References

gastro-j

Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии

Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology

1382-43762658-6673

«Gastro» LLC

10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-1-4-12

gastro-j-211

Research Article

ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ

LECTURES AND REVIEWS

Психобиотические эффекты пробиотиков и пребиотиков

Psychobiotic effects of probiotics and prebiotics

Ивашкин

В. Т.

Ivashkin

V. T.

noemail@neicon.ru

Ивашкин

К. В.

Ivashkin

K. V.

noemail@neicon.ru

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова»РоссияFederal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian Federation

2018

12082018

281412

2018

Ивашкин В.Т., Ивашкин К.В.

Ivashkin V.T., Ivashkin K.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/211

Цель обзора. В обзоре обсуждаются влияния пробиотиков и пребиотиков на эмоциональную, когнитивную, системную и центральную сферы психофизиологической активности у животных и людей. Микробиом- фундамент оси кишка-головной мозг. Бактериальная колонизация кишечника начинается в момент родов и представляет собой частичную копию материнской микробиоты. Кишечный микробиом - фактор формирования гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси, которая участвует в регуляции иммуномодуляции, обмена липидов, энергетического баланса и электрофизиологической активности энтеральной нервной системы. Основные положения. Сравнение эффектов пробиотиков в экспериментах на животных и в исследованиях у людей показывает их эквивалентность. Получено много экспериментальных данных, свидетельствующих о связи между приемом пробиотиков и настроением. Показано влияние пробиотиков на уровень кортизола. Свидетельство возможных иммунологических эффектов пробиотиков получено при обследовании пациентов с синдромом раздраженного кишечника, который ассоциируется с нарушениями в сигнальной оси кишка - головной мозг м изменениями микробиома. Представляют большой интерес попытки раскрыть внутренние механизмы индукции пробиотиками положительных эмоциональных сдвигов у людей. Получено подтверждение способности психобиотиков влиять на глубину эмоций. Заключение. Психобиотики оказывают положительное воздействие на настроение человека. Включение поведенческих критериев беспокойства, когнитивного контроля и угнетенного настроения в исследования позволит расширить спектр и палитру самооценки участников исследований. На системном уровне угнетение продукции кортизола и провоспалительных цитокинов психобиотиками поддерживает их положительное воздействие на настроение благодаря уменьшению выраженности системного воспаления.

Aim of review. The review is devoted to the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on emotional, cognitive, systemic and central spheres of psychophysiological activity in animals and humans. Microbiome is a basis of the gut-brain axis. The bacterial colonization of the gut is initiated at the moment of delivery and represents incomplete copy of maternal microbiota. Intestinal microbiome is a factor of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis formation that is involved in regulation of immunomodulation, lipid metabolism, energy balance and electrophysiologic activity of enteric nervous system. Summary. Comparison of probiotic affects in animal and human experimental studies demonstrates their equivalence. Many experimental data indicative of relation of probiotic intake and patients’ mood are accumulated. The effect of probiotics on cortisol level was demonstrated. The proof of possible immunologic effects of probiotics at irritable bowel syndrome that is associated with gut-brain signal axis disorders and microbiome changes was received. Attempts to reveal intrinsic mechanisms of positive emotional shifts in humans are of a great interest. Ability of psychobiotics to influence the depth of emotions is confirmed. Conclusion. Psychobiotics are capable to provide positive impact on patients’ mood. Addition of behavioral criteria of concern, cognitive control and suppressed mood to the studies will broaden spectrum and palette of a self-assessment of study participants. At a systemic level suppression of cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines production by psychobiotics maintain the positive effect on the mood due to reduction of systemic inflammation severity.

пробиотикипребиотикипсихобиотикимикробиоммикробиотаось кишка-головной мозггипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковая ось

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.