura T.A. Barrett’s esophagus as a precancerous condition, features of tumor marker expression: Cand. Sci. (Med.) Dissertation. Moscow, 2008. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng E., Zhang X., Huo X., Yu C., Zhang Q., Wang D.H., et al. Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut. 2013;62(6):824–32. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng E., Zhang X., Huo X., Yu C., Zhang Q., Wang D.H., et al. Omeprazole blocks eotaxin-3 expression by oesophageal squamous cells from patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis and GORD. Gut. 2013;62(6):824–32. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Лапина Т.Л., Маев И.В., Драпкина О.М., Козлов Р.С., Шептулин А.А. и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Научного сообщества по содействию клиническому изучению микробиома человека, Российского общества профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний, Межрегиональной ассоциации по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии по диагностике и лечению H. pylori у взрослых. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022;32(6):72–93. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-6-72-93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Lapina T.L., Maev I.V., Drapkina O.M., Kozlov R.S., Sheptulin A.A., et al. Clinical practice guidelines of Russian Gastroenterological Association, Scientific Society for the Clinical Study of Human Microbiome, Russian Society for the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy for H. pylori diagnostics and treatment in adults. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022;32(6):72–93. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-6-72-93</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakurai K., Sasabe H., Koga T., Konishi T. Mechanism of hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide: Identification of mono-hydroxylated rebamipide as a major reaction product. Free Radic Res. 2004;38(5):487–94. DOI: 10.1080/1071576042000209808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakurai K., Sasabe H., Koga T., Konishi T. Mechanism of hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide: Identification of mono-hydroxylated rebamipide as a major reaction product. Free Radic Res. 2004;38(5):487–94. DOI: 10.1080/1071576042000209808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naito Y., Yoshikawa T., Tanigawa T., Sakurai K., Yamasaki K., Uchida M., et al. Hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide and related compounds: Electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;18(1):117–23. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)00110-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naito Y., Yoshikawa T., Tanigawa T., Sakurai K., Yamasaki K., Uchida M., et al. Hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide and related compounds: Electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995;18(1):117–23. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)00110-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naito Y., Yoshikawa T. Rebamipide: A gastrointestinal protective drug with pleiotropic activities. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(3):261–70. DOI: 10.1586/egh.10.25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naito Y., Yoshikawa T. Rebamipide: A gastrointestinal protective drug with pleiotropic activities. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(3):261–70. DOI: 10.1586/egh.10.25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arakawa T., Higuchi K., Fujiwara Y., Watanabe T., Tominaga K., Sasaki E., et al. 15th anniversary of rebamipide: Looking ahead to the new mechanisms and new applications. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(Suppl 1):S3–11. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2800-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arakawa T., Higuchi K., Fujiwara Y., Watanabe T., Tominaga K., Sasaki E., et al. 15th anniversary of rebamipide: Looking ahead to the new mechanisms and new applications. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(Suppl 1):S3–11. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2800-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon S.M., Ji J.W., Kim D.H., Kim H.W., Kim K.B., Choi S., et al. 11 — The effect of rebamipide in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, including non-erosive reflux disease: A multi-center, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6 Suppl 1):S-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(19)36783-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon S.M., Ji J.W., Kim D.H., Kim H.W., Kim K.B., Choi S., et al. 11 — The effect of rebamipide in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, including non-erosive reflux disease: A multi-center, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(6 Suppl 1):S-5. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(19)36783-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yerian L., Fiocca R., Mastracci L., Riddell R., Vieth M., Sharma P., et al. Refinement and reproducibility of histologic criteria for the assessment of microscopic lesions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: The Esohisto project. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(9):2656–65. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1624-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yerian L., Fiocca R., Mastracci L., Riddell R., Vieth M., Sharma P., et al. Refinement and reproducibility of histologic criteria for the assessment of microscopic lesions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: The Esohisto project. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(9):2656–65. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1624-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiocca R., Mastracci L., Riddell R., Takubo K., Vieth M., Yerian L., et al. Development of consensus guidelines for the histologic recognition of microscopic esophagitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: The Esohisto project. Hum Pathol. 2010;41(2):223–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiocca R., Mastracci L., Riddell R., Takubo K., Vieth M., Yerian L., et al. Development of consensus guidelines for the histologic recognition of microscopic esophagitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: The Esohisto project. Hum Pathol. 2010;41(2):223–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong S.J., Park S.H., Moon J.S., Shin W.G., Kim J.G., Lee Y.C., et al. The benefits of combination therapy with esomeprazole and rebamipide in symptom improvement in reflux esophagitis: An international multicenter study. Gut Liver. 2016;10(6):910–6. DOI: 10.5009/gnl15537</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong S.J., Park S.H., Moon J.S., Shin W.G., Kim J.G., Lee Y.C., et al. The benefits of combination therapy with esomeprazole and rebamipide in symptom improvement in reflux esophagitis: An international multicenter study. Gut Liver. 2016;10(6):910–6. DOI: 10.5009/gnl15537</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshida N., Kamada K., Tomatsuri N., Suzuki T., Takagi T., Ichikawa H., et al. Management of recurrence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Synergistic effect of rebamipide with 15 mg lansoprazole. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(12):3393–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1166-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshida N., Kamada K., Tomatsuri N., Suzuki T., Takagi T., Ichikawa H., et al. Management of recurrence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Synergistic effect of rebamipide with 15 mg lansoprazole. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(12):3393–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1166-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.J., Kim N., Park J.H., Kim Y.S., Lee S.M., Lee D.H., et al. Comparison of tight junction protein-related gene mRNA expression levels between male and female gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. Gut Liver. 2018;12(4):411–9. DOI: 10.5009/gnl17419</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.J., Kim N., Park J.H., Kim Y.S., Lee S.M., Lee D.H., et al. Comparison of tight junction protein-related gene mRNA expression levels between male and female gastroesophageal reflux disease patients. Gut Liver. 2018;12(4):411–9. DOI: 10.5009/gnl17419</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asaoka D., Miwa H., Hirai S., Ohkawa A., Kurosawa A., Kawabe M., et al. Altered localization and expression of tight-junction proteins in a rat model with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2005;40(8):781–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-005-1628-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asaoka D., Miwa H., Hirai S., Ohkawa A., Kurosawa A., Kawabe M., et al. Altered localization and expression of tight-junction proteins in a rat model with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. J Gastroenterol. 2005;40(8):781–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-005-1628-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oguro M., Koike M., Ueno T., Asaoka D., Mori H., Nagahara A., et al. Dissociation and dispersion of claudin-3 from the tight junction could be one of the most sensitive indicators of reflux esophagitis in a rat model of the disease. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(5):629–38. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0390-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oguro M., Koike M., Ueno T., Asaoka D., Mori H., Nagahara A., et al. Dissociation and dispersion of claudin-3 from the tight junction could be one of the most sensitive indicators of reflux esophagitis in a rat model of the disease. J Gastroenterol. 2011;46(5):629–38. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0390-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
