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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2019-29-3-18-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Функция анального сфинктера после геморроидэктомии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anal Sphincter Function After Hemorrhoidectomy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7544-4752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьминов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzminov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских  наук, профессор, руководитель отдела общей колопроктологии с группой изучения семейного аденоматоза толстой  кишки</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Departmental  Head,  Department  of  General  Coloproctology  combined with a group for studying the Familial Adenomatous  Polyposis</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">9249591@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-6988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук,  руководитель  лаборатории  клинической  патофизиологии</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Laboratory Head,  Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fov@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9219-6976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач научно-консультативной  поликлиники</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Physician,  Research  Consultation  Clinic</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docmukhin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4697-2839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> доктор медицинских наук,  заместитель  директора</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Deputy Director,  Research Consultation Clinic</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вышегородцев</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyshegorodtsev</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела общей проктологии с группой изучения семейного аденоматоза</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of General Coloproctology with a group  for studying the Familial Adenomatous Polyposis</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королик</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolik</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат  медицинских  наук, научный сотрудник отдела общей проктологии с группой изучения семейного аденоматоза</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher, Department of General Coloproctology with a group for studying  the Familial Adenomatous Polyposis</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.korolik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минбаев</surname><given-names>Ш. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minbaev</surname><given-names>S. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>андидат медицинских  наук, врач отделения общей проктологии с группой изучения семейного аденоматоза</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician, Department of General Coloproctology with a group for studying  the Familial Adenomatous Polyposis</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minbaev@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-2599</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских  наук,  старший  научный  сотрудник  лаборатории  клинической  патофизиологии</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.  Sci.  (Med.),  Senior  Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belsvet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих»  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Center of Coloproctology named  after A.N. Ryzhykh</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьминов А.М., Фоменко О.Ю., Мухин И.А., Фролов С.А., Вышегородцев Д.В., Королик В.Ю., Минбаев Ш.Т., Белоусова С.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьминов А.М., Фоменко О.Ю., Мухин И.А., Фролов С.А., Вышегородцев Д.В., Королик В.Ю., Минбаев Ш.Т., Белоусова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzminov A.M., Fomenko O.Y., Mukhin I.A., Frolov S.A., Vyshegorodtsev D.V., Korolik V.Y., Minbaev S.T., Belousova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/288">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/288</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: представить данные о развитии подходов к геморроидэктомии, а также проанализировать функцию запирательного аппарата прямой кишки после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Геморрой является одним из самых распространенных заболеваний человека и наиболее частой причиной обращения к колопроктологу. В России распространенность его составляет 130– 145 человек на 1000 взрослого населения, а удельный вес в структуре заболеваний толстой кишки колеблется от 34 до 41 %. Несмотря на успешное применение малоинвазивных методов у пациентов с 1–3-й стадией заболевания, они малоэффективны при 4-й стадии геморроя, так как не воздействуют в полной мере на все звенья патогенеза заболевания. Так, «золотым стандартом» лечения 4-й стадии геморроя остается геморроидэктомия, направленная на ликвидацию трех основных сосудистых коллекторов. Геморроидэктомия сопровождается риском развития стриктуры и послеоперационной недостаточности анального сфинктера. В связи с этим необходима оценка функционального состояния запирательного аппарата прямой кишки после геморроидэктомии. Совершенствование геморроидэктомии, например применение ультразвукового скальпеля, позволяет выполнить геморроидэктомию без дополнительного прошивания сосудов, коагуляции, а также минимизировать травму анального сфинктера.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Возможная травматизация анального сфинктера является серьезной проблемой в хирургии анального канала. Недостаточность анального сфинктера является тяжелым заболеванием, которое часто ограничивает социальную жизнь пациента. Вопросу недостаточности анального сфинктера после геморроидэктомии не уделяется должного внимания. Реабилитационные программы не разработаны. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To generalize and present current data on the development of approaches to hemorrhoidectomy, as well as to analyse the function of the rectal closing apparatus after surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Key findings</title><p>Key findings. The haemorrhoid disease is one of the most common human diseases and the most common reason for visiting a coloproctologist. In Russia, the prevalence of haemorrhoids amounts to 130–145 people per 1,000 adult population, with its proportion in the structure of colon diseases varying from 34 to 41 %. Minimally invasive methods for treating such conditions have been shown to be effective in patients with 1–3 stage haemorrhoids. However, these methods have shown little value at stage 4 hemorrhoids, largely because they fail to affect all parts of the disease pathogenesis. Thus, hemorrhoidectomy remains to be the “gold standard” for stage 4 hemorrhoids treatment, which is aimed at eliminating the three main vascular collectors. Hemorrhoidectomy is accompanied by the risk of stricture and postoperative anal sphincter failure. In this regard, it is necessary to assess the functional state of the rectal closing apparatus after hemorrhoidectomy. Improving hemorrhoidectomy, for example, by the use of an ultrasonic scalpel, allows the hemorrhoidectomy to be performed without additional sewing of vessels and coagulation, and the injury of the anal sphincter to be minimized.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The possibility of injuring the anal sphincter is a serious problem in anal surgery. Anal sphincter incontinence is a serious illness that exacerbates the patients’ social life. Unfortunately, the issue of anal sphincter incontinence after hemorrhoidectomy is under-investigated, resulting in few rehabilitation programs. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморрой</kwd><kwd>геморроидэктомия</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>инконтиненция</kwd><kwd>недостаточность анального сфинктера</kwd><kwd>анальный сфинктер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhoids</kwd><kwd>hemorrhoidectomy</kwd><kwd>postoperative failure</kwd><kwd>incontinence</kwd><kwd>anal sphincter incontinence</kwd><kwd>anal sphincter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ривкин В.Л., Капуллер Л.Л., Дульцев Ю.В. Геморрой и другие заболевания заднепроходного канала. М.: Медицина; 1994. C. 240. [Rivkin V.L., Kapuller L.L., Dultsev Yu.V. Haemorrhoids and other diseases of anal canal. Moscow: Meditsina, 1994. P.240. 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