gastro-jРоссийский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологииRussian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology1382-43762658-6673«Gastro» LLC10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-7-16gastro-j-629Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОсобенности строения и функций сывороточного альбумина в норме и у пациентов с циррозом печениStructure and Functions of Human Serum Albumin in Normal Conditions and in Patients with Liver Cirrhosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-3691ТуркинаА. А.TurkinaA. A.

Туркина Анастасия Андреевна — аспирант кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии

119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1

Anastasia A. Turkina – PhD student, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases Gastroenterology and Hepatology119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1 

turkina_a_a@student.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-140XМаевскаяМ. В.MayevskayaM. V.

Маевская Марина Викторовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор

119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1

 Marina V. Mayevskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor 

119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1 

maevskaya_m_v@staff.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5939-1032ЖарковаМ. С.ZharkovaM. S.

Жаркова Мария Сергеевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением гепатологии Клиники пропедевтики внутренних болезней,  гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко

119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, 1, стр. 1

Maria S. Zharkova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Hepatology Department, Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and  Hepatology 

119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1 

zharkova_maria_s@staff.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015ИвашкинВ. Т.IvashkinV. T.

Ивашкин Владимир Трофимович — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии

119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1 

Vladimir T. Ivashkin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), RAS Academician, Prof., Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology 

119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, build. 1 

ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ruФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202230082022324716Copyright © Туркина А.А., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., Ивашкин В.Т., 20222022Туркина А.А., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С., Ивашкин В.Т.Turkina A.A., Mayevskaya M.V., Zharkova M.S., Ivashkin V.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/629

Цель обзора: осветить основные моменты синтеза, посттрансляционной модификации и функции альбумина в норме и при циррозе печени.Основные положения. В плазме крови альбумин находится в наибольшей концентрации. Наряду с онкотическими свойствами альбумин выполняет транспортную, антиоксидантную, иммуномодулирующую, эндотелиопротективную функции. При циррозе печени сывороточный альбумин подвергается посттрансляционной модификации, ведущей к нарушению его функции. Сывороточный альбумин человека состоит из меркаптальбумина человека с остатками цистеина, обладающими восстанавливающей способностью, и окисленного немеркаптальбумина человека. При циррозе печени доля необратимо окисленного немеркаптальбумина-2 с нарушенной функциональной активностью возрастает.Заключение. Конформационная структура молекулы альбумина играет важную роль в поддержании его неонкотических функций. Изучение его структурных и функциональных свойств у пациентов с печеночной недостаточностью может служить дополнительным критерием для оценки выраженности цирроза и предиктором осложнений.

The aim: to highlight the main points of albumin synthesis, posttranslational modifications and functions in normal conditions and in patients with liver cirrhosis.Key points. Albumin is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Along with oncotic properties, albumin performs transport, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and endothelioprotective functions. Serum albumin in patient with liver cirrhosis undergoes modifications, leading to functional impairment. Human serum albumin is a compaund of human mercaptalbumin with cysteine residues having a reducing ability, and oxidized human non-mercaptalbumin. The proportion of irreversibly oxidized non-mercaptalbumin-2 with impaired functional activity increases in liver cirrhosis.Conclusion. The conformational structure of the albumin molecule plays an important role in maintaining its non-oncotic functions. Non-oncotic functions depend on albumin conformation. Further investigation of albumin conformation and albumin functions in patients with hepatic insufficiency can serve as an additional criterion for assessing the severity of cirrhosis and predictor of complications may become an additional criterion to new clinical applications and treatment strategies of liver failure.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.