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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-2-65-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практические рекомендации Научного сообщества по содействию клиническому изучению микробиома человека (НСОИМ) и Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации (РГА) по применению пробиотиков, пребиотиков, синбиотиков и обогащенных ими функциональных пищевых продуктов для лечения и профилактики заболеваний гастроэнтерологического профиля у детей и взрослых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Practical Recommendations of Scientific Society for the Study of Human Microbiome and the Russian Gastroenterological Association on Use of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics and Functional Foods in Treatment and Prevention of Gastroenterological Diseases in Children and Adults</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкин Владимир Трофимович — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Ivashkin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), RAS Academician, Prof., Departmental Head, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kont07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-564X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маев Игорь Вениаминович — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Maev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Head of the Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics and Gastroenterology</p><p>127473, Moscow, Delegatskaya str., 20, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-2725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулганиева</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulganieva</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдулганиева Диана Ильдаровна — доктор медицинских наук, зав. кафедрой госпитальной терапии</p><p>420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana I. Abdulganieva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Chair of Hospital Therapy</p><p>420012, Kazan, Butlerova str., 49</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Diana_s@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-9980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеенко Сергей Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии Дальневосточного государственного медицинского университета (ДВГМУ), руководитель Клиники внутренних болезней Дорожной клинической больницы на ст.Хабаровск-1 Дальневосточной железной дороги (ДВЖД)</p><p>680000, Хабаровск, ул. Запарина, д. 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Alekseenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Chair of Hospital Therapy, Far-Eastern State Medical University; Head of the Internal Medicine Clinic, Khabarovsk-1 Railway Station Clinical Hospital, Far-Eastern Railways</p><p>680000, Khabarovsk, Zaparina str., 83</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sa.alexeenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелов Александр Васильевич — доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора, профессор кафедры детских болезней Института здоровья детей им. Н. Ф. Филатова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская д. 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Gorelov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Deputy Director for Science, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology; Prof., Chair of Infant Diseases, Filatov Institute of Children’s Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>111123, Moscow, Novogireevskaya str., 3a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zdn@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4200-4598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Ирина Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой педиатрии им. акад. Г. Н. Сперанского</p><p>Москва, улица Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Zakharova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Paediatrics named after Acad. G. N. Speranskiy</p><p>Moscow, Geroev Panfilovtsev str., 28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79166020368@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-789X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зольникова</surname><given-names>О. Ю,</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolnikova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зольникова Оксана Юрьевна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana Yu. Zolnikova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ks.med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-9234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкина</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkina</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкина Наталья Юрьевна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологи</p><p>127473, Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia Yu. Ivashkina — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics and Gastroenterology</p><p>127473, Moscow, Delegatskaya str. 20, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akliha@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочанская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochanskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корочанская Наталья Всеволодовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургии № 3 ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет»; руководитель гастроэнтерологического центра ГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница № 2»</p><p>350063, Краснодар, ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Korochanskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Surgery No. 3, Kuban State Medical University; Head of the Centre for Gastroenterology, Territorial Clinical Hospital No. 2</p><p>350063, Krasnodar, Mitrofana Sedina str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvk-gastro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-8831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маммаев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mammayev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маммаев Сулейман Нураттинович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии № 1, ректор</p><p>367000, Республика Дагестан, Махачкала, пл. Ленина, д.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Suleyman N. Mammayev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Headof the Chair of Hospital Therapy No. 1; Rector of the Dagestan State Medical University</p><p>367000, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Lenina sq., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hepar-sul-dag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-120X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полуэктова Елена Александровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Poluektova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polouektova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухманов Александр Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Trukhmanov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.trukhmanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-7337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Усенко Денис Валериевич — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, д. 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis V. Usenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</p><p>111123, Moscow, Novogireevskaya str., 3a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dusenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspensky</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Успенский Юрий Павлович — профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии им. профессора В. А. Вальдмана</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury P. Uspensky — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Faculty Therapy named after Prof. V. A. Valdman</p><p>194100, St. Petersburg, Litovskaya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uspenskiy65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-2294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуканов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsukanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цуканов Владислав Владимирович — профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий Клиническим отделением патологии пищеварительной системы у взрослых и детей</p><p>660022, Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 3г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav V. Tsukanov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Clinical Department of Adult and Infant Digestive Pathology</p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka str., 3Г</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gastro@impn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-2862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифрин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifrin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шифрин Олег Самуилович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского, заведующий отделением хронических заболеваний кишечника и поджелудочной железы клиники пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В. Х. Василенко</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Shifrin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine; Head of the Department of Chronic Intestinal and Pancreatic Diseases, Vasilenko Clinic of Internal DiseasePropaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg_shifrin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-7575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережная</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бережная Ирина Владимировна— кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии им. акад. Г.Н. Сперанского</p><p>Москва, улица Героев Панфиловцев, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Berezhnaya — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Paediatrics named after Acad. G. N. Speranskiy</p><p>Moscow, Geroev Panfilovtsev str., 28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezhnaya-irina26@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-541X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкин Константин Владимирович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Ivashkin — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkin_k_v_1@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-8725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапина Татьяна Львовна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana L. Lapina — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatlapina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-1636</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масленников</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslennikov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Масленников Роман Вячеславович — кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Maslennikov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Research Assistant, Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmmm00@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-8112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaeva</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николаева Светлана Викторовна — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник клинического отдела инфекционной патологии</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская д. 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Nikolaeva — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology</p><p>111123, Moscow, Novogireevskaya str., 3a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikolaeva008@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-5619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сугян</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sugyan</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сугян Наринэ Григорьевна— кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры педиатрии им. академика Г. Н. Сперанского</p><p>Москва, улица Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Narine G. Sugyan — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Paediatrics named after Acad. G.N. Speranskiy</p><p>Moscow, Geroev Panfilovtsev str., 28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">narine6969@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-5555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ульянин Анатолий Игоревич — врач отделения хронических заболеваний кишечника и поджелудочной железы клиники пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии им. В. Х. Василенко</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly I. Ulyanin — Physician, Department of Chronic Intestinal and Pancreatic Diseases, Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ulianin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный университет им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А. И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far-Eastern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный университет им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University); Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>6 ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБГНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр “Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук”», обособленное подразделение НИИ медицинских проблем Севера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North — Division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Центральный НИИ эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Абдулганиева Д.И., Алексеенко С.А., Горелов А.В., Захарова И.Н., Зольникова О.Ю., Ивашкина Н.Ю., Корочанская Н.В., Маммаев С.Н., Полуэктова Е.А., Трухманов А.С., Усенко Д.В., Успенский Ю.П., Цуканов В.В., Шифрин О.С., Бережная И.В., Ивашкин К.В., Лапина Т.Л., Масленников Р.В., Николаева С.В., Сугян Н.Г., Ульянин А.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Абдулганиева Д.И., Алексеенко С.А., Горелов А.В., Захарова И.Н., Зольникова О.Ю., Ивашкина Н.Ю., Корочанская Н.В., Маммаев С.Н., Полуэктова Е.А., Трухманов А.С., Усенко Д.В., Успенский Ю.П., Цуканов В.В., Шифрин О.С., Бережная И.В., Ивашкин К.В., Лапина Т.Л., Масленников Р.В., Николаева С.В., Сугян Н.Г., Ульянин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Abdulganieva D.I., Alekseenko S.A., Gorelov A.V., Zakharova I.N., Zolnikova O.Y., Ivashkina N.Y., Korochanskaya N.V., Mammayev S.N., Poluektova E.A., Trukhmanov A.S., Usenko D.V., Uspensky Y.P., Tsukanov V.V., Shifrin O.S., Berezhnaya I.V., Ivashkin K.V., Lapina T.L., Maslennikov R.V., Nikolaeva S.V., Sugyan N.G., Ulyanin A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/578">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/578</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель представления практических рекомендаций, предназначенных для врачей первичного звена здравоохранения, терапевтов, педиатров, гастроэнтерологов и врачей общей практики, — улучшить результаты лечения и профилактики заболеваний гастроэнтерологического профиля у взрослых и детей при назначении пробиотиков, пребиотиков, синбиотиков и обогащенных ими функциональных пищевых продуктов.</p><sec><title>Основное содержание</title><p>Основное содержание. Пробиотики — это живые микроорганизмы, которые приносят пользу здоровью организма хозяина при введении в адекватных количествах. К пребиотикам относят не перевариваемые пищеварительными ферментами человека, но ферментируемые кишечной микробиотой субстанции, которые приводят к специфическим изменениям в составе и/или активности кишечной микробиоты, принося таким образом пользу здоровью организма хозяина. В качестве механизма действия пробиотиков рассмотрены поддержание колонизационной резистентности, метаболизм пищевых субстратов и утилизация конечных метаболитов, продукция субстратов, необходимых для макроорганизма, а также регуляция местного и адаптивного иммунного ответа. Требования к реализации на территории Российской Федерации дифференцированы для биологически активных добавок к пище (БАД), лекарственных средств (ЛС) и функциональных пищевых продуктов (ФПП). Представлен обзор пробиотических штаммов, зарегистрированных на территории РФ в качестве БАД, ЛС, ФПП, а также рекомендации по применению данных штаммов для лечения и профилактики заболеваний гастроэнтерологического профиля у детей и взрослых.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Клиническая эффективность пробиотиков, пребиотиков, синбиотиков и обогащенных ими функциональных пищевых продуктов зависит от входящих в их состав пробиотических штаммов и пребиотиков и подтверждается путем сравнительного анализа результатов надлежащих клинических исследований. Не во всех пробиотиках, зарегистрированных на территории РФ в качестве БАД, ЛС и ФП, идентифицирован штамм, что не гарантирует развитие ожидаемого клинического эффекта. Законодательный механизм регулирования ФПП требует совершенствования регламента оборота и контроля терапевтической эффективности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The practical guidelines are intended for primary care physicians, general practitioners, paediatricians, gastroenterologists and general internists to advance the treatment and prevention of gastroenterological diseases in adults and children in therapies with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and their enriched functional foods.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Probiotics are live microorganisms that sustain health of the host when supplied in adequate amounts. Prebiotics include human-indigestible but accessible to gut microbiota substances expediting specific changes in the composition and/or activity of gastrointestinal microbiota that favour the host health. The mechanism of probiotic action comprises the quorum resistance maintenance, nutrient substrate metabolism and end metabolite recycling, macroorganism-sustaining substrate production, as well as the mediation of local and adaptive immune responses.</p><p>The Russian Federation regulates market differently for biologically active food additives (BAFA), medicinal products (drugs) and functional food products (FFP). We overview the probiotic strains regulated in Russia as BAFAs, drugs and FFPs and provide recommendations on the use of these strains in treatment and prevention of gastroenterological diseases in children and adults.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The clinical efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and fortified functional foods depends on the prebiotic and strain properties and is verified in appropriate comparative clinical trials. Not all probiotics registered in Russia as BAFAs, drugs and FFPs have a strain identity, which provides no warranty of the clinical effect expected. The FFP legislation demands improved regulation mechanisms and control for therapeutic efficacy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пробиотик</kwd><kwd>пробиотический штамм</kwd><kwd>пребиотик</kwd><kwd>синбиотик</kwd><kwd>функциональный пищевой продукт</kwd><kwd>функциональный пищевой ингредиент</kwd><kwd>острая диарея</kwd><kwd>антибиотикоассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>С. Difficile-ассоциированная болезнь</kwd><kwd>эрадикация H. Pylori</kwd><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Крона</kwd><kwd>паучит</kwd><kwd>синдром раздраженного кишечника</kwd><kwd>функциональный запор</kwd><kwd>функциональная диспепсия</kwd><kwd>профилактика диареи</kwd><kwd>печеночная энцефалопатия</kwd><kwd>гастроэнтерит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>probiotic</kwd><kwd>probiotic strain</kwd><kwd>prebiotic</kwd><kwd>symbiotic</kwd><kwd>functional food</kwd><kwd>functional food ingredient</kwd><kwd>acute diarrhea</kwd><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>C. difficile-associated disease</kwd><kwd>H. pylori eradication</kwd><kwd>inflammatory bowel disease</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>Crohn’s disease</kwd><kwd>pouchitis</kwd><kwd>irritable bowel syndrome</kwd><kwd>functional constipation</kwd><kwd>functional dyspepsia</kwd><kwd>diarrhoea prevention</kwd><kwd>hepatic encephalopathy</kwd><kwd>gastroenteritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Gastroenterology Organisation. 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