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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-4-7-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-633</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение хронического запора у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста: согласованное мнение экспертов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis and Treatment of Elderly and Senile Chronic Constipation: an Expert Consensus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкин Владимир Трофимович — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Ivashkin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Departmental Head, Department of Internal Disease Propaedeutics</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнацаканян</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnatsakanyan</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мнацаканян Марина Генриковна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 1 Института клинической медицины; заведующая гастроэнтерологическим отделением Университетской клинической больницы № 1</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina G. Mnatsakanyan — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., of the Hospital Therapy No. 1 Chair, Head of the Gastroenterology Department</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mnatsakanyan_m_g@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1222-3351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапенко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Остапенко Валентина Сергеевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры болезней старения; заведующая отделением гериатрической терапии Обособленного структурного подразделения — Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр</p><p>129226, г. Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina S. Ostapenko — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof. the Aging Diseases Chair; Head of the Geriatric diseases Department, Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology</p><p>129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova str., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ostapenkovalent@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-4055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погромов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogromov</surname><given-names>А. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Погромов Александр Павлович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 1 Института клинической медицины</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr P. Pogromov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., of the Hospital Therapy No. 1 Chair</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pogromov.alexander@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нековаль</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekoval</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нековаль Валерий Михайлович — врач-колопроктолог Клиники колопроктологии и малоинвазивной хирургии Университетской клинической больницы № 2</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy M. Nekoval — Coloproctologist of the Coloproctology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Clinic</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nekoval_v_m@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-120X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluectova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полуэктова Елена Александровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Poluectova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. of the Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chair</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polouektova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1628-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котовская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котовская Юлия Викторовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе Обособленного структурного подразделения «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»</p><p>129226, г. Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Kotovskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. of the Aging Diseases Chair; Deputy Director of Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology</p><p>129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova str., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotovskaya_yv@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5272-0454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рунихина</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Runikhina</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рунихина Надежда Константиновна — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по гериатрической работе Обособленного структурного подразделения — Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр; профессор кафедры болезней старения; главный внештатный специалист-гериатр Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</p><p>129226, г. Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezda K. Runikhina — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. of the AgingDiseases Chair; Deputy Director of Russian Clinical GerontologyCenter</p><p>129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova str., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkrunihina@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-4842</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарашкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharashkina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарашкина Наталья Викторовна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделением амбулаторной гериатрии Обособленного структурного подразделения «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»; доцент кафедры болезней старения</p><p>129226, г. Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Sharashkina — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of the Outpatient Geriatric Department, Head of the General Geriatrics and Neurogeriatrics Laboratory, Russian Clinical Gerontology Center</p><p>129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova str., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharashkina@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-6821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царьков</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsarkov</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Царьков Петр Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, директор Клиники колопроктологии и малоинвазивной хирургии Университетской клинической больницы № 2</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr V. Tsarkov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. of Surgery, Head of the Coloproctology and Minimally Invasive Surgery Clinic</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsarkovpetr@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткачева Ольга Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Обособленного структурного подразделения «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр»; заведующая кафедрой болезней старения; главный внештатный гериатр Минздрава России</p><p>129226, г. Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, д. 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Tkacheva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Aging Diseases Chair</p><p>129226, Moscow, 1st Leonova str., 16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkacheva@rgnkc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленков</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkov</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беленков Юрий Никитич — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии Института клинической медицины</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, стр. 1</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri N. Belenkov — Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Hospital Therapy No. 1 Chair</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belenkov_yu_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкин В.Т., Мнацаканян М.Г., Остапенко В.С., Погромов А.П., Нековаль В.М., Полуэктова Е.А., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К., Шарашкина Н.В., Царьков П.В., Ткачева О.Н., Беленков Ю.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Мнацаканян М.Г., Остапенко В.С., Погромов А.П., Нековаль В.М., Полуэктова Е.А., Котовская Ю.В., Рунихина Н.К., Шарашкина Н.В., Царьков П.В., Ткачева О.Н., Беленков Ю.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Mnatsakanyan M.G., Ostapenko V.S., Pogromov А.P., Nekoval V.M., Poluectova E.A., Kotovskaya Y.V., Runikhina N.K., Sharashkina N.V., Tsarkov P.V., Tkacheva N.O., Belenkov Y.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/633">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/633</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель публикации: ознакомить практикующих врачей с особенностями ведения пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста с хроническим запором.Основные положения. Хронический запор — распространенная проблема в гериатрии. Причинами более частого формирования запоров с возрастом кроме физиологических изменений в работе кишечника являются снижение физической активности и синдром старческой астении, полипрагмазия, а также ряд хронических заболеваний и состояний с вторичным развитием запоров. Хронический запор ассоциирован с более высоким риском сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и осложнений, ухудшением общего восприятия здоровья и боли, развитием тревоги, депрессии и снижением качества жизни. Выбор лечебной тактики при хроническом запоре зависит от причины, лежащей в его основе, и должен проводиться с учетом данных анамнеза и получаемой лекарственной терапии, общего клинического состояния, когнитивного статуса, а также уровня функциональной активности пациента. Необходимым начальным элементом коррекции запора является обучение и информирование пациента и его семьи о факторах, лежащих в основе его развития, методах немедикаментозной и медикаментозной коррекции. В первую очередь рекомендуется увеличение потребления клетчатки. При отсутствии эффекта от немедикаментозных методов и увеличения потребления клетчатки к терапии добавляются осмотические слабительные и титруются до клинического ответа. Стимулирующие слабительные и прокинетические средства следует рекомендовать пациентам, резистентным к назначению клетчатки и осмотических слабительных. К дополнительным методам коррекции запоров относятся биологическая обратная связь, трансанальное орошение, иглоукалывание, рефлексотерапия стоп и чрескожная стимуляция большеберцового нерва.Заключение: хронический запор у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста является распространенной многофакторной проблемой, успешное ведение которой предполагает оценку и коррекцию всех возможных факторов риска, а также последовательное использование немедикаментозных и медикаментозных методов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. An appraisal of practitioners with chronic constipation management details in older and senile adults.Key points. Chronic constipation is a common issue in geriatrics. Aside to age-related physiological bowel disfunction, a higher constipation incidence is conditioned by declined physical activity and frailty, polypharmacy and a series of secondary constipation-developing chronic states and diseases. Chronic constipation is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and complications, impaired general perception of health and pain, growing alarm and depression, and reduced quality of life. The treatment tactics in chronic constipation is cause-conditioned and should account for the patient’s history and therapy line, overall clinical condition, cognitive status and functional activity level. An essential baseline aspect of constipation management is apprising the patient and his family of the underlying factors and methods for non-drug and drug correction. An higher-fibre diet is recommended as first measure, with osmotic laxatives added and titrated to clinical response if none observed towards the non-drug and high-fibre regimens. Stimulant laxatives and prokinetics should be recommended in patients reluctant to fibre supplements and osmotic laxatives. Subsidiary correction includes biofeedback, transanal irrigation, acupuncture, foot reflexology and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.Conclusion. Elderly and senile chronic constipation is a prevalent multifactorial state requiring an efficient management via assessment and correction of total risk factors and consistent use of non-medication and drug therapies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический запор</kwd><kwd>пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста</kwd><kwd>старческая астения</kwd><kwd>слабительные препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic constipation</kwd><kwd>elderly and senile patients</kwd><kwd>frailty</kwd><kwd>laxatives</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Шелыгин Ю.А., Маев И.В., Шептулин А.А., Алешин Д.В., Ачкасов С.И., и соавт. 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