gastro-jРоссийский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологииRussian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology1382-43762658-6673«Gastro» LLC10.22416/1382-4376-2017-27-5-4-10gastro-j-175Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫLECTURES AND REVIEWSКишечный микробиом - основной фактор поддержания здоровья и развития болезней человекаINTESTINAL MICROBIOME - A LEADING FACTOR IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASESХубертЕ. БлюмHubertE. Blumhubert.blum@uniklinik-freiburg.deКлиника Фрайбургского университетаРоссияUniversity Hospital FreiburgRussian Federation201712082018275410Copyright © Хуберт Е.Б., 20182018Хуберт Е.Б.Hubert E.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/175

Цель обзора. Отразить современные представления о роли микробиома в поддержании здоровья человека и развитии различных заболеваний. Краткое содержание. Благодаря современным достижениям молекулярной и клеточной биологии существенно расширились наши представления о патогенезе многих заболеваний человека и разработаны новые подходы к их диагностике, лечению и профилактике. На основе результатов современных молекулярных, генетических, эпигенетических, микробиологических и биохимических исследований стало возможным, с одной стороны, изучать точечные мутации и варианты полиморфизма отдельных нуклеотидов в рамках полногеномного анализа, с другой - с помощью высокоточного анализа и других методик проводить одновременное исследование тысяч генов (анализ ДНК) или их производных (РНК и белки) с созданием индивидуального профиля самих генов или их экспрессии («генетическая подпись»), а также осуществлять анализ индивидуального микробиома пациента с оценкой его патогенного потенциала. Подобные исследования позволяют все чаще проводить оценку индивидуальной предрасположенности к заболеваниям, прогноза болезни и эффективности выбранной стратегии лечения («персонализированная медицина»). Заключение. Исследование микробиома человека, а также полногеномные исследования способствуют достижению новых успехов в диагностике, лечении и профилактике заболеваний человека.

Aim: to present the modern concept of physiological and pathophysiological impact of microbiome. Summary: Major advances in molecular and cell biology significantly improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as in novel strategies for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of human diseases. Based on modern molecular, genetic, epigenetic microbiologic and biochemical studies it is, on the one hand, possible to identify disease-related point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms within genome-wide association analyses (GWAS). On the other hand, high throughput array and other technologies made it possible to simultaneously analyze thousands of genes (DNA) or gene products (RNA and proteins), resulting in an individual gene or gene expression profile (‘signature’) or to characterize the individual microbiome and its pathogenetic potential. Such data increasingly allow to define the individual disease predisposition and to predict disease prognosis as well as the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in the individual patient (‘personalized medicine’). Conclusion: Studying of human microbiome along with GWAS contributed greatly to the recent advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.