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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-4-55-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-252</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прием препаратов половых гормонов как фактор риска развития внутрипеченочного холестаза беременных и билиарного сладжа у беременных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Administration of Sex Hormone Preparations as a Risk Factor in the Development of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Biliary Sludge in Pregnant Women</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенская</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspenskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии,</p><p>1199991, г. Москва, ул. Ела, д. 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jusp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского отдела женского здоровья НИЦ,</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Еланского, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Scientific Research Department of Woman’s Health</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ms_smith@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шептулин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheptulin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arkalshep@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаренко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая отделением акушерского патологии беременности № 2 клиники акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева,</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of the Obstetrical Pathology of Pregnancy No. 2, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic named after V.F. Snegirev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalgoncharenko7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой медицинской информатики и статистики Медико-профилактического факультета,</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Head of the Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Faculty of Medico-Prophylaxis</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andr-gerasim@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирасланова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amiraslanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач отделения акушерского патологии беременности № 2 клиники акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева,</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Physician, Department of the Obstetrical Pathology of Pregnancy No. 2, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic named after V.F. Snegirev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mika197506@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Успенская Ю.Б., Кузнецова И.В., Шептулин А.А., Гончаренко Н.В., Герасимов А.Н., Амирасланова М.М., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Успенская Ю.Б., Кузнецова И.В., Шептулин А.А., Гончаренко Н.В., Герасимов А.Н., Амирасланова М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Uspenskaya Y.B., Kuznetsova I.V., Sheptulin A.A., Goncharenko N.V., Gerasimov A.N., Amiraslanova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/252">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/252</self-uri><abstract><p>Препараты половых гормонов широко используются в акушерстве для лечения бесплодия и невынашивания беременности. Возможным нежелательным эффектом применения препаратов половых гормонов во время беременности является их потенциальное неблагоприятное воздействие на гепатобилиарную систему. Наиболее частой патологией печени и желчного пузыря, ассоциированной с беременностью, являются внутрипеченочный холестаз беременных (ВХБ) и билиарный сладж (БС).</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценка влияния препаратов женских половых гормонов на течение и эффективность лечения ВХБ и БС в период беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 158 беременных пациенток (97 пациенток с ВХБ и 61 пациентка с БС). Экзогенным гормональным воздействием считалось применение программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий (ВРТ) и экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) для наступления зачатия и/или применение препаратов эстрогенов и прогестерона во время беременности. ВХБ диагностировался на основании обнаружения повышенного уровня желчных кислот (выше 8 мкмоль/л) в сыворотке крови. Пациенткам проводились клинические, лабораторные и инструментальные исследования (УЗИ органов брюшной полости, включая оценку моторно-эвакуаторной функции желчного пузыря исходно и через 2 мес. лечения, и УЗИ малого таза). Выраженность кожного зуда при ВХБ оценивалась от 0 до 3 баллов. Пациентки с БС получали терапию урсодеоксихолевой кислотой (УДХК) в дозе 250–750 мг и желчегонным растительным препаратом (экстракт артишока) в течение 2 мес. Пациенткам с ВХБ проводилась терапия УДХК в дозе 500–2000 мг до родоразрешения. Биохимические лабораторные параметры в группе ВХБ оценивались через 1 и 2 недели лечения. Результаты.  Более половины пациенток с БС и ВХБ принимали препараты половых гормонов или имели беременность, наступившую после применения программ ВРТ. При ВХБ у пациенток, забеременевших после применения ВРТ, заболевание развивалось на достоверно более раннем сроке, чем у пациенток с естественно наступившей беременностью (p &lt; 0,001). Применение половых гормонов оказалось взаимосвязанным с высокой частотой рецидивирования холестаза после его регресса на фоне лечения (р &lt; 0,001). Пациентки с беременностью после программ ВРТ, а также принимавшие половые гормоны, имели повышенный риск развития БС. Прием препаратов половых гормонов (р = 0,005) у пациенток с ВХБ был ассоциирован с более частым развитием преэклампсии и необходимостью проведения кесарева сечения (р = 0,003). Применение программ ВРТ и гормональная терапия, а также наличие БС у пациенток с ВХБ оказались взаимосвязаны с окислительным стрессом. БС на фоне ВХБ был ассоциирован с развитием внутриутробной гипоксии плода. У беременных с БС прием прогестинов достоверно (p = 0,004) коррелировал с функциональными нарушениями двигательной функции желчевыводящих путей (ЖВП). При наличии БС ВХБ протекает с более выраженными нарушениями со стороны печени; при этом больные хуже отвечают на лечение УДХК. Прогностическими факторами недостаточной эффективности лечения БС оказались: применение препаратов половых гормонов во время беременности, наличие в анамнезе синдрома поликистозных яичников (СПКЯ), бóльший возраст к моменту наступления беременности и зачатие после программ ВРТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение препаратов половых гормонов и использование программ ВРТ являются дополнительными факторами, способствующими возникновению ВХБ и БС во время беременности. Беременным, принимающим препараты половых гормонов и/или имеющим беременность после программ ВРТ, целесообразно проводить лабораторный и УЗ скрининг для раннего выявления и своевременного начала лечения ВХБ и БС. Пациенткам с БС более старшего возраста, у которых беременность наступила после программ ВРТ, а также при наличии приема препаратов половых гормонов и/или имеющим СПКЯ в анамнезе могут быть необходимы более длительные или повторные курсы лечения БС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sex hormone preparations are widely used in obstetrics for the treatment of infertility and miscarriage. Possible adverse effect of sex hormone preparations during pregnancy is their potential adverse impact on the hepatobiliary system. The most common pathology of the liver and gallbladder associated with pregnancy are intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and biliary sludge (BS).</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim.  The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of female sex hormones on the course and effectiveness of treatment of ICP and BS during pregnancy. Materials and methods.  The study included 158 pregnant women (97 patients with ICP and 61 patients with BS). Exogenous hormonal effects were the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the onset of conception and/or the use of estrogen and progesterone preparations during pregnancy. ICP was diagnosed on the basis of detection of an elevated level of bile acids (above 8 μmol/L) in the blood serum. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies (abdominal ultrasound, including the assessment of gallbladder motor-evacuator function initially and after 2 months of treatment, and pelvic ultrasound). Pruritus intensity associated with ICP was assessed using a 0–3 score scale. Patients with BS received treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a dose of 250–750 mg and choleretic herbal preparation (artichoke extract) for 2 months. Patients with ICP were treated with UDCA in a dose of 500–2000 mg until delivery. Biochemical laboratory parameters in the ICP group were evaluated after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results.  More than half of patients with BS and ICP were taking sex hormone preparations or had a pregnancy that occurred after the application of ART programs. In patients who became pregnant after ART, the ICP developed at a significantly earlier time than in patients with a naturally occurring pregnancy (p &lt; 0.001). The use of sex hormones proved to be interrelated with a high frequency of cholestasis recurrence after its regression in the course of the treatment (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with pregnancy after ART programs, as well as taking sex hormones, had an increased risk of BS developement. The intake of sex hormones (p = 0.005) in patients with ICP was associated with a more frequent development of preeclampsia and the need for caesarean section (p = 0.003). The use of ART programs and hormonal therapy, as well as the presence of BS in patients with ICP, were interrelated with oxidative stress. BS on the ICP background was associated with the development of intrauterine fetal hypoxia. In pregnant women with BS, the reception of progestins was significantly (p = 0.004) correlated with functional impairment of the motor function of the biliary tract (BT). In the presence of BS, ICP occurs with more severe liver damage, and the patients are inferior to respond to UDCA treatment. Prognostic factors in the insufficient effectiveness of BS treatment: the use of sex hormone preparations during pregnancy, the presence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the anamnesis, an older age at the time of pregnancy and conception after ART.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The use of sex hormone preparations and ART programs are shown to be additional factors contributing to the emergence of ICP and BS during pregnancy. For the pregnant women taking sex hormone preparations and/or becoming pregnant after ART programs, it is important to conduct laboratory and ultrasound screening for early detection and timely treatment of ICP and BS. BC patients of older ages who have become pregnant after ART programs and take sex hormones preparations and/or have a PCOS in an anamnesis may need longer or repeated courses of BS treatment. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутрипеченочный холестаз беременных</kwd><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>женские половые гормоны</kwd><kwd>эстрогены</kwd><kwd>прогестины</kwd><kwd>билиарный сладж</kwd><kwd>вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии</kwd><kwd>экстракорпоральное оплодотворение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy</kwd><kwd>cholelithiasis</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>female sex hormones</kwd><kwd>estrogens</kwd><kwd>progestins</kwd><kwd>biliary sludge</kwd><kwd>assisted reproductive technologies</kwd><kwd>in vitro fertilization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванченкова Р.А. 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