gastro-jРоссийский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологииRussian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology1382-43762658-6673«Gastro» LLCgastro-j-561Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИCLINICAL GUIDELINESЕвропейские рекомендации по IgG4-ассоциированным заболеваниям в гастроэнтерологии — рекомендации UEG и SGF, основанные на доказательствахEuropean Guideline on IgG4-related Digestive Disease — UEG and SGF Evidence-based Recommendationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-198XЛёрЙ-М.LohrJ.-M.

Стокгольм.

J-Matthias Löhr - MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet.

matthias.lohr@ki.seБойерсУ.BeuersU.

Амстердам.

Ulrich Beuers.

Amsterdam.

ВуясиновичМ.VujasinovicM.

Стокгольм.

Miroslav Vujasinovic.

Stockholm.

АльвароД.AlvaroD.

Рим.

Domenico Alvaro.

Rome.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8722-0070ФрекьерЙ. Б.FrøkjærJ. B.

Ольборг.

Jens Brondum Frøkjær.

Aalborg.

БотгридФ.ButtgereitF.

Берлин.

Frank Buttgereit.

Berlin.

КапурсоГ.CapursoG.

Милан.

Gabriele Capurso.

Milan.

КалверЭ. Л.CulverE. L.

Оксфорд.

Emma L. Culver.

Oxford.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-9541Де МадарияЭ.De-MadariaE.

Аликанте.

Enrique de-Madaria.

Alicante.

Делла-ТорреЭ.Della-TorreE.

Милан.

Emanuel Della-Torre.

Milan.

ДефлетсенЗ.DetlefsenS.

Оденсе.

Sönke Detlefsen.

Odense.

Домингес-МуньосЭ.Dominguez-MunozE.

Сантьяго-де-Компостела.

Enrique Dominguez-Munoz.

Santiago de Compostela.

ЧубковскиП.CzubkowskiP.

Варшава.

Piotr Czubkowski.

Warsaw.

ЭвальдН.EwaldN.

Гиссен.

Nils Ewald.

Giessen.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-2655ФруллониЛ.FrulloniL.

Верона.

Luca Frulloni.

Verona.

ГубергрицН.GubergritsN.

Лиман.

Natalya Gubergrits.

Lyman.

ДуманД. Г.DumanD. G.

Стамбул.

Deniz Guney Duman.

Istanbul.

ХакертТ.HackertTh.

Гейдельберг.

Thilo Hackert.

Heidelberg.

Иглесиас-ГарсияХ.Iglesias-GarciaJ.

Сантьяго-де-Компостела.

Julio Iglesias-Garcia.

Santiago de Compostela.

КарталисН.KartalisN.

Стокгольм.

Nikolaos Kartalis.

Stockholm.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-7819ЛагиА.LaghiA.

Рим.

Andrea Laghi.

Rome.

ЛаммертФ.LammertF.

Хомбург.

Frank Lammert.

Homburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-7754ЛиндгренФ.LindgrenF.

Стокгольм.

Fredrik Lindgren.

Stockholm.

ОхлобыстинА.OkhlobystinA.

Москва.

Alexey Okhlobystin.

Moscow.

ОрачжГ.OraczG.

Варшава.

Grzegorz Oracz.

Warsaw.

ПарничкиА.ParniczkyA.

Печ; Будапешт.

Andrea Parniczky.

Pecs; Budapest.

МуцеллиР. М. П.MucelliR. M. P.

Стокгольм.

Raffaella Maria Pozzi Mucelli.

Stockholm.

РебурВ.ReboursV.

Париж.

Vinciane Rebours.

Clichy.

РозендальЙ.RosendahlJ.

Галле.

Jonas Rosendahl.

Halle.

ШлейницН.SchleinitzN.

Марсель.

Nicolas Schleinitz.

Marseille.

ШнайдерА.SchneiderA.

Бад-Херсфельд.

Alexander Schneider.

Bad Hersfeld.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9803-1715БоммельЭ. ФХ ванBommelE. FH van

Дордрехт.

Eric FH van Bommel.

Dordrecht.

ВербекеК. С.VerbekeC. S.

Осло.

Caroline Sophie Verbeke.

Oslo.

ВульермаМ. П.VulliermeM. P.

Клиши.

Marie Pierre Vullierme.

Clichy.

ВиттХ.WittH.

Фрайзинг.

Heiko Witt.

Freising.

по разработке рекомендацийрабочая группа UEGWorking groupThe UEG GuidelineОтделение заболеваний верхних отделов ЖКТ, Клиника Каролинского университета; Отделение клинической медицины, вмешательств и технологий (CLINTEC), Каролинский институтШвецияDepartment of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska InstitutetSwedenОтделение гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, Медицинский центр Амстердамского университетаНидерландыDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCNetherlandsОтделение заболеваний верхних отделов ЖКТ, Клиника Каролинского университета; Отделение медицины Худдинге, Каролинский институтШвецияDepartment of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden and Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska InstitutetSwedenОтделение трансляционной и индивидуализированной медицины, Университет Сапиенца в РимеИталияDepartment of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of RomeItalyОтделение радиологии, клиника университета ОльборгаДанияDepartment of Radiology, Aalborg University HospitalDenmarkОтделение ревматологии и клинической иммунологии, Медицинский университет Шарите БерлинаГерманияDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Medicine BerlinGermanyОтделение панкреатобилиарной эндоскопии и эндосонографии, Центр трансляционных и клинических исследований поджелудочной железы, Научный институт IRCCS Сан-РафаэльИталияPancreatoBiliary Endoscopy and EUS Division Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteItalyОтделение трансляционной гастроэнтерологии, больница Джона Рэдклиффа и медицинское отделение Наффилда, Оксфордский университетВеликобританияTranslational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of OxfordUnited KingdomОтделение гастроэнтерологии, клиника общего профиля университета Аликанте, ISABIALИспанияGastroenterology Department, Alicante University General Hospital, ISABIALSpainШкола медицины, университет Вита-Салюте Сан-Рафаэль; Отделение иммунологии, ревматологии, аллергии и редких болезней (UnIRAR), Научный институт IRCCS Сан-РафаэльИталияSchool of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Disease (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteItalyОтделение патологии, Панкреатологический центр Оденсе (OPAC), Клиника университета ОденсеДанияDepartment of Pathology, Odense Pancreas Center (OPAC), Odense University HospitalDenmarkОтделение гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, университетская клиника Сантьяго-де-КомпостелаИсландияDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Santiago de CompostelaIcelandОтделение гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, нарушений питания и педиатрии, Мемориальный институт детского здоровьяПольшаDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health InstitutePolandИнститут эндокринологии, диабетологии и метаболизма, клиника университета Иоханнеса Вестлинга; Гиссенский университет имени Юстуса ЛибихаГерманияInstitute of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Johannes Wesling University hospital, Minden, Germany and Justus Liebig University GiessenGermanyОтделение медицины, Институт поджелудочной железы, университет ВероныИталияDepartment of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, University of VeronaItalyКафедра внутренних болезней, Донецкий национальный медицинский университетУкраинаDepartment of Internal Medicine, Donetsk National Medical UniversityUkraineКафедра гастроэнтерологии, медицинский факультет, университет МармараТурцияDepartment of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Marmara UniversityTurkeyКафедра общей хирургии, хирургии брюшной полости и трансплантации, университет ГейдельбергаГерманияDepartment of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of HeidelbergGermanyОтделение лучевой диагностики брюшной полости, Клиника Каролинского университетаШвецияDepartment of Abdominal Radiology, Karolinska University HospitalSwedenКафедра хирургии и клинической медицины и трансляционной медицины, университет Сапиенца в Риме, Больница Св. АндреяИталияDepartment of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant’Andrea HospitalItalyОтделение медицины II, Медицинский центр Саарландского университетаГерманияDepartment of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical CenterGermanyОтделение детской гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии и питания, Клиника Каролинского университетаШвецияDepartment of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University HospitalSwedenПервый Московский государственный университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут трансляционной медицины, Исследовательский центр им. Сентаготаи, Медицинская школа университета Печа; Национальный институт педиатрии им. Пала ХеймаВенгрияInstitute for Translational Medicine, Szenta'gothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs; Heim Pál National Insitute of PediatricsHungaryОтделение панкреатологии, больница Божон, Клиши, Парижский университетФранцияPancreatology Department, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, Universite de ParisFranceКафедра внутренних болезней I, университет им. Мартина ЛютераГерманияDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther UniversityGermanyОтделение внутренних болезней Timone, Государственная больница Марселя, университет Экс-МарсельФранцияDepartement de Medicine Interne Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille UniversiteFranceОтделение гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии, клиника Бад-ХерсфельдаГерманияDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Bad HersfeldGermanyОтделение внутренних болезней, Голландский национальный экспертный центр по ретроперитонеальному фиброзу, больница им. Альберта ШвейцераНидерландыDepartment of Internal Medicine, Dutch National Center of Expertise Retroperitoneal Fibrosis, Albert Schweitzer hospitalNetherlandsОтделение патологии, Клиника университета Осло, и университет ОслоНорвегияDepartment of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of OsloNorwayОтделение радиологии, больница БожонФранцияRadiology Department, Beaujon HospitalFranceЦентр диетологии Эльзы Кронер Фрезениус, отделение детской диетологии, Технический университет МюнхенаГерманияElse Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität MünchenGermany20213103202131180114Copyright © Лёр Й., Бойерс У., Вуясинович М., Альваро Д., Фрекьер Й.Б., Ботгрид Ф., Капурсо Г., Калвер Э.Л., Де Мадария Э., Делла-Торре Э., Дефлетсен З., Домингес-Муньос Э., Чубковски П., Эвальд Н., Фруллони Л., Губергриц Н., Думан Д.Г., Хакерт Т., Иглесиас-Гарсия Х., Карталис Н., Лаги А., Ламмерт Ф., Линдгрен Ф., Охлобыстин А., Орачж Г., Парнички А., Муцелли Р.М., Ребур В., Розендаль Й., Шлейниц Н., Шнайдер А., Боммель Э.Ф., Вербеке К.С., Вульерма М.П., Витт Х., по разработке рекомендаций р.U., 20212021Лёр Й., Бойерс У., Вуясинович М., Альваро Д., Фрекьер Й.Б., Ботгрид Ф., Капурсо Г., Калвер Э.Л., Де Мадария Э., Делла-Торре Э., Дефлетсен З., Домингес-Муньос Э., Чубковски П., Эвальд Н., Фруллони Л., Губергриц Н., Думан Д.Г., Хакерт Т., Иглесиас-Гарсия Х., Карталис Н., Лаги А., Ламмерт Ф., Линдгрен Ф., Охлобыстин А., Орачж Г., Парнички А., Муцелли Р.М., Ребур В., Розендаль Й., Шлейниц Н., Шнайдер А., Боммель Э.Ф., Вербеке К.С., Вульерма М.П., Витт Х., по разработке рекомендаций р.U.Lohr J., Beuers U., Vujasinovic M., Alvaro D., Frøkjær J.B., Buttgereit F., Capurso G., Culver E.L., de-Madaria E., Della-Torre E., Detlefsen S., Dominguez-Munoz E., Czubkowski P., Ewald N., Frulloni L., Gubergrits N., Duman D.G., Hackert T., Iglesias-Garcia J., Kartalis N., Laghi A., Lammert F., Lindgren F., Okhlobystin A., Oracz G., Parniczky A., Mucelli R.M., Rebours V., Rosendahl J., Schleinitz N., Schneider A., Bommel E.F., Verbeke C.S., Vullierme M.P., Witt H., working group t.g.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/561

Общая цель данного руководства — обеспечить научно обоснованные рекомендации по диагностике и лечению иммуноглобулин G4 (IgG4)-ассоциированных гастроэнтерологических заболеваний у взрослых и детей. IgG4-ассоциированные гастроэнтерологические заболевания могут быть диагностированы только после комплексного обследования, включающего гистологическое исследование, оценку морфологии органов посредством визуализирующих исследований, серологические исследования, оценку поражения других органов и ответ на терапию глюкокортикоидами. Лечение проводится у пациентов с наличием симптомов (обструктивная желтуха, боль в животе, боль, связанная с хвостовой частью поджелудочной железы, и поражение органов пищеварительной системы, помимо поджелудочной железы, включая IgG4-ассоциированный холангит). Доза глюкокортикоидов при терапии зависит от массы тела пациента; начинают с дозы 0,6-0,8 мг/кг/сут внутрь (типичная начальная доза 30-40 мг/сут эквивалента преднизолона) в течение 1 месяца, чтобы вызвать ремиссию, после чего дозу на протяжении еще двух месяцев снижают. Ответ на первоначальную терапию следует оценивать через 2-4 недели по клиническим, биохимическим и морфологическим маркерам. При полиорганном заболевании или наличии рецидивов в анамнезе рекомендуется поддерживающая терапия глюкокортикоидами. Если активность заболевания и выраженность симптомов через 3 месяца не снизились, следует заново переоценить диагноз. При рецидиве заболевания в ходе 3 месяцев терапии следует добавить иммуносупрессивные препараты.

The overall objective of these guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related digestive disease in adults and children. IgG4-related digestive disease can be diagnosed only with a comprehensive work-up that includes histology, organ morphology at imaging, serology, search for other organ involvement, and response to glucocorticoid treatment. Indications for treatment are symptomatic patients with obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain, posterior pancreatic pain, and involvement of extra-pancreatic digestive organs, including IgG4-related cholangitis. Treatment with glucocorticoids should be weight-based and initiated at a dose of 0.6-0.8 mg/kg body weight/day orally (typical starting dose 30-40 mg/day prednisone equivalent) for 1 month to induce remission and then be tapered within two additional months. Response to initial treatment should be assessed at week 2-4 with clinical, biochemical and morphological markers. Maintenance treatment with glucocorticoids should be considered in multi-organ disease or history of relapse. If there is no change in disease activity and burden within 3 months, the diagnosis should be reconsidered. If the disease relapsed during the 3 months of treatment, immunosuppressive drugs should be added.

IgG4-ассоциированныйпищеварительныйзаболеваниеглюкокортикоидыпоражение других органовбиомаркерыаутоиммунный панкреатит типа 1иммуноопосредованный холангитзлокачественные новообразованиясахарный диабетIgG4-relateddigestivediseaseglucocorticoidsother organ involvementbiomarkersautoimmune pancreatitis type 1immune-related cholangitiscancerdiabetes mellitusМы с благодарностью отмечаем поддержку Комитета национальных обществ Общеевропейского общества по гастроэнтерологии (UEG) в разработке этих рекомендаций, независимо от других источников. Другого финансирования не было. Мы благодарим Шведское общество гастроэнтерологии (SGF) и Голландское общество гастроэнтерологии за их готовность служить в качестве национальных обществ UEG, поддерживающих эти рекомендации. Кроме того, мы благодарны за поддержку Европейскому панкреатическому клубу и Общеевропейскому обществу по гастроэнтерологии за то, то они обеспечили место и время для личных встреч членов рабочих групп при разработке этих рекомендаций.ReferencesShimosegawa T, Chari ST, Frulloni L, Kamisawa T, Kawa S, Mino-Kenudson M, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis: guidelines of the International Association of Pancreatology. Pancreas. 2011;40(3):352-8. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182142fd2Shimosegawa T, Chari ST, Frulloni L, Kamisawa T, Kawa S, Mino-Kenudson M, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis: guidelines of the International Association of Pancreatology. Pancreas. 2011;40(3):352-8. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182142fd2Wallace ZS, Naden RP, Chari S, Choi HK, Della-Torre E, Dicaire JF, et al. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for IgG4-related disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2020;79(1):77-87. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216561Wallace ZS, Naden RP, Chari S, Choi HK, Della-Torre E, Dicaire JF, et al. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for IgG4-related disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2020;79(1):77-87. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216561Boonstra K, Culver EL, de Buy Wenniger LM, van Heerde MJ, van Erpecum KJ, Poen AC, et al. Serum immunoglobulin G4 and immunoglobulin G1 for distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2014;59(5):1954-63. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26977Boonstra K, Culver EL, de Buy Wenniger LM, van Heerde MJ, van Erpecum KJ, Poen AC, et al. Serum immunoglobulin G4 and immunoglobulin G1 for distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2014;59(5):1954-63. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26977Hubers LM, Beuers U. IgG4-related disease of the biliary tract and pancreas: clinical and experimental advances. Current opinion in gastroenterology. 2017;33(4):310-4. DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000362Hubers LM, Beuers U. IgG4-related disease of the biliary tract and pancreas: clinical and experimental advances. Current opinion in gastroenterology. 2017;33(4):310-4. DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000362Mendes FD, Jorgensen R, Keach J, Katzmann JA, Smyrk T, Donlinger J, et al. Elevated serum IgG4 concentration in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2006;101(9):2070-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00772.xMendes FD, Jorgensen R, Keach J, Katzmann JA, Smyrk T, Donlinger J, et al. Elevated serum IgG4 concentration in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2006;101(9):2070-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00772.xOseini AM, Chaiteerakij R, Shire AM, Ghazale A, Kaiya J, Moser CD, et al. Utility of serum immunoglobulin G4 in distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis from cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2011;54(3):940-8. DOI: 10.1002/hep.24487Oseini AM, Chaiteerakij R, Shire AM, Ghazale A, Kaiya J, Moser CD, et al. Utility of serum immunoglobulin G4 in distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis from cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2011;54(3):940-8. DOI: 10.1002/hep.24487Kamisawa T, Takuma K, Tabata T, Inaba Y, Egawa N, Tsuruta K, et al. Serum IgG4-negative autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46(1):108-16. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0317-2Kamisawa T, Takuma K, Tabata T, Inaba Y, Egawa N, Tsuruta K, et al. Serum IgG4-negative autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46(1):108-16. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0317-2Culver EL, Sadler R, Simpson D, Cargill T, Makuch M, Bateman AC, et al. Elevated Serum IgG4 Levels in Diagnosis, Treatment Response, Organ Involvement, and Relapse in a Prospective IgG4-Related Disease UK Cohort. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2016;111(5):733-43. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.40Culver EL, Sadler R, Simpson D, Cargill T, Makuch M, Bateman AC, et al. Elevated Serum IgG4 Levels in Diagnosis, Treatment Response, Organ Involvement, and Relapse in a Prospective IgG4-Related Disease UK Cohort. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2016;111(5):733-43. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.40Doorenspleet ME, Hubers LM, Culver EL, Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Klarenbeek PL, Chapman RW, et al. Immunoglobulin G4(+) B-cell receptor clones distinguish immunoglobulin G 4-related disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies. Hepatology. 2016;64(2):501-7. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28568Doorenspleet ME, Hubers LM, Culver EL, Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Klarenbeek PL, Chapman RW, et al. Immunoglobulin G4(+) B-cell receptor clones distinguish immunoglobulin G 4-related disease from primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary/pancreatic malignancies. Hepatology. 2016;64(2):501-7. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28568Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Doorenspleet ME, Klarenbeek PL, Verheij J, Baas F, Elferink RP, et al. Immunoglobulin G4+ clones identified by next-generation sequencing dominate the B cell receptor repertoire in immunoglobulin G4 associated cholangitis. Hepatology. 2013;57(6):2390-8. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26232Maillette de Buy Wenniger LJ, Doorenspleet ME, Klarenbeek PL, Verheij J, Baas F, Elferink RP, et al. Immunoglobulin G4+ clones identified by next-generation sequencing dominate the B cell receptor repertoire in immunoglobulin G4 associated cholangitis. Hepatology. 2013;57(6):2390-8. DOI: 10.1002/hep.26232Tabibian JH, Lindor KD. Distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-related disease from its pancreatobiliary mimics: Are we there now? Hepatology. 2016;64(2):340-3. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28624Tabibian JH, Lindor KD. Distinguishing immunoglobulin G4-related disease from its pancreatobiliary mimics: Are we there now? Hepatology. 2016;64(2):340-3. DOI: 10.1002/hep.28624Wallace ZS, Mattoo H, Carruthers M, Mahajan VS, Della Torre E, Lee H, et al. Plasmablasts as a biomarker for IgG4-related disease, independent of serum IgG4 concentrations. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(1):190-5. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205233Wallace ZS, Mattoo H, Carruthers M, Mahajan VS, Della Torre E, Lee H, et al. Plasmablasts as a biomarker for IgG4-related disease, independent of serum IgG4 concentrations. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(1):190-5. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205233Hart PA, Kamisawa T, Brugge WR, Chung JB, Culver EL, Czako L, et al. Long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis: a multicentre, international analysis. Gut. 2013;62(12):1771-6. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303617Hart PA, Kamisawa T, Brugge WR, Chung JB, Culver EL, Czako L, et al. Long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis: a multicentre, international analysis. Gut. 2013;62(12):1771-6. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303617Hirano K, Tada M, Isayama H, Yagioka H, Sasaki T, Kogure H, et al. Long-term prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis with and without corticosteroid treatment. Gut. 2007;56(12):1719-24. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.115246Hirano K, Tada M, Isayama H, Yagioka H, Sasaki T, Kogure H, et al. Long-term prognosis of autoimmune pancreatitis with and without corticosteroid treatment. Gut. 2007;56(12):1719-24. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.115246Hart PA, Topazian MD, Witzig TE, Clain JE, Gleeson FC, Klebig RR, et al. Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience. Gut. 2013;62(11):1607-15. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302886Hart PA, Topazian MD, Witzig TE, Clain JE, Gleeson FC, Klebig RR, et al. Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience. Gut. 2013;62(11):1607-15. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302886Kamisawa T, Shimosegawa T, Okazaki K, Nishino T, Watanabe H, Kanno A, et al. Standard steroid treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut. 2009;58(11):1504-7. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.172908Kamisawa T, Shimosegawa T, Okazaki K, Nishino T, Watanabe H, Kanno A, et al. Standard steroid treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut. 2009;58(11):1504-7. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.172908Muraki T, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Komatsu K, Komiyama Y, Arakura N, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis and complement activation system. Pancreas. 2006;32(1):16-21. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000188308.75043.e4Muraki T, Hamano H, Ochi Y, Komatsu K, Komiyama Y, Arakura N, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis and complement activation system. Pancreas. 2006;32(1):16-21. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000188308.75043.e4Hirth M, Vujasinovic M, Munch M, Weiss C, Lohr M, Ebert MP, et al. Monitoring and predicting disease activity in autoimmune pancreatitis with the M-ANNHEIM-AiP-Activity-Score. Pancreatology. 2018;18(1):29-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.10.005Hirth M, Vujasinovic M, Munch M, Weiss C, Lohr M, Ebert MP, et al. Monitoring and predicting disease activity in autoimmune pancreatitis with the M-ANNHEIM-AiP-Activity-Score. Pancreatology. 2018;18(1):29-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.10.005Globocan. 2018. Available from: https://www.iccp-portal.org/news/globocan-2018Globocan. 2018. Available from: https://www.iccp-portal.org/news/globocan-2018Scara S, Bottoni P, Scatena R. CA 19-9: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2015;867:247-60. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_15Scara S, Bottoni P, Scatena R. CA 19-9: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2015;867:247-60. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_15Chang MC, Liang PC, Jan S, Yang CY, Tien YW, Wei SC, et al. Increase diagnostic accuracy in differentiating focal type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer with combined serum IgG4 and CA19-9 levels. Pancreatol-ogy. 2014;14(5):366-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.07.010Chang MC, Liang PC, Jan S, Yang CY, Tien YW, Wei SC, et al. Increase diagnostic accuracy in differentiating focal type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer with combined serum IgG4 and CA19-9 levels. Pancreatol-ogy. 2014;14(5):366-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.07.010van Heerde MJ, Buijs J, Hansen BE, de Waart M, van Eijck CH, Kazemier G, et al. Serum level of Ca 19-9 increases ability of IgG4 test to distinguish patients with autoimmune pancreatitis from those with pancreatic carcinoma. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2014;59(6):1322-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-3004-3van Heerde MJ, Buijs J, Hansen BE, de Waart M, van Eijck CH, Kazemier G, et al. Serum level of Ca 19-9 increases ability of IgG4 test to distinguish patients with autoimmune pancreatitis from those with pancreatic carcinoma. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2014;59(6):1322-9. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-3004-3Yan T, Ke Y, Chen Y, Xu C, Yu C, Li Y. Serological characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis and its differential diagnosis from pancreatic cancer by using a combination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, globulin, eosinophils and hemoglobin. PloS one. 2017;12(4):e0174735. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174735Yan T, Ke Y, Chen Y, Xu C, Yu C, Li Y. Serological characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis and its differential diagnosis from pancreatic cancer by using a combination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9, globulin, eosinophils and hemoglobin. PloS one. 2017;12(4):e0174735. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174735Deshpande V, Zen Y, Chan JK, Yi EE, Sato Y, Yoshi-no T, et al. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Modern pathology: an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2012;25(9):1181-92. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.72Deshpande V, Zen Y, Chan JK, Yi EE, Sato Y, Yoshi-no T, et al. Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease. Modern pathology: an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2012;25(9):1181-92. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.72Sah RP, Pannala R, Zhang L, Graham RP, Sugumar A, Chari ST. Eosinophilia and allergic disorders in autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2010;105(11):2485-91. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.236Sah RP, Pannala R, Zhang L, Graham RP, Sugumar A, Chari ST. Eosinophilia and allergic disorders in autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2010;105(11):2485-91. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.236Culver EL, Sadler R, Bateman AC, Makuch M, Cargill T, Ferry B, et al. Increases in IgE, Eosinophils, and Mast Cells Can be Used in Diagnosis and to Predict Relapse of IgG4-Related Disease. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2017;15(9):1444-52.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.02.007Culver EL, Sadler R, Bateman AC, Makuch M, Cargill T, Ferry B, et al. Increases in IgE, Eosinophils, and Mast Cells Can be Used in Diagnosis and to Predict Relapse of IgG4-Related Disease. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2017;15(9):1444-52.e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.02.007Zen Y. The Pathology of IgG4-Related Disease in the Bile Duct and Pancreas. Semin Liver Dis. 2016;36(3):242-56. DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584319Zen Y. The Pathology of IgG4-Related Disease in the Bile Duct and Pancreas. Semin Liver Dis. 2016;36(3):242-56. DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584319Strehl JD, Hartmann A, Agaimy A. Numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells are ubiquitous in diverse localised non-specific chronic inflammatory conditions and need to be distinguished from IgG4-related systemic disorders. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(3):237-43. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.085613Strehl JD, Hartmann A, Agaimy A. Numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells are ubiquitous in diverse localised non-specific chronic inflammatory conditions and need to be distinguished from IgG4-related systemic disorders. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(3):237-43. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2010.085613Detlefsen S, Mohr Drewes A, Vyberg M, Kloppel G. Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis by core needle biopsy: application of six microscopic criteria. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2009;454(5):531-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0747-5Detlefsen S, Mohr Drewes A, Vyberg M, Kloppel G. Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis by core needle biopsy: application of six microscopic criteria. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2009;454(5):531-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0747-5Bateman AC, Culver EL. IgG4-related disease-experience of 100 consecutive cases from a specialist centre. Histopathology. 2017;70(5):798-813. DOI: 10.1111/his.13136Bateman AC, Culver EL. IgG4-related disease-experience of 100 consecutive cases from a specialist centre. Histopathology. 2017;70(5):798-813. DOI: 10.1111/his.13136Detlefsen S, Mortensen MB, Pless TK, Cribe AS, de Muckadell OB. Laparoscopic and Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy Plays a Central Role for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in a Single-Center Study From Denmark. Pancreas. 2015;44(6):845-58. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000312Detlefsen S, Mortensen MB, Pless TK, Cribe AS, de Muckadell OB. Laparoscopic and Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy Plays a Central Role for the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in a Single-Center Study From Denmark. Pancreas. 2015;44(6):845-58. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000312Arora K, Rivera M, Ting DT, Deshpande V. The histological diagnosis of IgG4-related disease on small biopsies: challenges and pitfalls. Histopathology. 2019;74(5):688-98. DOI: 10.1111/his.13787Arora K, Rivera M, Ting DT, Deshpande V. The histological diagnosis of IgG4-related disease on small biopsies: challenges and pitfalls. Histopathology. 2019;74(5):688-98. DOI: 10.1111/his.13787Detlefsen S, Lohr JM, Drewes AM, Fmkj^r JB, Kloppel G. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery. 2011;5(2):136-49. DOI: 10.2174/187221311795399228Detlefsen S, Lohr JM, Drewes AM, Fmkj^r JB, Kloppel G. Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. Recent patents on inflammation & allergy drug discovery. 2011;5(2):136-49. DOI: 10.2174/187221311795399228Sah RP, Chari ST, Pannala R, Sugumar A, Clain JE, Levy MJ, et al. Differences in clinical profile and relapse rate of type 1 versus type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(1):140-8; quiz e12-3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.054Sah RP, Chari ST, Pannala R, Sugumar A, Clain JE, Levy MJ, et al. Differences in clinical profile and relapse rate of type 1 versus type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2010;139(1):140-8; quiz e12-3. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.054Negrelli R, Boninsegna E, Avesani G, Zamboni GA, Brozzi L, Frulloni L, et al. Type 1 and Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Distinctive Clinical and Pathological Features, But Are There Any Differences at Magnetic Resonance? Experience From a Referral Center. Pancreas. 2018;47(9):1115-22. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001142Negrelli R, Boninsegna E, Avesani G, Zamboni GA, Brozzi L, Frulloni L, et al. Type 1 and Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Distinctive Clinical and Pathological Features, But Are There Any Differences at Magnetic Resonance? Experience From a Referral Center. Pancreas. 2018;47(9):1115-22. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001142Deshpande V, Gupta R, Sainani N, Sahani DV, Virk R, Ferrone C, et al. Subclassification of autoimmune pancreatitis: a histologic classification with clinical significance. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2011;35(1):26-35. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182027717Deshpande V, Gupta R, Sainani N, Sahani DV, Virk R, Ferrone C, et al. Subclassification of autoimmune pancreatitis: a histologic classification with clinical significance. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2011;35(1):26-35. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182027717Negrelli R, Manfredi R, Pedrinolla B, Boninsegna E, Ventriglia A, Mehrabi S, et al. Pancreatic duct abnormalities in focal autoimmune pancreatitis: MR/MRCP imaging findings. European radiology. 2015;25(2):359-67. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3371-yNegrelli R, Manfredi R, Pedrinolla B, Boninsegna E, Ventriglia A, Mehrabi S, et al. Pancreatic duct abnormalities in focal autoimmune pancreatitis: MR/MRCP imaging findings. European radiology. 2015;25(2):359-67. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3371-yManfredi R, Frulloni L, Mantovani W, Bonatti M, Graziani R, Pozzi Mucelli R. Autoimmune pancreatitis: pancreatic and extrapancreatic MR imaging-MR cholangiopancreatography findings at diagnosis, after steroid therapy, and at recurrence. Radiology. 2011;260(2):428-36. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101729Manfredi R, Frulloni L, Mantovani W, Bonatti M, Graziani R, Pozzi Mucelli R. Autoimmune pancreatitis: pancreatic and extrapancreatic MR imaging-MR cholangiopancreatography findings at diagnosis, after steroid therapy, and at recurrence. Radiology. 2011;260(2):428-36. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.11101729Zhao Z, Wang Y, Guan Z, Jin J, Huang F, Zhu J. Utility of FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis of IgG4-related diseases. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2016;34(1):119-25,Zhao Z, Wang Y, Guan Z, Jin J, Huang F, Zhu J. Utility of FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis of IgG4-related diseases. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2016;34(1):119-25,Kim HJ, Kim YK, Jeong WK, Lee WJ, Choi D. Pancreatic duct «Icicle sign» on MRI for distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the proximal pancreas. European radiology. 2015;25(6):1551-60. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3548-4Kim HJ, Kim YK, Jeong WK, Lee WJ, Choi D. Pancreatic duct «Icicle sign» on MRI for distinguishing autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the proximal pancreas. European radiology. 2015;25(6):1551-60. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3548-4Furuhashi N, Suzuki K, Sakurai Y, Ikeda M, Kawai Y, Naganawa S. Differentiation of focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma: assessment by multiphase contrast-enhanced CT. European radiology. 2015;25(5):1366-74. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3512-3Furuhashi N, Suzuki K, Sakurai Y, Ikeda M, Kawai Y, Naganawa S. Differentiation of focal-type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma: assessment by multiphase contrast-enhanced CT. European radiology. 2015;25(5):1366-74. DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3512-3Sugumar A, Levy MJ, Kamisawa T, Webster GJ, Kim MH, Enders F, et al. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography criteria to diagnose autoimmune pancreatitis: an international multicentre study. Gut. 2011;60(5):666-70. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.207951Sugumar A, Levy MJ, Kamisawa T, Webster GJ, Kim MH, Enders F, et al. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography criteria to diagnose autoimmune pancreatitis: an international multicentre study. Gut. 2011;60(5):666-70. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.207951Kamisawa T, Ohara H, Kim MH, Kanno A, Okazaki K, Fujita N. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. 2014;26(5):627-35. DOI: 10.1111/den.12289Kamisawa T, Ohara H, Kim MH, Kanno A, Okazaki K, Fujita N. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. 2014;26(5):627-35. DOI: 10.1111/den.12289Kanno A, Masamune A, Fujishima F, Iwashita T, Kodama Y, Katanuma A, et al. Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis by EUS-guided FNA using a 22-gauge needle: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2016;84(5):797-804.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1511Kanno A, Masamune A, Fujishima F, Iwashita T, Kodama Y, Katanuma A, et al. Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis by EUS-guided FNA using a 22-gauge needle: a prospective multicenter study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2016;84(5):797-804.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.03.1511Moon SH, Kim MH. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2012;76(3):645-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.458Moon SH, Kim MH. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2012;76(3):645-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.458Kanno A, Masamune A, Shimosegawa T. Endoscopic approaches for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. 2015;27(2):250-8. DOI: 10.1111/den.12343Kanno A, Masamune A, Shimosegawa T. Endoscopic approaches for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. 2015;27(2):250-8. DOI: 10.1111/den.12343Xiang P, Zhang X, Wang C, Lang Y, Xu L, Huang L, et al. Pancreatic tumor in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: a diagnostic challenge. BMC cancer. 2019;19(1):814. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6027-0Xiang P, Zhang X, Wang C, Lang Y, Xu L, Huang L, et al. Pancreatic tumor in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: a diagnostic challenge. BMC cancer. 2019;19(1):814. DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6027-0Asbun HJ, Conlon K, Fernandez-Cruz L, Friess H, Shrikhande SV, Adham M, et al. When to perform a pancreatoduodenectomy in the absence of positive histology? A consensus statement by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery. Surgery. 2014;155(5):887-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.12.032Asbun HJ, Conlon K, Fernandez-Cruz L, Friess H, Shrikhande SV, Adham M, et al. When to perform a pancreatoduodenectomy in the absence of positive histology? A consensus statement by the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery. Surgery. 2014;155(5):887-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.12.032van Heerde MJ, Biermann K, Zondervan PE, Kazemier G, van Eijck CH, Pek C, et al. Prevalence of autoimmune pancreatitis and other benign disorders in pancreatoduodenectomy for presumed malignancy of the pancreatic head. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2012;57(9):2458—65. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2191-7van Heerde MJ, Biermann K, Zondervan PE, Kazemier G, van Eijck CH, Pek C, et al. Prevalence of autoimmune pancreatitis and other benign disorders in pancreatoduodenectomy for presumed malignancy of the pancreatic head. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2012;57(9):2458—65. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2191-7Detlefsen S, Zamboni G, Frulloni L, Feyerabend B, Braun F, Gerke O, et al. Clinical features and relapse rates after surgery in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis differ from type 2: a study of 114 surgically treated European patients. Pancreatology. 2012;12(3):276-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.03.055Detlefsen S, Zamboni G, Frulloni L, Feyerabend B, Braun F, Gerke O, et al. Clinical features and relapse rates after surgery in type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis differ from type 2: a study of 114 surgically treated European patients. Pancreatology. 2012;12(3):276-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.03.055Clark CJ, Morales-Oyarvide V, Zaydfudim V, Stauffer J, Deshpande V, Smyrk TC, et al. Short-term and longterm outcomes for patients with autoimmune pancreatitis after pancreatectomy: a multi-institutional study. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2013;17(5):899—906. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2145-1Clark CJ, Morales-Oyarvide V, Zaydfudim V, Stauffer J, Deshpande V, Smyrk TC, et al. Short-term and longterm outcomes for patients with autoimmune pancreatitis after pancreatectomy: a multi-institutional study. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2013;17(5):899—906. DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2145-1Miura F, Sano K, Amano H, Toyota N, Wada K, Kadowaki S, et al. Long-term surgical outcomes of patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. World journal of surgery. 2013;37(1):162-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1803-xMiura F, Sano K, Amano H, Toyota N, Wada K, Kadowaki S, et al. Long-term surgical outcomes of patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis. World journal of surgery. 2013;37(1):162-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1803-xWeber SM, Cubukcu-Dimopulo O, Palesty JA, Suriawinata A, Klimstra D, Brennan MF, et al. Lymphop-lasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis: inflammatory mimic of pancreatic carcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2003;7(1):129-37; discussion 37-9. DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(02)00148-8Weber SM, Cubukcu-Dimopulo O, Palesty JA, Suriawinata A, Klimstra D, Brennan MF, et al. Lymphop-lasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis: inflammatory mimic of pancreatic carcinoma. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2003;7(1):129-37; discussion 37-9. DOI: 10.1016/s1091-255x(02)00148-8Lohr JM, Dominguez-Munoz E, Rosendahl J, Besselink M, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, et al. United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU). United European gastroenterology journal. 2017;5(2):153-99. DOI: 10.1177/2050640616684695Lohr JM, Dominguez-Munoz E, Rosendahl J, Besselink M, Mayerle J, Lerch MM, et al. United European Gastroenterology evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pancreatitis (HaPanEU). United European gastroenterology journal. 2017;5(2):153-99. DOI: 10.1177/2050640616684695Kloppel G, Luttges J, Lohr M, Zamboni G, Longneck-er D. Autoimmune pancreatitis: pathological, clinical, and immunological features. Pancreas. 2003;27(1):14-9. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200307000-00002Kloppel G, Luttges J, Lohr M, Zamboni G, Longneck-er D. Autoimmune pancreatitis: pathological, clinical, and immunological features. Pancreas. 2003;27(1):14-9. DOI: 10.1097/00006676-200307000-00002Tacelli M, Celsa C, Magro B, Barresi L, Guastella S, Capurso G, et al. Risk Factors for Rate of Relapse and Effects of Steroid Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2019;17(6):1061-72.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.051Tacelli M, Celsa C, Magro B, Barresi L, Guastella S, Capurso G, et al. Risk Factors for Rate of Relapse and Effects of Steroid Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Autoimmune Pancreatitis: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2019;17(6):1061-72.e8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.051Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Falconi M, Zamboni G, Capel-li P, Manfredi R, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: differences between the focal and diffuse forms in 87 patients. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2009;104(9):2288-94. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.327Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Falconi M, Zamboni G, Capel-li P, Manfredi R, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: differences between the focal and diffuse forms in 87 patients. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2009;104(9):2288-94. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.327van Buuren HR, Vleggaar FP, Willemien Erkelens G, Zondervan PE, Lesterhuis W, Van Eijck CH, et al. Autoimmune pancreatocholangitis: a series of ten patients. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology Supplement. 2006(243):70-8. DOI: 10.1080/00365520600664326van Buuren HR, Vleggaar FP, Willemien Erkelens G, Zondervan PE, Lesterhuis W, Van Eijck CH, et al. Autoimmune pancreatocholangitis: a series of ten patients. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology Supplement. 2006(243):70-8. DOI: 10.1080/00365520600664326Church NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(11):2417-25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.xChurch NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(11):2417-25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.xCzako L, Gyokeres T, Topa L, Sahin P, Takacs T, Vincze A, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis in Hungary: a multicenter nationwide study. Pancreatology. 2011;11(2):261-7. DOI: 10.1159/000327092Czako L, Gyokeres T, Topa L, Sahin P, Takacs T, Vincze A, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis in Hungary: a multicenter nationwide study. Pancreatology. 2011;11(2):261-7. DOI: 10.1159/000327092Vujasinovic M, Valente R, Maier P, von Beckerath V, Haas SL, Arnelo U, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis in Sweden. Pancreatology. 2018;18(8):900-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.09.003Vujasinovic M, Valente R, Maier P, von Beckerath V, Haas SL, Arnelo U, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis in Sweden. Pancreatology. 2018;18(8):900-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.09.003Lopez-Serrano A, Crespo J, Pascual I, Salord S, Bolado F, Del-Pozo-Garda AJ, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis in Spain based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria: A multi-centre study. Pancreatology. 2016;16(3):382-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.02.006Lopez-Serrano A, Crespo J, Pascual I, Salord S, Bolado F, Del-Pozo-Garda AJ, et al. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis in Spain based on the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria: A multi-centre study. Pancreatology. 2016;16(3):382-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.02.006Vujasinovic M, Hedstrom A, Maisonneuve P, Valente R, von Horn H, Lohr JM, et al. Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2019;25(5):600-7. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.600Vujasinovic M, Hedstrom A, Maisonneuve P, Valente R, von Horn H, Lohr JM, et al. Zinc deficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2019;25(5):600-7. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.600Lindkvist B, Dominguez-Munoz JE, Luaces-Regueira M, Castineiras-Alvarino M, Nieto-Garcia L, Iglesias-Garcia J. Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2012;12(4):305-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.04.006Lindkvist B, Dominguez-Munoz JE, Luaces-Regueira M, Castineiras-Alvarino M, Nieto-Garcia L, Iglesias-Garcia J. Serum nutritional markers for prediction of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2012;12(4):305-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2012.04.006Martinez-Moneo E, Stigliano S, Hedstrom A, Kaczka A, Malvik M, Waldthaler A, et al. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology. 2016;16(6):988-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.09.008Martinez-Moneo E, Stigliano S, Hedstrom A, Kaczka A, Malvik M, Waldthaler A, et al. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pancreatology. 2016;16(6):988-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.09.008Duggan SN, Smyth ND, O'Sullivan M, Feehan S, Ridgway PF, Conlon KC. The prevalence of malnutrition and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2014;29(3):348-54. DOI: 10.1177/0884533614528361Duggan SN, Smyth ND, O'Sullivan M, Feehan S, Ridgway PF, Conlon KC. The prevalence of malnutrition and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in chronic pancreatitis. Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2014;29(3):348-54. DOI: 10.1177/0884533614528361Duggan SN, Smyth ND, Murphy A, Macnaughton D, O'Keefe SJ, Conlon KC. High prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2014;12(2):219-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.06.016Duggan SN, Smyth ND, Murphy A, Macnaughton D, O'Keefe SJ, Conlon KC. High prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2014;12(2):219-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.06.016Dujsikova H, Dite P, Tomandl J, Sevcikova A, Precechtelova M. Occurrence of metabolic osteopathy in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2008;8(6):583-6. DOI: 10.1159/000159845Dujsikova H, Dite P, Tomandl J, Sevcikova A, Precechtelova M. Occurrence of metabolic osteopathy in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2008;8(6):583-6. DOI: 10.1159/000159845Ito T, Kawa S, Matsumoto A, Kubota K, Kamisawa T, Okazaki K, et al. Risk Factors for Pancreatic Stone Formation in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Long-term Japanese Multicenter Analysis of 624 Patients. Pancreas. 2019;48(1):49-54. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001210Ito T, Kawa S, Matsumoto A, Kubota K, Kamisawa T, Okazaki K, et al. Risk Factors for Pancreatic Stone Formation in Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Long-term Japanese Multicenter Analysis of 624 Patients. Pancreas. 2019;48(1):49-54. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001210Maruyama M, Arakura N, Ozaki Y, Watanabe T, Ito T, Yoneda S, et al. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis can transform into chronic pancreatitis: a long-term follow-up study of 73 Japanese patients. International journal of rheumatology. 2013;2013:272595. DOI: 10.1155/2013/272595Maruyama M, Arakura N, Ozaki Y, Watanabe T, Ito T, Yoneda S, et al. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis can transform into chronic pancreatitis: a long-term follow-up study of 73 Japanese patients. International journal of rheumatology. 2013;2013:272595. DOI: 10.1155/2013/272595Bjornsson E, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Lindor K. Immunoglobulin G4 associated cholangitis: description of an emerging clinical entity based on review of the literature. Hepatology. 2007;45(6):1547-54. DOI: 10.1002/hep.21685Bjornsson E, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Lindor K. Immunoglobulin G4 associated cholangitis: description of an emerging clinical entity based on review of the literature. Hepatology. 2007;45(6):1547-54. DOI: 10.1002/hep.21685EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of hepatology. 2015;63(4):971-1004. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.030EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of hepatology. 2015;63(4):971-1004. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.06.030Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, et al. Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(3):706-15. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, et al. Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(3):706-15. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. Journal of hepatology. 2009;51(2):237-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. Journal of hepatology. 2009;51(2):237-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009Stone JH, Khosroshahi A, Deshpande V, Chan JK, Heathcote JG, Aalberse R, et al. Recommendations for the nomenclature of IgG4-related disease and its individual organ system manifestations. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2012;64(10):3061-7. DOI: 10.1002/art.34593Stone JH, Khosroshahi A, Deshpande V, Chan JK, Heathcote JG, Aalberse R, et al. Recommendations for the nomenclature of IgG4-related disease and its individual organ system manifestations. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2012;64(10):3061-7. DOI: 10.1002/art.34593Kamisawa T, Nakazawa T, Tazuma S, Zen Y, Tanaka A, Ohara H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for IgG4-re-lated sclerosing cholangitis. Journal of hepato-biliary-pan-creatic sciences. 2019;26(1):9-42. DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.596Kamisawa T, Nakazawa T, Tazuma S, Zen Y, Tanaka A, Ohara H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for IgG4-re-lated sclerosing cholangitis. Journal of hepato-biliary-pan-creatic sciences. 2019;26(1):9-42. DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.596Beuers U, Gershwin ME, Gish RG, Invernizzi P, Jones DE, Lindor K, et al. Changing nomenclature for PBC: From ‘cirrhosis' to ‘cholangitis'. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology. 2015;39(5):e57-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.08.001Beuers U, Gershwin ME, Gish RG, Invernizzi P, Jones DE, Lindor K, et al. Changing nomenclature for PBC: From ‘cirrhosis' to ‘cholangitis'. Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology. 2015;39(5):e57-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.08.001Tanaka A, Tazuma S, Okazaki K, Nakazawa T, Inui K, Chiba T, et al. Clinical Features, Response to Treatment, and Outcomes of IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2017;15(6):920-6.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.12.038Tanaka A, Tazuma S, Okazaki K, Nakazawa T, Inui K, Chiba T, et al. Clinical Features, Response to Treatment, and Outcomes of IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2017;15(6):920-6.e3. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.12.038de Vries E, Tielbeke F, Hubers L, Helder J, Mostafavi N, Verheij J, et al. IgG4/IgG RNA ratio does not accurately discriminate IgG4-related disease from pan-creatobiliary cancer. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(4):100116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100116de Vries E, Tielbeke F, Hubers L, Helder J, Mostafavi N, Verheij J, et al. IgG4/IgG RNA ratio does not accurately discriminate IgG4-related disease from pan-creatobiliary cancer. JHEP Rep. 2020;2(4):100116. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100116Nakazawa T, Ikeda Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kitagawa H, Takada H, Takeda Y, et al. Isolated intrapancreatic IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2015;21(4):1334-43. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1334Nakazawa T, Ikeda Y, Kawaguchi Y, Kitagawa H, Takada H, Takeda Y, et al. Isolated intrapancreatic IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2015;21(4):1334-43. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1334Matsubayashi H, Uesaka K, Sugiura T, Ohgi K, Sasaki K, Ono H. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis without obvious pancreatic lesion: difficulty in differential diagnosis. Journal of digestive diseases. 2014;15(7):394-403. DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12149Matsubayashi H, Uesaka K, Sugiura T, Ohgi K, Sasaki K, Ono H. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis without obvious pancreatic lesion: difficulty in differential diagnosis. Journal of digestive diseases. 2014;15(7):394-403. DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12149Vujasinovic M, Maier P, Maetzel H, Valente R, Pozzi-Mucelli R, Moro CF, et al. Immunoglobulin G subtypes-1 and 2 differentiate immunoglobulin G4-associated sclerosing cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis. United European gastroenterology journal. 2020;8(5):584-93. DOI: 10.1177/2050640620916027Vujasinovic M, Maier P, Maetzel H, Valente R, Pozzi-Mucelli R, Moro CF, et al. Immunoglobulin G subtypes-1 and 2 differentiate immunoglobulin G4-associated sclerosing cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis. United European gastroenterology journal. 2020;8(5):584-93. DOI: 10.1177/2050640620916027Nakazawa T, Naitoh I, Hayashi K, Okumura F, Miyabe K, Yoshida M, et al. Diagnostic criteria for IgG4-re-lated sclerosing cholangitis based on cholangiographic classification. Journal of gastroenterology. 2012;47(1):79-87. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0465-zNakazawa T, Naitoh I, Hayashi K, Okumura F, Miyabe K, Yoshida M, et al. Diagnostic criteria for IgG4-re-lated sclerosing cholangitis based on cholangiographic classification. Journal of gastroenterology. 2012;47(1):79-87. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0465-zHuggett MT, Culver EL, Kumar M, Hurst JM, Rodriguez-Justo M, Chapman MH, et al. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis is associated with extrapancreatic organ failure, malignancy, and mortality in a prospective UK cohort. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2014;109(10):1675-83. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.223Huggett MT, Culver EL, Kumar M, Hurst JM, Rodriguez-Justo M, Chapman MH, et al. Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis is associated with extrapancreatic organ failure, malignancy, and mortality in a prospective UK cohort. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2014;109(10):1675-83. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.223Sandanayake NS, Church NI, Chapman MH, Johnson GJ, Dhar DK, Amin Z, et al. Presentation and management of post-treatment relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis/ immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2009;7(10):1089-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.03.021Sandanayake NS, Church NI, Chapman MH, Johnson GJ, Dhar DK, Amin Z, et al. Presentation and management of post-treatment relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis/ immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2009;7(10):1089-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.03.021Tanaka A, Tazuma S, Okazaki K, Tsubouchi H, Inui K, Takikawa H. Nationwide survey for primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis in Japan. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences. 2014;21(1):43-50. DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.50Tanaka A, Tazuma S, Okazaki K, Tsubouchi H, Inui K, Takikawa H. Nationwide survey for primary sclerosing cholangitis and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis in Japan. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences. 2014;21(1):43-50. DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.50Xiao J, Xu P, Li B, Hong T, Liu W, He X, et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment of immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: A retrospective cohort study of 39 IAC patients. Medicine. 2018;97(8):e9767. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009767Xiao J, Xu P, Li B, Hong T, Liu W, He X, et al. Analysis of clinical characteristics and treatment of immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: A retrospective cohort study of 39 IAC patients. Medicine. 2018;97(8):e9767. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009767Liu W, Chen W, He X, Qu Q, Hong T, Li B. Poor response of initial steroid therapy for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with multiple organs affected. Medicine. 2017;96(12):e6400. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006400Liu W, Chen W, He X, Qu Q, Hong T, Li B. Poor response of initial steroid therapy for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with multiple organs affected. Medicine. 2017;96(12):e6400. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006400Buijs J, van Heerde MJ, Rauws EA, de Buy Wenniger LJ, Hansen BE, Biermann K, et al. Comparable efficacy of low- versus high-dose induction corticosteroid treatment in autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2014;43(2):261-7. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000044Buijs J, van Heerde MJ, Rauws EA, de Buy Wenniger LJ, Hansen BE, Biermann K, et al. Comparable efficacy of low- versus high-dose induction corticosteroid treatment in autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2014;43(2):261-7. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000044Brito-Zeron P, Kostov B, Bosch X, Acar-Denizli N, Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH. Therapeutic approach to IgG4-related disease: A systematic review. Medicine. 2016;95(26):e4002. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004002Brito-Zeron P, Kostov B, Bosch X, Acar-Denizli N, Ramos-Casals M, Stone JH. Therapeutic approach to IgG4-related disease: A systematic review. Medicine. 2016;95(26):e4002. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004002Umemura T, Zen Y, Hamano H, Kawa S, Nakanuma Y, Kiyosawa K. Immunoglobin G4-hepatopathy: association of immunoglobin G4-bearing plasma cells in liver with autoimmune pancreatitis. Hepatology. 2007;46(2):463-71. DOI: 10.1002/hep.21700Umemura T, Zen Y, Hamano H, Kawa S, Nakanuma Y, Kiyosawa K. Immunoglobin G4-hepatopathy: association of immunoglobin G4-bearing plasma cells in liver with autoimmune pancreatitis. Hepatology. 2007;46(2):463-71. DOI: 10.1002/hep.21700Umemura T, Zen Y, Hamano H, Joshita S, Ichijo T, Yoshizawa K, et al. Clinical significance of immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46 Suppl 1:48-55. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0323-4Umemura T, Zen Y, Hamano H, Joshita S, Ichijo T, Yoshizawa K, et al. Clinical significance of immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2011;46 Suppl 1:48-55. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0323-4Chung H, Watanabe T, Kudo M, Maenishi O, Wakatsu-ki Y, Chiba T. Identification and characterization of IgG4-associated autoimmune hepatitis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2010;30(2):222-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02092.xChung H, Watanabe T, Kudo M, Maenishi O, Wakatsu-ki Y, Chiba T. Identification and characterization of IgG4-associated autoimmune hepatitis. Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver. 2010;30(2):222-31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02092.xCanivet CM, Anty R, Patouraux S, Saint-Paul MC, Le-beaupin C, Gual P, et al. Immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis may be found in Western countries. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016;48(3):302-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.10.005Canivet CM, Anty R, Patouraux S, Saint-Paul MC, Le-beaupin C, Gual P, et al. Immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis may be found in Western countries. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016;48(3):302-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.10.005Castillo-Rama M, Sebagh M, Sasatomi E, Randhawa P, Isse K, Salgarkar AD, et al. «Plasma cell hepatitis» in liver allografts: identification and characterization of an IgG4-rich cohort. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(11):2966-77. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12413Castillo-Rama M, Sebagh M, Sasatomi E, Randhawa P, Isse K, Salgarkar AD, et al. «Plasma cell hepatitis» in liver allografts: identification and characterization of an IgG4-rich cohort. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(11):2966-77. DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12413Ahn KS, Kang KJ, Kim YH, Lim TJ, Jung HR, Kang YN, et al. Inflammatory pseudotumors mimicking intrahe-patic cholangiocarcinoma of the liver; IgG4-positivity and its clinical significance. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancre-atic sciences. 2012;19(4):405-12. DOI: 10.1007/s00534-011-0436-zAhn KS, Kang KJ, Kim YH, Lim TJ, Jung HR, Kang YN, et al. Inflammatory pseudotumors mimicking intrahe-patic cholangiocarcinoma of the liver; IgG4-positivity and its clinical significance. Journal of hepato-biliary-pancre-atic sciences. 2012;19(4):405-12. DOI: 10.1007/s00534-011-0436-zSheng RF, Zhai CW, Ji Y, Chen CZ, Yang L, Zeng MS. Role of MR in the differentiation of IgG4-related from non-IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2017;16(6):631-7. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60062-6Sheng RF, Zhai CW, Ji Y, Chen CZ, Yang L, Zeng MS. Role of MR in the differentiation of IgG4-related from non-IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2017;16(6):631-7. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(17)60062-6Yamamoto H, Yamaguchi H, Aishima S, Oda Y, Ko-hashi K, Oshiro Y, et al. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor versus IgG4-related sclerosing disease and inflammatory pseudotumor: a comparative clinicopathologic study. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2009;33(9):1330-40. DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181a5a207Yamamoto H, Yamaguchi H, Aishima S, Oda Y, Ko-hashi K, Oshiro Y, et al. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor versus IgG4-related sclerosing disease and inflammatory pseudotumor: a comparative clinicopathologic study. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2009;33(9):1330-40. DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181a5a207Zen Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Sato Y, Tsuneyama K, Haratake J, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with and without hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, and sclerosing pancreatitis-associated sclerosing cholangitis: do they belong to a spectrum of sclerosing pancreatitis? The American journal of surgical pathology. 2004;28(9):1193-203. DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000136449.37936.6cZen Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Sato Y, Tsuneyama K, Haratake J, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis with and without hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor, and sclerosing pancreatitis-associated sclerosing cholangitis: do they belong to a spectrum of sclerosing pancreatitis? The American journal of surgical pathology. 2004;28(9):1193-203. DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000136449.37936.6cKo Y, Woo JY, Kim JW, Hong HS, Yang I, Lee Y, et al. An immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease of the small bowel: CT and small bowel series findings. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2013;14(5):776-80. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.5.776Ko Y, Woo JY, Kim JW, Hong HS, Yang I, Lee Y, et al. An immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease of the small bowel: CT and small bowel series findings. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2013;14(5):776-80. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.5.776Ciccone F, Ciccone A, Di Ruscio M, Vernia F, Cipolloni G, Coletti G, et al. IgG4-Related Disease Mimicking Crohn's Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2018;63(4):1072-86. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4950-6Ciccone F, Ciccone A, Di Ruscio M, Vernia F, Cipolloni G, Coletti G, et al. IgG4-Related Disease Mimicking Crohn's Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2018;63(4):1072-86. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-4950-6Bilal M, Gulati A, Clarke K. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-associated pouchitis — Part of IgG4 related disease? A case series and review of the literature. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016;48(7):817-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.010Bilal M, Gulati A, Clarke K. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-associated pouchitis — Part of IgG4 related disease? A case series and review of the literature. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2016;48(7):817-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.010Obiorah I, Hussain A, Palese C, Azumi N, Benjamin S, Ozdemirli M. IgG4-related disease involving the esophagus: a clinicopathological study. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / ISDE. 2017;30(12):1-7. DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox091Obiorah I, Hussain A, Palese C, Azumi N, Benjamin S, Ozdemirli M. IgG4-related disease involving the esophagus: a clinicopathological study. Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / ISDE. 2017;30(12):1-7. DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox091Notohara K, Kamisawa T, Uchida K, Zen Y, Kawano M, Kasashima S, et al. Gastrointestinal manifestation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: clarification through a multicenter survey. Journal of gastroenterology. 2018;53(7):845-53. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1420-4Notohara K, Kamisawa T, Uchida K, Zen Y, Kawano M, Kasashima S, et al. Gastrointestinal manifestation of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: clarification through a multicenter survey. Journal of gastroenterology. 2018;53(7):845-53. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1420-4Topal F, Sarita^ Yuksel E, Ekinci N, Pekdiker M, Cakalagaoglu F, Alper E, et al. The prevalence of IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltrates in inflammatory bowel disease patients without autoimmune pancreatitis. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology. 2014;25(5):558—62. DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2014.5714Topal F, Sarita^ Yuksel E, Ekinci N, Pekdiker M, Cakalagaoglu F, Alper E, et al. The prevalence of IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltrates in inflammatory bowel disease patients without autoimmune pancreatitis. The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology. 2014;25(5):558—62. DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2014.5714Notohara K, Nishimori I, Mizuno N, Okazaki K, Ito T, Kawa S, et al. Clinicopathological Features of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Japan: Results of a Multicenter Survey. Pancreas. 2015;44(7):1072-7. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000438Notohara K, Nishimori I, Mizuno N, Okazaki K, Ito T, Kawa S, et al. Clinicopathological Features of Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Japan: Results of a Multicenter Survey. Pancreas. 2015;44(7):1072-7. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000438Choi SB, Lim CH, Cha MG, Kang WK. IgG4-related disease of the rectum. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2016;90(5):292—5. DOI: 10.4174/astr.2016.90.5.292Choi SB, Lim CH, Cha MG, Kang WK. IgG4-related disease of the rectum. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2016;90(5):292—5. DOI: 10.4174/astr.2016.90.5.292Fujita K, Naganuma M, Saito E, Suzuki S, Araki A, Negi M, et al. Histologically confirmed IgG4-related small intestinal lesions diagnosed via double balloon enteroscopy. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2012;57(12):3303—6. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2267-4Fujita K, Naganuma M, Saito E, Suzuki S, Araki A, Negi M, et al. Histologically confirmed IgG4-related small intestinal lesions diagnosed via double balloon enteroscopy. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2012;57(12):3303—6. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2267-4Harada A, Torisu T, Sakuma T, Esaki M. A case of duodenal bulb involvement of Immunoglobulin G4 related disease complicated by ulcerative colitis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2018;50(5):515. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.12.003Harada A, Torisu T, Sakuma T, Esaki M. A case of duodenal bulb involvement of Immunoglobulin G4 related disease complicated by ulcerative colitis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2018;50(5):515. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.12.003Watanabe A, Goto T, Kamo H, Komine R, Kuroki N, Sugase T, et al. Resection of lesions in the ileum of patients with IgG4-related disease may ameliorate disease progression without steroid administration. Surgical case reports. 2018;4(1):148. DOI: 10.1186/s40792-018-0546-9Watanabe A, Goto T, Kamo H, Komine R, Kuroki N, Sugase T, et al. Resection of lesions in the ileum of patients with IgG4-related disease may ameliorate disease progression without steroid administration. Surgical case reports. 2018;4(1):148. DOI: 10.1186/s40792-018-0546-9Abe A, Manabe T, Takizawa N, Ueki T, Yamada D, Nagayoshi K, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis causing bowel obstruction: a case report. Surgical case reports. 2016;2(1):120. DOI: 10.1186/s40792-016-0248-0Abe A, Manabe T, Takizawa N, Ueki T, Yamada D, Nagayoshi K, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis causing bowel obstruction: a case report. Surgical case reports. 2016;2(1):120. DOI: 10.1186/s40792-016-0248-0Comtesse S, Friemel J, Fankhauser R, Weber A. Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis of the cecal pole and appendix vermiformis with increase of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2014;464(1):113—6. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1507-0Comtesse S, Friemel J, Fankhauser R, Weber A. Enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis of the cecal pole and appendix vermiformis with increase of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2014;464(1):113—6. DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1507-0Kim HS, Kang WK, Chung DJ. Appendiceal Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Mimicking Appendiceal Tumor or Appendicitis: A Case Report. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2016;17(1):56-8. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.1.56Kim HS, Kang WK, Chung DJ. Appendiceal Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Mimicking Appendiceal Tumor or Appendicitis: A Case Report. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2016;17(1):56-8. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.1.56Hiyoshi Y, Oki E, Zaitsu Y, Ando K, Ito S, Saeki H, et al. IgG4-related disease of the ileocecal region mimicking malignancy: A case report. International journal of surgery case reports. 2014;5(10):669—72. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.08.003Hiyoshi Y, Oki E, Zaitsu Y, Ando K, Ito S, Saeki H, et al. IgG4-related disease of the ileocecal region mimicking malignancy: A case report. International journal of surgery case reports. 2014;5(10):669—72. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.08.003Fujita T, Ando T, Sakakibara M, Hosoda W, Goto H. Refractory gastric ulcer with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration: a case report. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2010; 16( 17):2183-6. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i17.2183Fujita T, Ando T, Sakakibara M, Hosoda W, Goto H. Refractory gastric ulcer with abundant IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration: a case report. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2010; 16( 17):2183-6. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i17.2183Wong DD, Pillai SR, Kumarasinghe MP, McGettigan B, Thin LW, Segarajasingam DS, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing disease of the small bowel presenting as necrotizing mesenteric arteritis and a solitary jejunal ulcer. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2012;36(6):929— 34. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182495c96Wong DD, Pillai SR, Kumarasinghe MP, McGettigan B, Thin LW, Segarajasingam DS, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing disease of the small bowel presenting as necrotizing mesenteric arteritis and a solitary jejunal ulcer. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2012;36(6):929— 34. DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182495c96Hasosah MY, Satti MB, Yousef YA, Alzahrani DM, Almutairi SA, Alsahafi AF, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis in a 7-year-old Saudi girl. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. 2014;20(6):385-8. DOI: 10.4103/13193767.145333Hasosah MY, Satti MB, Yousef YA, Alzahrani DM, Almutairi SA, Alsahafi AF, et al. IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis in a 7-year-old Saudi girl. Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. 2014;20(6):385-8. DOI: 10.4103/13193767.145333Coulier B, Montfort L, Beniuga G, Pierard F, Gielen I. Small bowel obstruction caused by peritoneal immunoglobulin g4-related disease mimicking carcinomatosis: case report. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2014;15(1):66-71. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2014.15.1.66Coulier B, Montfort L, Beniuga G, Pierard F, Gielen I. Small bowel obstruction caused by peritoneal immunoglobulin g4-related disease mimicking carcinomatosis: case report. Korean journal of radiology : official journal of the Korean Radiological Society. 2014;15(1):66-71. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2014.15.1.66Skorus U, Kenig J, Mastalerz K. IgG4-related disease manifesting as an isolated gastric lesion- a literature review. Polski przeglad chirurgiczny. 2018;90(4):41—5. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.0976Skorus U, Kenig J, Mastalerz K. IgG4-related disease manifesting as an isolated gastric lesion- a literature review. Polski przeglad chirurgiczny. 2018;90(4):41—5. DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.0976Lin W, Lu S, Chen H, Wu Q, Fei Y, Li M, et al. Clinical characteristics of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a prospective study of 118 Chinese patients. Rheumatology. 2015;54(11):1982-90. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev203Lin W, Lu S, Chen H, Wu Q, Fei Y, Li M, et al. Clinical characteristics of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a prospective study of 118 Chinese patients. Rheumatology. 2015;54(11):1982-90. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev203Wallace ZS, Deshpande V, Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Kulikova M, Pillai S, et al. IgG4-Related Disease: Clinical and Laboratory Features in One Hundred Twenty-Five Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2466—75. DOI: 10.1002/art.39205Wallace ZS, Deshpande V, Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Kulikova M, Pillai S, et al. IgG4-Related Disease: Clinical and Laboratory Features in One Hundred Twenty-Five Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2466—75. DOI: 10.1002/art.39205Wallace ZS, Zhang Y, Perugino CA, Naden R, Choi HK, Stone JH. Clinical phenotypes of IgG4-related disease: an analysis of two international cross-sectional cohorts. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2019;78(3):406— 12. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214603Wallace ZS, Zhang Y, Perugino CA, Naden R, Choi HK, Stone JH. Clinical phenotypes of IgG4-related disease: an analysis of two international cross-sectional cohorts. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2019;78(3):406— 12. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214603Ebbo M, Grados A, Bernit E, Vely F, Boucraut J, Harle JR, et al. Pathologies Associated with Serum IgG4 Elevation. International journal of rheumatology. 2012;2012:602809. DOI: 10.1155/2012/602809Ebbo M, Grados A, Bernit E, Vely F, Boucraut J, Harle JR, et al. Pathologies Associated with Serum IgG4 Elevation. International journal of rheumatology. 2012;2012:602809. DOI: 10.1155/2012/602809Campochiaro C, Ramirez GA, Bozzolo EP, Lanzillotta M, Berti A, Baldissera E, et al. IgG4-related disease in Italy: clinical features and outcomes of a large cohort of patients. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2016;45(2): 135— 45. DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1055796Campochiaro C, Ramirez GA, Bozzolo EP, Lanzillotta M, Berti A, Baldissera E, et al. IgG4-related disease in Italy: clinical features and outcomes of a large cohort of patients. Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. 2016;45(2): 135— 45. DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1055796Martinez-Pimienta G, Noriega-Alvarez E, Simo-Perdigo M. Study of systemic disease IgG4. Usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose -positron emission to-mography/computed tomography for staging, selection of biopsy site, evaluation of treatment response and followup. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4(3):222-5. DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.16118Martinez-Pimienta G, Noriega-Alvarez E, Simo-Perdigo M. Study of systemic disease IgG4. Usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose -positron emission to-mography/computed tomography for staging, selection of biopsy site, evaluation of treatment response and followup. Eur J Rheumatol. 2017;4(3):222-5. DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.16118Inoue D, Yoshida K, Yoneda N, Ozaki K, Matsubara T, Nagai K, et al. IgG4-related disease: dataset of 235 consecutive patients. Medicine. 2015;94(15):e680. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000680Inoue D, Yoshida K, Yoneda N, Ozaki K, Matsubara T, Nagai K, et al. IgG4-related disease: dataset of 235 consecutive patients. Medicine. 2015;94(15):e680. DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000680Sekiguchi H, Horie R, Kanai M, Suzuki R, Yi ES, Ryu JH. IgG4-Related Disease: Retrospective Analysis of One Hundred Sixty-Six Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(9):2290-9. DOI: 10.1002/art.39686Sekiguchi H, Horie R, Kanai M, Suzuki R, Yi ES, Ryu JH. IgG4-Related Disease: Retrospective Analysis of One Hundred Sixty-Six Patients. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(9):2290-9. DOI: 10.1002/art.39686Yamada K, Yamamoto M, Saeki T, Mizushima I, Mat-sui S, Fujisawa Y, et al. New clues to the nature of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a retrospective Japanese multicenter study of baseline clinical features of 334 cases. Arthritis research & therapy. 2017;19(1):262. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1467-xYamada K, Yamamoto M, Saeki T, Mizushima I, Mat-sui S, Fujisawa Y, et al. New clues to the nature of immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a retrospective Japanese multicenter study of baseline clinical features of 334 cases. Arthritis research & therapy. 2017;19(1):262. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1467-xvan Bommel EFH, Jansen I, Hendriksz TR, Aarnoudse A. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: prospective evaluation of incidence and clinicoradiologic presentation. Medicine. 2009;88(4): 193-201. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181afc420van Bommel EFH, Jansen I, Hendriksz TR, Aarnoudse A. Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: prospective evaluation of incidence and clinicoradiologic presentation. Medicine. 2009;88(4): 193-201. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181afc420Ebbo M, Daniel L, Pavic M, Seve P, Hamidou M, Andres E, et al. IgG4-related systemic disease: features and treatment response in a French cohort: results of a multicenter registry. Medicine. 2012;91(1):49-56. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e3182433d77Ebbo M, Daniel L, Pavic M, Seve P, Hamidou M, Andres E, et al. IgG4-related systemic disease: features and treatment response in a French cohort: results of a multicenter registry. Medicine. 2012;91(1):49-56. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e3182433d77Khosroshahi A, Wallace ZS, Crowe JL, Akamizu T, Azumi A, Carruthers MN, et al. International Consensus Guidance Statement on the Management and Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(7):1688-99. DOI: 10.1002/art.39132Khosroshahi A, Wallace ZS, Crowe JL, Akamizu T, Azumi A, Carruthers MN, et al. International Consensus Guidance Statement on the Management and Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(7):1688-99. DOI: 10.1002/art.39132Berti A, Della-Torre E, Gallivanone F, Canevari C, Milani R, Lanzillotta M, et al. Quantitative measurement of 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake reflects the expansion of circulating plasmablasts in IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology. 2017;56(12):2084-92. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex234Berti A, Della-Torre E, Gallivanone F, Canevari C, Milani R, Lanzillotta M, et al. Quantitative measurement of 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake reflects the expansion of circulating plasmablasts in IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology. 2017;56(12):2084-92. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex234Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Della-Torre E, Sekigami Y, Carruthers M, Wallace ZS, et al. De novo oligoclonal expansions of circulating plasmablasts in active and relapsing IgG4-related disease. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2014;134(3):679-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.034Mattoo H, Mahajan VS, Della-Torre E, Sekigami Y, Carruthers M, Wallace ZS, et al. De novo oligoclonal expansions of circulating plasmablasts in active and relapsing IgG4-related disease. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2014;134(3):679-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.034Grados A, Ebbo M, Piperoglou C, Groh M, Regent A, Samson M, et al. T Cell Polarization toward T(H)2/T(FH)2 and T(H)17/T(FH)17 in Patients with IgG4-Re-lated Disease. Frontiers in immunology. 2017;8:235. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00235Grados A, Ebbo M, Piperoglou C, Groh M, Regent A, Samson M, et al. T Cell Polarization toward T(H)2/T(FH)2 and T(H)17/T(FH)17 in Patients with IgG4-Re-lated Disease. Frontiers in immunology. 2017;8:235. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00235Akiyama M, Suzuki K, Yamaoka K, Yasuoka H, Takeshita M, Kaneko Y, et al. Number of Circulating Follicular Helper 2 T Cells Correlates With IgG4 and Inter-leukin-4 Levels and Plasmablast Numbers in IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2476-81. DOI: 10.1002/art.39209Akiyama M, Suzuki K, Yamaoka K, Yasuoka H, Takeshita M, Kaneko Y, et al. Number of Circulating Follicular Helper 2 T Cells Correlates With IgG4 and Inter-leukin-4 Levels and Plasmablast Numbers in IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(9):2476-81. DOI: 10.1002/art.39209Takahashi H, Yamashita H, Morooka M, Kubota K, Takahashi Y, Kaneko H, et al. The utility of FDG-PET/ CT and other imaging techniques in the evaluation of IgG4-related disease. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(4):331-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.010Takahashi H, Yamashita H, Morooka M, Kubota K, Takahashi Y, Kaneko H, et al. The utility of FDG-PET/ CT and other imaging techniques in the evaluation of IgG4-related disease. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81(4):331-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.010Zhang J, Chen H, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Niu N, Lin W, et al. Characterizing IgG4-related disease with 18F-FDG PET/ CT: a prospective cohort study. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. 2014;41(8):1624-34. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2729-3Zhang J, Chen H, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Niu N, Lin W, et al. Characterizing IgG4-related disease with 18F-FDG PET/ CT: a prospective cohort study. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. 2014;41(8):1624-34. DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2729-3Ebbo M, Grados A, Guedj E, Gobert D, Colavolpe C, Zaidan M, et al. Usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and evaluation of treatment response in IgG4-related disease: a retrospective multicenter study. Arthritis care & research. 2014;66(1):86-96. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22058Ebbo M, Grados A, Guedj E, Gobert D, Colavolpe C, Zaidan M, et al. Usefulness of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and evaluation of treatment response in IgG4-related disease: a retrospective multicenter study. Arthritis care & research. 2014;66(1):86-96. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22058Matsubayashi H, Furukawa H, Maeda A, Matsunaga K, Kanemoto H, Uesaka K, et al. Usefulness of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of distribution and activity of systemic lesions associated with autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2009;9(5):694-9. DOI: 10.1159/000199439Matsubayashi H, Furukawa H, Maeda A, Matsunaga K, Kanemoto H, Uesaka K, et al. Usefulness of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of distribution and activity of systemic lesions associated with autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2009;9(5):694-9. DOI: 10.1159/000199439Wallace ZS, Khosroshahi A, Carruthers MD, Perugino CA, Choi H, Campochiaro C, et al. An International Multispecialty Validation Study of the IgG4-Re-lated Disease Responder Index. Arthritis care & research. 2018;70(11):1671-8. DOI: 10.1002/acr.23543Wallace ZS, Khosroshahi A, Carruthers MD, Perugino CA, Choi H, Campochiaro C, et al. An International Multispecialty Validation Study of the IgG4-Re-lated Disease Responder Index. Arthritis care & research. 2018;70(11):1671-8. DOI: 10.1002/acr.23543Carruthers MN, Khosroshahi A, Augustin T, Deshpande V, Stone JH. The diagnostic utility of serum IgG4 concentrations in IgG4-related disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(1):14-8. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204907Carruthers MN, Khosroshahi A, Augustin T, Deshpande V, Stone JH. The diagnostic utility of serum IgG4 concentrations in IgG4-related disease. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(1):14-8. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204907Ghazale A, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Takahashi N, et al. Value of serum IgG4 in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and in distinguishing it from pancreatic cancer. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(8):1646-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01264.xGhazale A, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Takahashi N, et al. Value of serum IgG4 in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and in distinguishing it from pancreatic cancer. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(8):1646-53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01264.xDella-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Doglioni C. Immunology of IgG4-related disease. Clinical and experimental immunology. 2015;181(2):191-206. DOI: 10.1111/cei.12641Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Doglioni C. Immunology of IgG4-related disease. Clinical and experimental immunology. 2015;181(2):191-206. DOI: 10.1111/cei.12641Carruthers MN, Topazian MD, Khosroshahi A, Witzig TE, Wallace ZS, Hart PA, et al. Rituximab for IgG4-related disease: a prospective, open-label trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(6):1171-7. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206605Carruthers MN, Topazian MD, Khosroshahi A, Witzig TE, Wallace ZS, Hart PA, et al. Rituximab for IgG4-related disease: a prospective, open-label trial. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2015;74(6):1171-7. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206605Della-Torre E, Galli L, Franciotta D, Bozzolo EP, Briani C, Furlan R, et al. Diagnostic value of IgG4 Indices in IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Journal of neuroimmunology. 2014;266(1-2):82-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.008Della-Torre E, Galli L, Franciotta D, Bozzolo EP, Briani C, Furlan R, et al. Diagnostic value of IgG4 Indices in IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. Journal of neuroimmunology. 2014;266(1-2):82-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.10.008Della-Torre E, Passerini G, Furlan R, Roveri L, Chieffo R, Anzalone N, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in immunoglobulin G4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. The Journal of rheumatology. 2013;40(11):1927-9. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130678Della-Torre E, Passerini G, Furlan R, Roveri L, Chieffo R, Anzalone N, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in immunoglobulin G4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. The Journal of rheumatology. 2013;40(11):1927-9. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130678Lu LX, Della-Torre E, Stone JH, Clark SW. IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis: clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(6):785-93. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.243Lu LX, Della-Torre E, Stone JH, Clark SW. IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis: clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and treatment. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(6):785-93. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.243Lanzillotta M, Della-Torre E, Milani R, Bozzolo E, Bozzalla-Cassione E, Rovati L, et al. Increase of circulating memory B cells after glucocorticoid-induced remission identifies patients at risk of IgG4-related disease relapse. Arthritis research & therapy. 2018;20(1):222. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1718-5Lanzillotta M, Della-Torre E, Milani R, Bozzolo E, Bozzalla-Cassione E, Rovati L, et al. Increase of circulating memory B cells after glucocorticoid-induced remission identifies patients at risk of IgG4-related disease relapse. Arthritis research & therapy. 2018;20(1):222. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1718-5Lanzillotta M, Della-Torre E, Milani R, Bozzolo E, Bozzalla-Cassione E, Rovati L, et al. Effects of glucocorticoids on B-cell subpopulations in patients with IgG4-related disease. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2019;37 Suppl 118(3):159-66,Lanzillotta M, Della-Torre E, Milani R, Bozzolo E, Bozzalla-Cassione E, Rovati L, et al. Effects of glucocorticoids on B-cell subpopulations in patients with IgG4-related disease. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2019;37 Suppl 118(3):159-66,Thompson A, Whyte A. Imaging of IgG4-related disease of the head and neck. Clinical radiology. 2018;73(1):106-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.04.004Thompson A, Whyte A. Imaging of IgG4-related disease of the head and neck. Clinical radiology. 2018;73(1):106-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.04.004Narayan AK, Baer A, Fradin J. Sonographic findings of IgG4-related disease of the salivary glands: Case report and review of the literature. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU. 2018;46(1):73-7. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22482Narayan AK, Baer A, Fradin J. Sonographic findings of IgG4-related disease of the salivary glands: Case report and review of the literature. Journal of clinical ultrasound : JCU. 2018;46(1):73-7. DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22482George V, Tammisetti VS, Surabhi VR, Shanbhogue AK. Chronic fibrosing conditions in abdominal imaging. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2013;33(4):1053-80. DOI: 10.1148/rg.334125081George V, Tammisetti VS, Surabhi VR, Shanbhogue AK. Chronic fibrosing conditions in abdominal imaging. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2013;33(4):1053-80. DOI: 10.1148/rg.334125081Kim JH, Byun JH, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Lee MG. Atypical manifestations of IgG4-related sclerosing disease in the abdomen: imaging findings and pathologic correlations. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):102-12. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.8783Kim JH, Byun JH, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Lee MG. Atypical manifestations of IgG4-related sclerosing disease in the abdomen: imaging findings and pathologic correlations. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2013;200(1):102-12. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.8783Nakatani K, Nakamoto Y, Togashi K. Utility of FDG PET/CT in IgG4-related systemic disease. Clinical radiology. 2012;67(4):297-305. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.011Nakatani K, Nakamoto Y, Togashi K. Utility of FDG PET/CT in IgG4-related systemic disease. Clinical radiology. 2012;67(4):297-305. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.011Kamisawa T, Zen Y, Pillai S, Stone JH. IgG4-related disease. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1460-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60720-0Kamisawa T, Zen Y, Pillai S, Stone JH. IgG4-related disease. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1460-71. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60720-0Vlachou PA, Khalili K, Jang HJ, Fischer S, Hirsch-field GM, Kim TK. IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis and extrapancreatic manifestations. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2011;31(5):1379-402. DOI: 10.1148/rg.315105735Vlachou PA, Khalili K, Jang HJ, Fischer S, Hirsch-field GM, Kim TK. IgG4-related sclerosing disease: autoimmune pancreatitis and extrapancreatic manifestations. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2011;31(5):1379-402. DOI: 10.1148/rg.315105735Karim F, Loeffen J, Bramer W, Westenberg L, Verdijk R, van Hagen M, et al. IgG4-related disease: a systematic review of this unrecognized disease in pediatrics. Pediatric rheumatology online journal. 2016;14(1):18. DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0079-3Karim F, Loeffen J, Bramer W, Westenberg L, Verdijk R, van Hagen M, et al. IgG4-related disease: a systematic review of this unrecognized disease in pediatrics. Pediatric rheumatology online journal. 2016;14(1):18. DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0079-3Scheers I, Palermo JJ, Freedman S, Wilschanski M, Shah U, Abu-El-Haija M, et al. Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Children: Characteristic Features, Diagnosis, and Management. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2017;112(10):1604-11. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.85Scheers I, Palermo JJ, Freedman S, Wilschanski M, Shah U, Abu-El-Haija M, et al. Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Children: Characteristic Features, Diagnosis, and Management. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2017;112(10):1604-11. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.85Kolodziejczyk E, Wejnarska K, Oracz G. Autoimmune pancreatitis in the paediatric population — review of the literature and own experience. Dev Period Med. 2016;20(4):279-86,Kolodziejczyk E, Wejnarska K, Oracz G. Autoimmune pancreatitis in the paediatric population — review of the literature and own experience. Dev Period Med. 2016;20(4):279-86,Lee HM, Deheragoda M, Harrison P, Devlin J, Sellars M, Hadzic N, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis in children: A single centre experience in diagnosis, management and long term follow up. Pancreatology. 2019;19(1):169-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.11.004Lee HM, Deheragoda M, Harrison P, Devlin J, Sellars M, Hadzic N, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis in children: A single centre experience in diagnosis, management and long term follow up. Pancreatology. 2019;19(1):169-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.11.004Aydemir Y, Akcoren Z, Demir H, Saltik Temizel IN, Ozen H, Yuce A. Clinical and histopathological features of immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis in children. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2019;34(4):742-6. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14525Aydemir Y, Akcoren Z, Demir H, Saltik Temizel IN, Ozen H, Yuce A. Clinical and histopathological features of immunoglobulin G4-associated autoimmune hepatitis in children. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2019;34(4):742-6. DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14525Wolfson AR, Hamilos DL. Recent advances in understanding and managing IgG4-related disease. F1000Res. 2017;6. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9399.1Wolfson AR, Hamilos DL. Recent advances in understanding and managing IgG4-related disease. F1000Res. 2017;6. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9399.1Gregorio GV, Portmann B, Karani J, Harrison P, Donaldson PT, Vergani D, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16year prospective study. Hepatology. 2001;33(3):544-53. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.22131Gregorio GV, Portmann B, Karani J, Harrison P, Donaldson PT, Vergani D, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in childhood: a 16year prospective study. Hepatology. 2001;33(3):544-53. DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.22131Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;66(2):345-60. DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001801Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Baumann U, Czubkowski P, Debray D, Dezsofi A, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Autoimmune Liver Disease: ESPGHAN Hepatology Committee Position Statement. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;66(2):345-60. DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001801Smolka V, Karaskova E, Tkachyk O, Aiglova K, Ehrmann J, Michalkova K, et al. Long-term follow-up of children and adolescents with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2016;15(4):412-8. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60088-7Smolka V, Karaskova E, Tkachyk O, Aiglova K, Ehrmann J, Michalkova K, et al. Long-term follow-up of children and adolescents with primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2016;15(4):412-8. DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60088-7Scheers I, Palermo JJ, Freedman S, Wilschanski M, Shah U, Abu-El-Haija M, et al. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Childhood: Consensus From INSPPIRE. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;67(2):232-6. DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002028Scheers I, Palermo JJ, Freedman S, Wilschanski M, Shah U, Abu-El-Haija M, et al. Recommendations for Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Childhood: Consensus From INSPPIRE. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition. 2018;67(2):232-6. DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002028Parniczky A, Abu-El-Haija M, Husain S, Lowe M, Oracz G, Sahin-Toth M, et al. EPC/HPSG evidencebased guidelines for the management of pediatric pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2018;18(2):146-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.01.001Parniczky A, Abu-El-Haija M, Husain S, Lowe M, Oracz G, Sahin-Toth M, et al. EPC/HPSG evidencebased guidelines for the management of pediatric pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2018;18(2):146-60. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.01.001Fujii LL, Chari ST, El-Youssef M, Takahashi N, Topazian MD, Zhang L, et al. Pediatric pancreatic EUS-guided trucut biopsy for evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2013;77(5):824-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.019Fujii LL, Chari ST, El-Youssef M, Takahashi N, Topazian MD, Zhang L, et al. Pediatric pancreatic EUS-guided trucut biopsy for evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2013;77(5):824-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.019Scandavini C, Valente R, Rangelova E, Segersvard R, Arnelo U, Permert J, et al. Pancreatectomies for pancreatic neoplasms in pediatric and adolescent age: A single institution experience. Pancreatology. 2018;18(2):204-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.12.009Scandavini C, Valente R, Rangelova E, Segersvard R, Arnelo U, Permert J, et al. Pancreatectomies for pancreatic neoplasms in pediatric and adolescent age: A single institution experience. Pancreatology. 2018;18(2):204-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.12.009Kanno A, Nishimori I, Masamune A, Kikuta K, Hirota M, Kuriyama S, et al. Nationwide epidemiological survey of autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan. Pancreas. 2012;41(6):835-9. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182480c99Kanno A, Nishimori I, Masamune A, Kikuta K, Hirota M, Kuriyama S, et al. Nationwide epidemiological survey of autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan. Pancreas. 2012;41(6):835-9. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3182480c99Nishimori I, Tamakoshi A, Otsuki M. Prevalence of autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan from a nationwide survey in 2002. Journal of gastroenterology. 2007;42 Suppl 18:6-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2043-yNishimori I, Tamakoshi A, Otsuki M. Prevalence of autoimmune pancreatitis in Japan from a nationwide survey in 2002. Journal of gastroenterology. 2007;42 Suppl 18:6-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-007-2043-yIto T, Nakamura T, Fujimori N, Niina Y, Igarashi H, Oono T, et al. Characteristics of pancreatic diabetes in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of digestive diseases. 2011;12(3):210-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00498.xIto T, Nakamura T, Fujimori N, Niina Y, Igarashi H, Oono T, et al. Characteristics of pancreatic diabetes in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of digestive diseases. 2011;12(3):210-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2011.00498.xMiyazawa M, Takatori H, Shimakami T, Kawaguchi K, Kitamura K, Arai K, et al. Prognosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis after corticosteroid therapy-induced remission in terms of relapse and diabetes mellitus. PloS one. 2017;12(11):e0188549. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188549Miyazawa M, Takatori H, Shimakami T, Kawaguchi K, Kitamura K, Arai K, et al. Prognosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis after corticosteroid therapy-induced remission in terms of relapse and diabetes mellitus. PloS one. 2017;12(11):e0188549. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188549Ito N, Yagi K, Kawano M, Mori Y, Okazaki S, Chu-jo D, et al. Analysis of pancreatic endocrine function in patients with IgG4-related diseases, in whom autoimmune pancreatitis was ruled out by diagnostic imaging. Endocrine journal. 2014;61(8):765-72. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0078Ito N, Yagi K, Kawano M, Mori Y, Okazaki S, Chu-jo D, et al. Analysis of pancreatic endocrine function in patients with IgG4-related diseases, in whom autoimmune pancreatitis was ruled out by diagnostic imaging. Endocrine journal. 2014;61(8):765-72. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0078Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Katsotourchi AM, Amo-dio A, Gabbrielli A, Zamboni G, et al. Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in 21 patients suffering from autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid treatment. Pancreatology. 2010;10(2-3):129-33. DOI: 10.1159/000265945Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Katsotourchi AM, Amo-dio A, Gabbrielli A, Zamboni G, et al. Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function in 21 patients suffering from autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid treatment. Pancreatology. 2010;10(2-3):129-33. DOI: 10.1159/000265945Maire F, Rebours V, Vullierme MP, Couvelard A, Levy P, Hentic O, et al. Does tobacco influence the natural history of autoimmune pancreatitis? Pancreatology. 2014;14(4):284-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.05.793Maire F, Rebours V, Vullierme MP, Couvelard A, Levy P, Hentic O, et al. Does tobacco influence the natural history of autoimmune pancreatitis? Pancreatology. 2014;14(4):284-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.05.793Masuda A, Shiomi H, Matsuda T, Takenaka M, Arisaka Y, Azuma T, et al. The relationship between pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy and diabetes melli-tus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2014;14(5):361-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.07.005Masuda A, Shiomi H, Matsuda T, Takenaka M, Arisaka Y, Azuma T, et al. The relationship between pancreatic atrophy after steroid therapy and diabetes melli-tus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2014;14(5):361-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.07.005Nishimori I, Tamakoshi A, Kawa S, Tanaka S, Takeuchi K, Kamisawa T, et al. Influence of steroid therapy on the course of diabetes mellitus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis: findings from a nationwide survey in Japan. Pancreas. 2006;32(3):244-8. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000202950.02988.07Nishimori I, Tamakoshi A, Kawa S, Tanaka S, Takeuchi K, Kamisawa T, et al. Influence of steroid therapy on the course of diabetes mellitus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis: findings from a nationwide survey in Japan. Pancreas. 2006;32(3):244-8. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000202950.02988.07Miyamoto Y, Kamisawa T, Tabata T, Hara S, Kuru-ma S, Chiba K, et al. Short and long-term outcomes of diabetes mellitus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis after steroid therapy. Gut and liver. 2012;6(4):501-4. DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.4.501Miyamoto Y, Kamisawa T, Tabata T, Hara S, Kuru-ma S, Chiba K, et al. Short and long-term outcomes of diabetes mellitus in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis after steroid therapy. Gut and liver. 2012;6(4):501-4. DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2012.6.4.501Hirano K, Tada M, Sasahira N, Isayama H, Mizuno S, Takagi K, et al. Incidence of malignancies in patients with IgG4-related disease. Intern Med. 2014;53(3):171-6. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1342Hirano K, Tada M, Sasahira N, Isayama H, Mizuno S, Takagi K, et al. Incidence of malignancies in patients with IgG4-related disease. Intern Med. 2014;53(3):171-6. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.1342Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Tabeya T, Suzuki C, Naishiro Y, Ishigami K, et al. Risk of malignancies in IgG4-related disease. Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association. 2012;22(3):414-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0520-xYamamoto M, Takahashi H, Tabeya T, Suzuki C, Naishiro Y, Ishigami K, et al. Risk of malignancies in IgG4-related disease. Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association. 2012;22(3):414-8. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0520-xAsano J, Watanabe T, Oguchi T, Kanai K, Maruyama M, Ito T, et al. Association Between Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease and Malignancy within 12 Years after Diagnosis: An Analysis after Longterm Followup. The Journal of rheumatology. 2015;42(11):2135-42. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150436Asano J, Watanabe T, Oguchi T, Kanai K, Maruyama M, Ito T, et al. Association Between Immunoglobulin G4-related Disease and Malignancy within 12 Years after Diagnosis: An Analysis after Longterm Followup. The Journal of rheumatology. 2015;42(11):2135-42. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150436Wallace ZS, Wallace CJ, Lu N, Choi HK, Stone JH. Association of IgG4-Related Disease With History of Malignancy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(9):2283-9. DOI: 10.1002/art.39773Wallace ZS, Wallace CJ, Lu N, Choi HK, Stone JH. Association of IgG4-Related Disease With History of Malignancy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(9):2283-9. DOI: 10.1002/art.39773Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Malignancies in Korean patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease. International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2017;20(8):1028-35. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13093Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Malignancies in Korean patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease. International journal of rheumatic diseases. 2017;20(8):1028-35. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13093Shiokawa M, Kodama Y, Yoshimura K, Kawanami C, Mimura J, Yamashita Y, et al. Risk of cancer in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2013;108(4):610-7. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.465Shiokawa M, Kodama Y, Yoshimura K, Kawanami C, Mimura J, Yamashita Y, et al. Risk of cancer in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2013;108(4):610-7. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2012.465Schneider A, Hirth M, Munch M, Weiss C, Lohr JM, Ebert MP, et al. Risk of Cancer in Patients with Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Single-Center Experience from Germany. Digestion. 2017;95(2):172-80. DOI: 10.1159/000455963Schneider A, Hirth M, Munch M, Weiss C, Lohr JM, Ebert MP, et al. Risk of Cancer in Patients with Autoimmune Pancreatitis: A Single-Center Experience from Germany. Digestion. 2017;95(2):172-80. DOI: 10.1159/000455963Hart PA, Law RJ, Dierkhising RA, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Chari ST. Risk of cancer in autoimmune pancreatitis: a case-control study and review of the literature. Pancreas. 2014;43(3):417-21. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000053Hart PA, Law RJ, Dierkhising RA, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Chari ST. Risk of cancer in autoimmune pancreatitis: a case-control study and review of the literature. Pancreas. 2014;43(3):417-21. DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000053Lee HW, Moon SH, Kim MH, Cho DH, Jun JH, Nam K, et al. Relapse rate and predictors of relapse in a large single center cohort of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: long-term follow-up results after steroid therapy with short-duration maintenance treatment. Journal of gastroenterology. 2018;53(8):967-77. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1434-6Lee HW, Moon SH, Kim MH, Cho DH, Jun JH, Nam K, et al. Relapse rate and predictors of relapse in a large single center cohort of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: long-term follow-up results after steroid therapy with short-duration maintenance treatment. Journal of gastroenterology. 2018;53(8):967-77. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-018-1434-6Okamoto A, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. Recent Updates on the Relationship between Cancer and Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Intern Med. 2019;58(11):1533-9. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.2210-18Okamoto A, Watanabe T, Kamata K, Minaga K, Kudo M. Recent Updates on the Relationship between Cancer and Autoimmune Pancreatitis. Intern Med. 2019;58(11):1533-9. DOI:10.2169/internalmedicine.2210-18Choi SY, Kim SH, Kang TW, Song KD, Park HJ, Choi YH. Differentiating Mass-Forming Autoimmune Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on the Basis of Contrast-Enhanced MRI and DWI Findings. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2016;206(2):291-300. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.14974Choi SY, Kim SH, Kang TW, Song KD, Park HJ, Choi YH. Differentiating Mass-Forming Autoimmune Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma on the Basis of Contrast-Enhanced MRI and DWI Findings. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2016;206(2):291-300. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.14974Hur BY, Lee JM, Lee JE, Park JY, Kim SJ, Joo I, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the massforming type of autoimmune pancreatitis: comparison with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. 2012;36(1):188-97. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23609Hur BY, Lee JM, Lee JE, Park JY, Kim SJ, Joo I, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the massforming type of autoimmune pancreatitis: comparison with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. 2012;36(1):188-97. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23609Yata M, Suzuki K, Furuhashi N, Kawakami K, Kawai Y, Naganawa S. Comparison of the multidetectorrow computed tomography findings of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical radiology. 2016;71(3):203-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.024Yata M, Suzuki K, Furuhashi N, Kawakami K, Kawai Y, Naganawa S. Comparison of the multidetectorrow computed tomography findings of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clinical radiology. 2016;71(3):203-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.024Lee TY, Kim MH, Park DH, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim JS, et al. Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT for differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with atypical pancreatic imaging findings from pancreatic cancer. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2009;193(2):343-8. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.08.2297Lee TY, Kim MH, Park DH, Seo DW, Lee SK, Kim JS, et al. Utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT for differentiation of autoimmune pancreatitis with atypical pancreatic imaging findings from pancreatic cancer. AJR American journal of roentgenology. 2009;193(2):343-8. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.08.2297Imai K, Matsubayashi H, Fukutomi A, Uesaka K, Sasaki K, Ono H. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy using 22-gauge needle in diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2011;43(11):869-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.05.021Imai K, Matsubayashi H, Fukutomi A, Uesaka K, Sasaki K, Ono H. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy using 22-gauge needle in diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 2011;43(11):869-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.05.021Ishikawa T, Itoh A, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Matsub-ara H, Itoh Y, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the differentiation of type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2012;18(29):3883-8. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i29.3883Ishikawa T, Itoh A, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Matsub-ara H, Itoh Y, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the differentiation of type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 2012;18(29):3883-8. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i29.3883Morishima T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Yamamura T, Funasaka K, Nakamura M, et al. Prospective multicenter study on the usefulness of EUS-guided FNA biopsy for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2016;84(2):241-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.016Morishima T, Kawashima H, Ohno E, Yamamura T, Funasaka K, Nakamura M, et al. Prospective multicenter study on the usefulness of EUS-guided FNA biopsy for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2016;84(2):241-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.016Bang JY, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. A meta-analysis comparing ProCore and standard fine-needle aspiration needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Endoscopy. 2016;48(4):339-49. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393354Bang JY, Hawes R, Varadarajulu S. A meta-analysis comparing ProCore and standard fine-needle aspiration needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Endoscopy. 2016;48(4):339-49. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393354Khan MA, Grimm IS, Ali B, Nollan R, Tombazzi C, Ismail MK, et al. A meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration compared to endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle biopsy: diagnostic yield and the value of onsite cytopathological assessment. Endosc Int Open. 2017;5(5):E363-e75. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-101693Khan MA, Grimm IS, Ali B, Nollan R, Tombazzi C, Ismail MK, et al. A meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration compared to endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle biopsy: diagnostic yield and the value of onsite cytopathological assessment. Endosc Int Open. 2017;5(5):E363-e75. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-101693Karadsheh Z, Al-Haddad M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration needles: which one and in what situation? Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America. 2014;24(1):57-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2013.08.008Karadsheh Z, Al-Haddad M. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration needles: which one and in what situation? Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America. 2014;24(1):57-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2013.08.008Bateman AC, Culver EL, Sommerlad M, Chetty R. Intraduct papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a tumour linked with IgG4-related disease? J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(8):671-5. DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201516Bateman AC, Culver EL, Sommerlad M, Chetty R. Intraduct papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: a tumour linked with IgG4-related disease? J Clin Pathol. 2013;66(8):671-5. DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201516Chiba T, Marusawa H, Ushijima T. Inflammation-associated cancer development in digestive organs: mechanisms and roles for genetic and epigenetic modulation. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):550-63. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.009Chiba T, Marusawa H, Ushijima T. Inflammation-associated cancer development in digestive organs: mechanisms and roles for genetic and epigenetic modulation. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(3):550-63. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.009Kamisawa T, Horiguchi S, Hayashi Y, Yun X, Yamaguchi T, Tsuruta K, et al. K-ras mutation in the major duodenal papilla and gastric and colonic mucosa in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2010;45(7):771-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0211-yKamisawa T, Horiguchi S, Hayashi Y, Yun X, Yamaguchi T, Tsuruta K, et al. K-ras mutation in the major duodenal papilla and gastric and colonic mucosa in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2010;45(7):771-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-010-0211-yKaragiannis P, Gilbert AE, Josephs DH, Ali N, Dodev T, Saul L, et al. IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in melanoma. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2013;123(4):1457-74. DOI: 10.1172/jci65579Karagiannis P, Gilbert AE, Josephs DH, Ali N, Dodev T, Saul L, et al. IgG4 subclass antibodies impair antitumor immunity in melanoma. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2013;123(4):1457-74. DOI: 10.1172/jci65579Okazaki K, Chari ST, Frulloni L, Lerch MM, Kamisawa T, Kawa S, et al. International consensus for the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2017;17(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.003Okazaki K, Chari ST, Frulloni L, Lerch MM, Kamisawa T, Kawa S, et al. International consensus for the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2017;17(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.003Ozden I, Dizdaroglu F, Poyanli A, Emre A. Spontaneous regression of a pancreatic head mass and biliary obstruction due to autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2005;5(2-3):300-3. DOI: 10.1159/000085287Ozden I, Dizdaroglu F, Poyanli A, Emre A. Spontaneous regression of a pancreatic head mass and biliary obstruction due to autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2005;5(2-3):300-3. DOI: 10.1159/000085287Maire F, Le Baleur Y, Rebours V, Vullierme MP, Couvelard A, Voitot H, et al. Outcome of patients with type 1 or 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2011;106(1):151-6. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.314Maire F, Le Baleur Y, Rebours V, Vullierme MP, Couvelard A, Voitot H, et al. Outcome of patients with type 1 or 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2011;106(1):151-6. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.314Matsubayashi H, Kishida Y, Iwai T, Murai K, Yoshida M, Imai K, et al. Transpapillary biliary stenting is a risk factor for pancreatic stones in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Endosc Int Open. 2016;4(8):E912-7. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111201Matsubayashi H, Kishida Y, Iwai T, Murai K, Yoshida M, Imai K, et al. Transpapillary biliary stenting is a risk factor for pancreatic stones in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Endosc Int Open. 2016;4(8):E912-7. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-111201Yukutake M, Sasaki T, Serikawa M, Minami T, Okazaki A, Ishigaki T, et al. Timing of radiological improvement after steroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 2014;49(6):727-33. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.900822Yukutake M, Sasaki T, Serikawa M, Minami T, Okazaki A, Ishigaki T, et al. Timing of radiological improvement after steroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. 2014;49(6):727-33. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.900822Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, Maher MM, Saini S, Mueller PR, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features. Radiology. 2004;233(2):345-52. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2332031436Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, Maher MM, Saini S, Mueller PR, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features. Radiology. 2004;233(2):345-52. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2332031436Matsushita M, Yamashina M, Ikeura T, Shimatani M, Uchida K, Takaoka M, et al. Effective steroid pulse therapy for the biliary stenosis caused by autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(1):220-1,Matsushita M, Yamashina M, Ikeura T, Shimatani M, Uchida K, Takaoka M, et al. Effective steroid pulse therapy for the biliary stenosis caused by autoimmune pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2007;102(1):220-1,Masamune A, Nishimori I, Kikuta K, Tsuji I, Mi-zuno N, Iiyama T, et al. Randomised controlled trial of long-term maintenance corticosteroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut. 2017;66(3):487-94. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312049Masamune A, Nishimori I, Kikuta K, Tsuji I, Mi-zuno N, Iiyama T, et al. Randomised controlled trial of long-term maintenance corticosteroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis. Gut. 2017;66(3):487-94. DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312049Kawa S, Okazaki K, Kamisawa T, Kubo K, Ohara H, Hasebe O, et al. Amendment of the Japanese Consensus Guidelines for Autoimmune Pancreatitis, 2013 II. Extra-pancreatic lesions, differential diagnosis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2014;49(5):765-84. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0944-0Kawa S, Okazaki K, Kamisawa T, Kubo K, Ohara H, Hasebe O, et al. Amendment of the Japanese Consensus Guidelines for Autoimmune Pancreatitis, 2013 II. Extra-pancreatic lesions, differential diagnosis. Journal of gastroenterology. 2014;49(5):765-84. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-0944-0Kubota K, Kamisawa T, Okazaki K, Kawa S, Hira-no K, Hirooka Y, et al. Low-dose maintenance steroid treatment could reduce the relapse rate in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: a long-term Japanese multicenter analysis of 510 patients. Journal of gastroenterology. 2017;52(8):955-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1302-1Kubota K, Kamisawa T, Okazaki K, Kawa S, Hira-no K, Hirooka Y, et al. Low-dose maintenance steroid treatment could reduce the relapse rate in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: a long-term Japanese multicenter analysis of 510 patients. Journal of gastroenterology. 2017;52(8):955-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1302-1Topazian M, Witzig TE, Smyrk TC, Pulido JS, Levy MJ, Kamath PS, et al. Rituximab therapy for refractory biliary strictures in immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2008;6(3):364-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.12.020Topazian M, Witzig TE, Smyrk TC, Pulido JS, Levy MJ, Kamath PS, et al. Rituximab therapy for refractory biliary strictures in immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. 2008;6(3):364-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.12.020Khosroshahi A, Bloch DB, Deshpande V, Stone JH. Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2010;62(6):1755-62. DOI: 10.1002/art.27435Khosroshahi A, Bloch DB, Deshpande V, Stone JH. Rituximab therapy leads to rapid decline of serum IgG4 levels and prompt clinical improvement in IgG4-related systemic disease. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2010;62(6):1755-62. DOI: 10.1002/art.27435Soliman H, Vullierme MP, Maire F, Hentic O, Ruszniewski P, Levy P, et al. Risk factors and treatment of relapses in autoimmune pancreatitis: Rituximab is safe and effective. United European gastroenterology journal. 2019;7(8):1073-83. DOI: 10.1177/2050640619862459Soliman H, Vullierme MP, Maire F, Hentic O, Ruszniewski P, Levy P, et al. Risk factors and treatment of relapses in autoimmune pancreatitis: Rituximab is safe and effective. United European gastroenterology journal. 2019;7(8):1073-83. DOI: 10.1177/2050640619862459Naitoh I, Nakazawa T, Ohara H, Sano H, Ando T, Hayashi K, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis associated with various extrapancreatic lesions during a longterm clinical course successfully treated with azathioprine and corticosteroid maintenance therapy. Intern Med. 2009;48(23):2003-7. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.2695Naitoh I, Nakazawa T, Ohara H, Sano H, Ando T, Hayashi K, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis associated with various extrapancreatic lesions during a longterm clinical course successfully treated with azathioprine and corticosteroid maintenance therapy. Intern Med. 2009;48(23):2003-7. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.48.2695Rovati L, Lanzillotta M, Bozzolo E, Arcidiacono PG, Falconi M, Dagna L, et al. Methotrexate as Induction of Remission Therapy for Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2019;114(5):831-3. DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000232Rovati L, Lanzillotta M, Bozzolo E, Arcidiacono PG, Falconi M, Dagna L, et al. Methotrexate as Induction of Remission Therapy for Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2019;114(5):831-3. DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000232Della-Torre E, Campochiaro C, Bozzolo EP, Dagna L, Scotti R, Nicoletti R, et al. Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology. 2015;54(10):1934-6. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev244Della-Torre E, Campochiaro C, Bozzolo EP, Dagna L, Scotti R, Nicoletti R, et al. Methotrexate for maintenance of remission in IgG4-related disease. Rheumatology. 2015;54(10):1934-6. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev244Beaugerie L, Brousse N, Bouvier AM, Colombel JF, Lemann M, Cosnes J, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2009;374(9701):1617-25. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61302-7Beaugerie L, Brousse N, Bouvier AM, Colombel JF, Lemann M, Cosnes J, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders in patients receiving thiopurines for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2009;374(9701):1617-25. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61302-7Yunyun F, Yu P, Panpan Z, Xia Z, Linyi P, Jiaxin Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of low dose Mycophenolate mofetil treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a randomized clinical trial. Rheumatology. 2019;58(1):52-60. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key227Yunyun F, Yu P, Panpan Z, Xia Z, Linyi P, Jiaxin Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of low dose Mycophenolate mofetil treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a randomized clinical trial. Rheumatology. 2019;58(1):52-60. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key227Yunyun F, Yu C, Panpan Z, Hua C, Di W, Lidan Z, et al. Efficacy of Cyclophosphamide treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease with addition of glucocorticoids. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):6195. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06520-5Yunyun F, Yu C, Panpan Z, Hua C, Di W, Lidan Z, et al. Efficacy of Cyclophosphamide treatment for immunoglobulin G4-related disease with addition of glucocorticoids. Scientific reports. 2017;7(1):6195. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06520-5Park S, Chu LC, Hruban RH, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Yuille AL, et al. Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2020;101(9):555-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.03.002Park S, Chu LC, Hruban RH, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Yuille AL, et al. Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2020;101(9):555-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.03.002Lanzillotta M, Vinge-Holmquist O, Overbeek KA, Poulsen JL, Demirci AF, Macinga P, et al. PrescrAIP: A Pan-European Study on Current Treatment Regimens of Auto-Immune Pancreatitis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:408. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00408Lanzillotta M, Vinge-Holmquist O, Overbeek KA, Poulsen JL, Demirci AF, Macinga P, et al. PrescrAIP: A Pan-European Study on Current Treatment Regimens of Auto-Immune Pancreatitis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:408. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00408Vujasinovic M, Pozzi Mucelli RM, Valente R, Verbeke CS, Haas SL, Lohr JM. Kidney Involvement in Patients with Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(2): 258. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020258Vujasinovic M, Pozzi Mucelli RM, Valente R, Verbeke CS, Haas SL, Lohr JM. Kidney Involvement in Patients with Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis. J Clin Med. 2019;8(2): 258. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020258Zhang L, Chari S, Smyrk TC, Deshpande V, Kloppel G, Kojima M, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 and type 2: an international consensus study on histopathologic diagnostic criteria. Pancreas. 2011;40(8):1172-9. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318233bec5Zhang L, Chari S, Smyrk TC, Deshpande V, Kloppel G, Kojima M, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) type 1 and type 2: an international consensus study on histopathologic diagnostic criteria. Pancreas. 2011;40(8):1172-9. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318233bec5

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.