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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-3-39-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология и морфология злокачественных опухолей пищеварительного тракта в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике за 25-летний период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and morphology of malignant gastrointestinal tumors in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic for 25 years</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхакахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkhakakhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВО «Чеченский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chechen State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тхакахов А.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тхакахов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkhakakhov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/239">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/239</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить динамику заболеваемости карциномами различных отделов пищеварительного тракта в Кабардино-Балкарской Республике за 25-летний период, сравнить с российскими и мировыми эпидемиологическими показателями. Материал и методы. Изучены и статистически обработаны годовые отчёты ГУЗ «Онкологический диспансер» Минздрава Кабардино-Балкарской Республики за 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009-2014 гг., а также архивный биопсийный и послеоперационный материал ГУЗ «Патологоанатомическое бюро» Минздрава Кабардино-Балкарской Республики за 2009-2012 гг. Рассчитаны интенсивные (грубые) значения по полу и возрасту, среднегодовые темпы прироста показателей заболеваемости локачественными новообразованиями полости рта, пищевода, желудка и толстой кишки. Результаты. В Кабардино-Балкарской Республике в отличие от российских и мировых показателей отмечается уменьшение частоты развития рака полости рта и ротоглотки и особенно (более чем в 2 раза) рака пищевода. Наблюдаемые в КабардиноБалкарской Республике увеличение заболеваемости карциномой толстой кишки и уменьшение частоты развития рака желудка соответствуют этим тенденциям в других регионах, но по темпам превосходят их. И если заболеваемость раком полости рта, ротоглотки, желудка и толстой кишки среди горожан и жителей равнинных областей выше (в 1,4-2 раза), чем среди населения сельских и горных районов, то в случае с карциномой пищевода, наоборот, распространенность ее больше в горной местности (почти в 2 раза) и в городах, и в сёлах. Выводы. Установление эпидемиологических и морфологических особенностей злокачественных опухолей дает возможность клиницистам применять эффективные меры для ранней диагностики и результативного лечения, а управленческим органам системы здравоохранения разрабатывать действенные мероприятия по их профилактике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim of investigation. To study dynamics of morbidity gastrointestinal tumors in Kabardino-Balkar Republic for 25-year period, to compare to the Russian and world wide epidemiological data. Material and methods. Annual reports of oncological dispensary of Kabardino-Balkar Republic Ministry of healthcare for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2009-2014, along with archive of biopsies and postoperative specimen of Bureau of pathology for 2009-2012 are studied and statistically analyzed. Intensive (raw) scores for gender and age, annual average gain rates of oral, esophageal, stomach and colonic neoplasms incidence rate were calculated. Results. In Kabardino-Balkar Republic in contrast to all-Russia and world data decrease in oral and oropharyngeal and especially (more than double) esophageal cancer was noted. Decrease in incidence of colorectal cancer and growth - of the stomach cancer in Kabardino-Balkar Republic correspond to similar trends in other regions, but exceed them in rates. Incidence of oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases, stomach and colonic neoplasms in urban and lowland population is higher (1.4-2 times) as compared to rural and mountainous population, while for esophageal carcinoma, on the contrary, the prevalence is higher in the mountain part (almost double) both for the town and country populaiton. Conclusions. Establishment of epidemiologic and morphological features of malignant tumors gives clinicians a chance to take effective measures for early diagnostics and effective treatment, whereas healthcare administration may develop prophylactic actions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>пищеварительный тракт</kwd><kwd>Кабардино-Балкарская Республика</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu S., Powers S., Zhu W., Hannun Y. 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