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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-3-24-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-470</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пробиотики и их место в современном мире</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Probiotics in the Modern World</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspenskiy</surname><given-names>Y. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Успенский Юрий Павлович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии имени профессора В.А. Вальдмана ФГБОУ ВО СПбГПМУ; профессор кафедры внутренних болезней стоматологического факультета ФГБОУ ВО «Первый СПбГМУ им.акад. И.П. Павлова»</p><p>SPIN: 7306-1228</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy P. Uspenskiy — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy named after Prof. V.A. Valdman; Prof., Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry</p><p>SPIN: 7306-1228</p><p>194100, St. Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uspenskiy65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-3813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоминых</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fominykh</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоминых Юлия Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней стоматологического факультета</p><p>SPIN: 3758-9875</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6/8.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya A. Fominykh — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Dentistry</p><p>SPIN: 3758-9875</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, Lva Tolstogo str., 6/8.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jaf@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8419-0272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наджафова</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadzhafova</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наджафова Кямаля Низамитдиновна — старший медицинский лаборант кафедры факультетской терапии имени профессора В.А. Вальдмана</p><p>SPIN: 4547-2436</p><p>194100, г. Санкт-Петербург, Литовская ул., д. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kyamalya N. Nadzhafova — Senior Medical Laboratory Assistant, Department of Faculty Therapy named after Prof. V.A. Valdman</p><p>SPIN: 4547-2436</p><p>194100, St. Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kyamalyok@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полюшкин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyushkin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полюшкин Сергей Вячеславович — кандидат медицинских наук, главный врач</p><p>143088, Московская область, Одинцовский район, поселок санатория им. А.И. Герцена, Центр реабилитации.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Polyushkin — Cand. Sci. (Med.), head physician</p><p>143088, Moscow region, Odintsovo district, A.I. Herzen sanatorium settlement, Rehabilitation Center.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kanc@rc-udprf.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University; Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр реабилитации» Управления делами Президента РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rehabilitation Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Наджафова К.Н., Полюшкин С.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Успенский Ю.П., Фоминых Ю.А., Наджафова К.Н., Полюшкин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Uspenskiy Y.P., Fominykh Y.A., Nadzhafova K.N., Polyushkin S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/470">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/470</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: осветить современную концепцию роли микробиома в функционировании организма человека, представить место пробиотиков в лечении и профилактике заболеваний, связанных с нарушением состава нормальной микробиоты.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. Микробиом — уникальная надорганизменная структура, в норме находящаяся в равновесном состоянии и выполняющая большое число разнообразных функций. При нарушении состава нормальной микробиоты на помощь приходят пробиотики — живые микроорганизмы, приносящие пользу здоровью организма хозяина при введении в адекватных количествах. Как и представители нормальной микрофлоры, пробиотические штаммы, встраиваясь в метаболизм, способны выполнять такие функции, как поддержание колонизационной резистентности, метаболизм пищевых субстратов, продукция метаболитов для макроорганизма, регуляция местного и адаптивного иммунного ответа, усиление кишечного барьера. Пробиотики применяются при различных заболеваниях, сопровождающихся нарушением баланса в биотопах организма. Современные пробиотики обладают кислото- и антибиотикоустойчивостью, подходят для применения в разных возрастных группах при заболеваниях, сопровождающихся нарушением кишечного микробиома.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пробиотические штаммы и препараты на их основе весьма востребованы и перспективны. Дальнейшее изучение их свойств позволит расширить диапазон применения пробиотиков.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim of review</title><p>Aim of review. The review highlights modern concepts of the role of microbiome in sustaining the human body, the place of probiotics in treatment and prevention of pathologies related to disorders in healthy microbiota.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Microbiome is a unique panorganismal system normally maintaining self-equilibrium and possessing a vast and diverse functionality. Imbalance in normal microbiota can be assisted by probiotics, i.e. living microorganisms that sustain health of the host when being supplied in adequate amounts. Alike normal microflora, probiotic strains incorporate into general metabolism by mediating a spectrum of functions, e.g. maintaining colonisation resistance, nutrient metabolism, supplying the host with vital metabolites, regulation of local and adaptive immune responses, enhancing the intestinal barrier. Probiotics are applied in various diseases associated with general imbalances of the organism. Modern probiotic preparations are characterised by acid- and antibiotic-resistivity and safety, thus being suitable for treating gut microbiome-associated disorders in various age groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Probiotic strains, as well as medications designed on their basis, are widely applied and show good promise. Further research into their properties will advance the prospects of probiotic treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus acidophilus</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium lactis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus acidophilus</kwd><kwd>Bifidobacterium lactis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гриневич В.Б., Успенский Ю.П., Добрынин В.М. и др. Клинические аспекты диагностики и лечения дисбиоза кишечника в общетерапевтической практике: Учебно-методическое пособие. СПб.: Валмед, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grinevich V.B., Uspenskiy Y.P., Dobrynin V.M. et al. Clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of bowel dysbiosis in general therapeutic practice: Teaching textbook. 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