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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-1760</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXCHANG OF EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бактериальная кишечная микрофлора и заболевания печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bacterial intestinal microflora and diseases of the liver</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федосьина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedosyina</surname><given-names>Ye. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жаркова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zharkova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маевская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maevskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федосьина Е.А., Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В., 2009</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федосьина Е.А., Жаркова М.С., Маевская М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedosyina Y.A., Zharkova M.S., Maevskaya M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1760">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/1760</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Проанализировать данные литературы о применении пребиотиков в лечении метаболических нарушений при заболеваниях печени.Основные положения. Как известно, с жизнедеятельностью кишечной микрофлоры связаны многообразные функции желудочно­кишечного тракта. Нормальная микрофлора поддерживает колонизационную резистентность организма, предотвращает развитие патогенной и условно­патогенной флоры. В случае нарушения этой важнейшей функции увеличивается число и расширяется спектр потенциально патогенных микроорганизмов, их транслокация через стенку кишки, что может сопровождаться возникновением эндогенной инфекции или суперинфекции.В последнее время широко обсуждается роль избыточного бактериального роста в патогенезе неалкогольного стеатогепатита. При ожирении увеличивается поступление в печень свободных жирных кислот и формируется стеатоз печени, что рассматривается как «первый удар». Последовательно или одновременно развивается оксидативный стресс («второй удар»), который имеет место и при синдроме избыточного бактериального роста в результате повышенной эндогенной секреции этанола и липополисахаридов, стимулирующих избыточную продукцию провоспалительных цитокинов клетками Купфера. Синдром избыточного бактериального роста наряду с иммунодепрессией, изменением проницаемости кишечной стенки участвует также в патогенезе бактериальной транслокации, а затем и в развитии инфекционных осложнений при циррозе печени (ЦП).Заключение. Проведенные научные исследования продемонстрировали эффективность назначения пребиотиков (пищевых волокон) как средств, обеспечивающих нормальную работу кишечной микрофлоры, что способствует профилактике и лечению заболеваний печени, в том числе у пациентов с ЦП, избыточным бактериальным ростом, минимальной печеночной энцефалопатией, неалкогольным стеатогепатитом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To analyze the literature data on application of prebiotics in treatment of metabolic disorders at diseases of the liver.</p></sec><sec><title>Original positions</title><p>Original positions. As it is known, diverse functions of gastro-intestinal tract are related to vital activity of intestinal microflora. The normal microflora sustains colonization resistance of the body, prevents development of pathogenic and opportunistic flora. In the case of disorders of this major function the number of potentially pathogenic microorganism is increased and the spectrum extends, their translocation through intestinal wall may occur that can be accompanied by development of endogenous infection or superinfection. Recently the role of bacterial overgrowth in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is widely discussed. At obesity entry of free fatty acids in the liver is increased and steatosis of the liver develops that is considered to be «the first blow». The oxydative stress («the second blow») which takes place at bacterial overgrowth syndrome as well due to increased endogenous secretion of ethanol and lipopolysaccharides, stimulating excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines by Kupffer’s cells, educes consequtively or simultaneously. Bacterial overgrowth syndrome along with immunodepression, change of permeability of intestinal wall also participates in pathogenesis of bacterial translocation, and then — in development of infections at liver cirrhosis (LC).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Scientific studies showed efficacy of prebiotics (alimentary fibers) as the drugs providing normal activity of intestinal microflora that promotes prophylaxis and treatment of liver diseases, including at patients with the LC, bacterial overgrowth, minimal hepatic encephalopathy, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кишечная флора</kwd><kwd>бактериальная транслокация</kwd><kwd>синдром избыточного бактериального роста</kwd><kwd>патогенез неалкогольного стеатогепатита</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd><kwd>пищевые волокна</kwd><kwd>псиллиум</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intestinal flora</kwd><kwd>bacterial translocation</kwd><kwd>bacterial overgrowth syndrome</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>alimentary fibers</kwd><kwd>psyllium</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болезни печени и желчевыводящих путей: Руководство для врачей / Под ред. 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