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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-5-105-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-267</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА ГАСТРОЭНТЕРОЛОГОВ, ГЕПАТОЛОГОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL COLLEGE OF GASTROENTEROLOGISTS, HEPATOLOGISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Печень и питание. Оптимальная диета  при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Liver and Nutrition. An Optimal Diet for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маевская</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayevskaya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор  медицинских  наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский  университет)  Министерства  здравоохранения  Российской  Федерации.  </p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, I.M. Sechenov  First  Moscow  State  Medical  University  (Sechenov  University).  </p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, building 1.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liver.orc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор  медицинских  наук,  академик  РАН,  профессор,  заведующий  кафедрой  пропедевтики внутренних болезней, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый  Московский  государственный  медицинский  университет  им.  И.М.  Сеченова»  (Сеченовский  университет)  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, главный  специалист-гастроэнтеролог Министерства здравоохранения  Российской Федерации.</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), RAS Academician,  Prof., Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal  Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Chief Expert-Gastroenterologist of  the RF Ministry of Healthcare. </p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, building 1.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University).</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маевская М.В., Ивашкин В.Т., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маевская М.В., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mayevskaya M.V., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/267">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/267</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: охарактеризовать питание пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБ).</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Высококалорийная диета даже в течение короткого времени может приводить к увеличению содержания липидов в гепатоцитах и повышению значения АЛТ. Эти изменения происходят значительно раньше, чем прибавка в весе, нарушения метаболизма глюкозы и другие клинически очевидные изменения. На сегодняшний день существует положение о том, что только средиземноморская диета (или средиземноморский тип питания) имеет научные доказательства пользы для здоровья человека. Она рекомендована пациентам с НАЖБП российскими и международными клиническими рекомендациями. Молекулярные механизмы благоприятного воздействия на здоровье человека доказаны для таких компонентов средиземноморской диеты, как полифенолы, каротиноиды, олеиновая кислота, полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты и пищевые волокна. Обогащение средиземноморской диеты оливковым маслом (+10 г) снижает риск развития сахарного диабета на 40 %, добавление в пищу омега-3 жирных кислот приводит к уменьшению риска развития гепатоцеллюлярного рака. Сбалансированное соотношение омега-3/омега-6 в диете более важно, чем абсолютное количество отдельных жирных кислот. Овощи и фрукты содержат два основных класса антиоксидантов: полифенолы и каротиноиды. У пациентов с НАЖБП in vivo и in vitro они оказывают противовоспалительное и антифибротическое действие. Пища, приготовленная из цельных зерен, имеет меньший энергетический потенциал в сравнении с продуктами из очищенного зерна. Мясо содержит различные нутриенты, такие как белки, железо, цинк, витамин В12, а также натрий, насыщенные жирные кислоты и холестерин, которые служат факторами риска развития НАЖБП и других кардиометаболических отклонений. Представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента 51 года с НАЖБП и кардиометаболическими нарушениями, даны практические рекомендации по изменению образа жизни и оптимальной терапии с применением полифункциональных препаратов с воздействием на все звенья заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Понятие «правильного» или «здорового» питания, «модификации образа жизни» активно обсуждается в настоящее время как в аспекте профилактики, так и лечения заболеваний печени. Правильное питание имеет большое значение для хорошего жизненного прогноза пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБ).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This review study is aimed at characterizing the nutrition of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p></sec><sec><title>General findings</title><p>General findings. A high-calorie diet, followed even for a short period of time, can lead to an increase in the lipid content in hepatocytes and an increase in ALT values. These changes occur much earlier than weight gain, glucose metabolism disorders and other clinically obvious changes. So far, only the Mediterranean diet (or the Mediterranean type of food) has been scientifically confirmed as beneficial for human health. It is recommended for patients with NAFLD both by Russian and international clinical guidelines. The molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects on human health have been confirmed for such Mediterranean diet components as polyphenols, carotenoids, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The enrichment of the Mediterranean diet with olive oil (+10 g) reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus by 40 %. The addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to food reduces the risk of hepatocellular cancer. A balanced ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 in the diet is more important than the absolute amount of individual fatty acids. Vegetables and fruit contain two main classes of antioxidants: polyphenols and carotenoids. In patients with NAFLD, they exhibit an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro. Food produced from whole grain has a lower energy potential as compared to that produced from refined grain. Meat contains various nutrients, such as proteins, iron, zinc, B12 vitamin, as well as sodium, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which serve as risk factors for the development of NAFLD and other cardio-metabolic disorders. In this paper, we present a clinical observation of a 51-year-old patient with NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders. Practical recommendations are given on changes in his lifestyle and the choice of optimal therapy with the application of multifunctional drugs affecting all disease aspects.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The concepts of ‘correct or healthy’ nutrition and ‘lifestyle modification’ are increasingly attracting much attention both in terms of the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Proper nutrition is important for a good life prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>кардиометаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>оптимальный тип питания</kwd><kwd>фармакотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>cardio-metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>optimal nutrition</kwd><kwd>pharmacotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">http://weekjournal.ru/society/29815/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">http://weekjournal.ru/society/29815/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комова А.Г., Маевская М.В., Ивашкин В.Т. 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