<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-5-74-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и лечение синдрома раздраженного кишечника (Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации и Ассоциации колопроктологов России)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations of the Russian Gastroenterological Association and Association of Coloproctologists of Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-6015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкин Владимир Трофимович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir T. Ivashkin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkin_v_t@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маев Игорь Вениаминович — доктор медицинских наук, академик РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>127473, г. Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Maev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Head of the Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics and Gastroenterology</p><p>127473, Moscow, Delegatskaya str., 20, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igormaev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-9362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелыгин</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelygin</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Шелыгин Юрий Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, научный руководитель</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy A. Shelygin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Advisor</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9971-8295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранская</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranskaya</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранская Елена Константиновна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Baranskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>129110, Moscow, Shchepkina str., 61/2, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ebaranskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоус</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belous</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоус София Сергеевна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-гастроэнтеролог</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofiya S. Belous — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician (gastroenterology)</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0212-2442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Елена Александровна —доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой гастроэнтерологии факультета усовершенствования врачей</p><p>129110, г. Москва, ул. Щепкина, д. 61/2, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Belousova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Gastroenterology, School of Continuing Medical Education</p><p>129110, Moscow, Shchepkina str., 61/2, bld. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бениашвили</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beniashvili</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бениашвили Алан Герович — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории психофармакологии</p><p>115522, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alan G. Beniashvili — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Psychopharmacology</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye shosse, 34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beniashvilia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильев Сергей Васильевич —доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель Санкт-Петербургского центра колопроктологии, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней с курсом колопроктологии</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Vasilyev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of SaintPetersburg Centre for Coloproctology; Head of the Chair of Surgical Diseases with course of coloproctology</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, Lva Tolstogo str., 6–8</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веселов Алексей Викторович — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела развития колопроктологической службы РФ</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey V. Veselov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Coloproctology Service Development Office</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Евгений Григорьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, научный руководитель Иркутского научного центра хирургии и травматологии; главный хирург Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации в Сибирском федеральном округе; заведующий кафедрой госпитальной хирургии с курсом нейрохирургии лечебного факультета Иркутского государственного медицинского университета</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy G. Grigoryev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Advisor, Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology; Chief Surgeon of the Siberian Federal District, Ministry of Health of Russia; Head of the Chair of Hospital Surgery with course of neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Irkutsk State Medical University</p><p>664003, Irkutsk, Krasnogo Vosstaniya str., 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костенко Николай Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заместитель главного врача по хирургической помощи, заведующий кафедрой хирургических болезней последипломного образования с курсом колопроктологии</p><p>414000, г. Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay V. Kostenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Excellence Worker of Public Health, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgical Aid, Aleksandro-Mariinskaya Regional Clinical Hospital; Head of the Chair of Surgical Diseases with course of coloproctology</p><p>414000, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya str., 121</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-7898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашников</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashnikov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кашников Владимир Николаевич — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научно-лечебной работе</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Kashnikov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Science and Medicine</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликовский</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikovskiy</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куликовский Владимир Федорович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Медицинского института ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»; руководитель Белгородского межрегионального колопроктологического центра (на базе специализированного колопроктологического отделения Белгородской областной клинической больницы Святителя Иоасафа)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir F. Kulikovskiy — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Director, Belgorod National Research University Medical Institute; Head of Belgorod Interregional Coloproctology Centre (based on Coloproctology Specialty Unit, Saint Ioasaph Belgorod Regional Clinical Hospital)</p><p>Belgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лоранская</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loranskaya</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лоранская Ирина Дмитриевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой гастроэнтерологии и декан терапевтического факультета</p><p>123242, г. Москва, Баррикадная ул., д. 2/1, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina D. Loranskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Dean, Head of the Chair of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Therapy</p><p>123242, Moscow, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1c1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-6268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляшенко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyashenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ляшенко Ольга Сергеевна — врач гастроэнтеролог</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Lyashenko — Physician (gastroenterology)</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyashenko_o_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1312-120X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полуэктова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poluektova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полуэктова Елена Александровна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Poluektova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">poluektova_e_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцев Виталий Григорьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный врач медицинского центра</p><p>123022, г. Москва, ул. Трехгорный Вал, д. 12, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy G. Rumyantsev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chief Physician</p><p>123022, Moscow, Trekhgornyi Val str., 12, bld. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимербулатов Виль Мамилович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсами эндоскопии и стационарзамещающих технологий Института последипломного образования</p><p>450008, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vil M. Timerbulatov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Chair of Surgery with courses of endoscopy and hospital-replacing technologies, School of Postgraduate Education</p><p>450008, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Lenina str., 3 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-12"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-6988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фоменко</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomenko</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фоменко Оксана Юрьевна — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории клинической патофизиологии</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana Yu. Fomenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fov@gnck.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубезов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubezov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хубезов Дмитрий Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой хирургии с курсом эндохирургии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>390026, г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy A. Khubezov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Surgery with course of endosurgery, School of Supplementary Vocational Training</p><p>390026, Ryazan, Vysokovoltnaya str., 9</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-13"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чашкова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chashkova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чашкова Елена Юрьевна — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией реконструктивной хирургии Научного отдела клинической хирургии</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Chashkova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Reconstructive Surgery, Research Department of Clinical Surgery</p><p>664003, Irkutsk, Krasnogo Vosstaniya str., 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чибисов</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chibisov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чибисов Геннадий Иванович — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий колопроктологическим отделением</p><p>248007, г. Калуга, ул. Вишневского, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadiy I. Chibisov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Coloproctology Unit</p><p>248007, Kaluga, Vishnevskogo str., 1 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-14"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шапина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шапина Марина Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отделения гастроэнтерологии</p><p>123423, г. Москва, ул. Саляма Адиля, д. 2</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Shapina — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Gastroenterology</p><p>123423, Moscow, Salyama Adilya str., 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-9566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шептулин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheptulin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шептулин Аркадий Александрович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arkadiy A. Sheptulin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheptulin_a_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифрин</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifrin</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шифрин Олег Самуилович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Shifrin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shifrin_o_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-2968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трухманов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trukhmanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трухманов Александр Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Trukhmanov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Internal Disease Propaedeutics</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.trukhmanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-6584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеева Ольга Поликарповна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии и общеврачебной практики им. В.Г. Вогралика</p><p>603005, г. Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Alekseeva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Hospital Therapy and General Practice named after V.G. Vogralik</p><p>603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Minina i Pozharskogo sq., 10/1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al_op@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-15"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеенко Сергей Алексеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет»; руководитель Клиники внутренних болезней Дорожной клинической больницы на ст. Хабаровск-1 Дальневосточной железной дороги</p><p>680000, г. Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, д. 35</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Alekseenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Hospital Therapy, Far-Eastern State Medical University; Head of the Clinic of Internal Medicine, Khabarovsk-1 Railway Clinical Hospital, Far-Eastern Railways</p><p>680000, Khabarovsk, Muravyova-Amurskogo str., 35</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sa.alexeenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-16"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барановский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranovsky</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барановский Андрей Юрьевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель научно-клинического и образовательного центра гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии Института высоких медицинских технологий</p><p>199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Baranovsky — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Scientific and Clinical Education Centre for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of High Medical Technologies</p><p>199034, St. Petersburg, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovsky46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-17"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-789X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зольникова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolnikova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зольникова Оксана Юрьевна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119991, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oxana Yu. Zolnikova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ks.med@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корочанская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korochanskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корочанская Наталья Всеволодовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры хирургии № 3 ФГБОУ ВО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет»; руководитель гастроэнтерологического центра ГБУЗ «Краевая клиническая больница № 2»</p><p>350063, г. Краснодар, ул. Митрофана Седина, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Korochanskaya — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Surgery No. 3, Kuban State Medical University; Head of Centre for Gastroenterology, Territorial Clinical Hospital No. 2</p><p>350063, Krasnodar, Mitrofana Sedina str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvk-gastro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-18"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-8831</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маммаев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mammayev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маммаев Сулейман Нураттинович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии № 1, ректор</p><p>367000, Республика Дагестан, г. Махачкала, пл. Ленина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Suleyman N. Mammayev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Chair of Hospital Therapy No. 1; Rector</p><p>367000, Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, Lenina sq., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hepar-sul-dag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-19"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-9811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлынов</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlynov</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хлынов Игорь Борисович — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии и гериатрии</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor B. Khlynov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Intermediate Therapy and Geriatrics</p><p>620028, Ekaterinburg, Repina str., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hlinov.doc@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-20"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-2294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цуканов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsukanov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цуканов Владислав Владимирович — профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий Клиническим отделением патологии пищеварительной системы у взрослых и детей ФБГНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр “Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук”», обособленное подразделение НИИ медицинских проблем Севера</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, д. 3г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav V. Tsukanov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Clinical Department of Adult and Infant Digestive Pathology, Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North — Division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the RAS</p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka str., 3Г</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gastro@impn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-21"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр колопроктологии им. А.Н. Рыжих» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryzhikh National Medical Research Centre for Coloproctology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Национальный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belgorod National Research University Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Он-клиник»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>On-Clinic LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-12"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-13"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryazan State Medical University named after Acad. I.P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-14"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ КО «Калужская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-15"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-16"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far-Eastern State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-17"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-18"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-19"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-20"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-21"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБГНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр “Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук”», обособленное подразделение НИИ медицинских проблем Севера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North — Division of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Centre of the Siberian Branch of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шелыгин Ю.А., Баранская Е.К., Белоус С.С., Белоусова Е.А., Бениашвили А.Г., Васильев С.В., Веселов А.В., Григорьев Е.Г., Костенко Н.В., Кашников В.Н., Куликовский В.Ф., Лоранская И.Д., Ляшенко О.С., Полуэктова Е.А., Румянцев В.Г., Тимербулатов В.М., Фоменко О.Ю., Хубезов Д.А., Чашкова Е.Ю., Чибисов Г.И., Шапина М.В., Шептулин А.А., Шифрин О.С., Трухманов А.С., Алексеева О.П., Алексеенко С.А., Барановский А.Ю., Зольникова О.Ю., Корочанская Н.В., Маммаев С.Н., Хлынов И.Б., Цуканов В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шелыгин Ю.А., Баранская Е.К., Белоус С.С., Белоусова Е.А., Бениашвили А.Г., Васильев С.В., Веселов А.В., Григорьев Е.Г., Костенко Н.В., Кашников В.Н., Куликовский В.Ф., Лоранская И.Д., Ляшенко О.С., Полуэктова Е.А., Румянцев В.Г., Тимербулатов В.М., Фоменко О.Ю., Хубезов Д.А., Чашкова Е.Ю., Чибисов Г.И., Шапина М.В., Шептулин А.А., Шифрин О.С., Трухманов А.С., Алексеева О.П., Алексеенко С.А., Барановский А.Ю., Зольникова О.Ю., Корочанская Н.В., Маммаев С.Н., Хлынов И.Б., Цуканов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Maev I.V., Shelygin Y.A., Baranskaya E.K., Belous S.S., Belousova E.A., Beniashvili A.G., Vasilyev S.V., Veselov A.V., Grigoryev E.G., Kostenko N.V., Kashnikov V.N., Kulikovskiy V.F., Loranskaya I.D., Lyashenko O.S., Poluektova E.A., Rumyantsev V.G., Timerbulatov V.M., Fomenko O.Y., Khubezov D.A., Chashkova E.Y., Chibisov G.I., Shapina M.V., Sheptulin A.A., Shifrin O.S., Trukhmanov A.S., Alekseeva O.P., Alekseenko S.A., Baranovsky A.Y., Zolnikova O.Y., Korochanskaya N.V., Mammayev S.N., Khlynov I.B., Tsukanov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/643">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/643</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель представления клинических рекомендаций заключается в изложении современных методов диагностики и лечения синдрома раздраженного кишечника (СРК).</p><sec><title>Основное содержание</title><p>Основное содержание. СРК — функциональное расстройство кишечника, проявляющееся рецидивирующей болью в животе, возникающей по меньшей мере 1 раз в неделю, которая характеризуется следующими признаками (двумя и более): связана с дефекацией, сочетается с изменением ее частоты или формы кала. Эти симптомы должны отмечаться у больного в последние 3 месяца при общей продолжительности наблюдения не менее 6 мес. Как и в случае других функциональных расстройств желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), диагноз СРК может быть установлен на основании соответствия симптомов, наблюдающихся у пациента, Римским критериям IV пересмотра при отсутствии органических заболеваний органов ЖКТ, которые могут послужить причиной возникновения этих симптомов. В связи со сложностью дифференциальной диагностики СРК целесообразно рассматривать как диагноз исключения, для установления которого необходимо выполнить следующие исследования: клинический и биохимический анализы крови; определение антител к тканевой трансглутаминазе IgA или IgG; определение уровня гормонов щитовидной железы; анализ кала на скрытую кровь; водородный дыхательный тест с глюкозой или лактулозой для выявления синдрома избыточного бактериального роста; анализ кала для обнаружения бактерий кишечной группы, токсинов А и В Clostridium difficile; определение уровня кальпротектина в кале; ультразвуковое исследование органов брюшной полости; ЭГДС, при необходимости с биопсией; колоноскопия с биопсией. СРК характеризуется волнообразным течением с чередованием периодов обострения, нередко провоцируемого психоэмоциональными стрессами, и ремиссии. Лечение больных с СРК заключается в коррекции диеты и образа жизни, наначении фармакологических средств различных классов, применении психотерапевтических методов воздействия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выполнение клинических рекомендаций может способствовать своевременному установлению диагноза и улучшению качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с различными клиническими вариантами СРК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. Current clinical recommendations accentuate current methods for the diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. IBS is a functional bowel disorder manifested with recurrent, at least weekly, abdominal pain with the following attributes (any two leastwise): link to defecation, its frequency or stool shape. The symptoms are expected to persist for at minimum three months in a total six-month follow-up. Similar to other functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, IBS can be diagnosed basing on the patient symptoms compliance with Rome IV criteria, provided the absence of potentially symptom-causative organic GI diseases. Due to challenging differential diagnosis, IBS can be appropriately established per exclusionem, with pre-examination as follows: general and biochemical blood tests; tissue transglutaminase IgA/IgG antibody tests; thyroid hormones test; faecal occult blood test; hydrogen glucose/ lactulose breath test for bacterial overgrowth; stool test for enteric bacterial pathogens and Clostridium difficile A/B toxins; stool calprotectin test; abdominal ultrasound; OGDS, with biopsy as appropriate; colonoscopy with biopsy. The IBS sequence is typically wavelike, with alternating remissions and exacerbations often triggered by psychoemotional stress. Treatment of IBS patients includes dietary and lifestyle adjustments, various-class drug agents prescription and psychotherapeutic measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Adherence to clinical recommendations can facilitate timely diagnosis and improve medical aid quality in patients with different clinical IBS variants.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром раздраженного кишечника</kwd><kwd>диарея</kwd><kwd>запор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>irritable bowel syndrome</kwd><kwd>diarrhoea</kwd><kwd>constipation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Serag H.B., Olden K., Bjorkman D. Healthrelated quality of life among persons with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16(6):1171–85. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01290.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Serag H.B., Olden K., Bjorkman D. Healthrelated quality of life among persons with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16(6):1171–85. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01290.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akehurst R.L., Brazier J.E., Mathers N., O’Keefe C., Kaltenthaler E., Morgan A., et al. Health-related quality of life and cost impact of irritable bowel syndrome in a UK primary care setting. Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20(7):455– 62. DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200220070-00003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akehurst R.L., Brazier J.E., Mathers N., O’Keefe C., Kaltenthaler E., Morgan A., et al. Health-related quality of life and cost impact of irritable bowel syndrome in a UK primary care setting. Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20(7):455– 62. DOI: 10.2165/00019053-200220070-00003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Полуэктова Е.А. Сочетание синдрома функциональной диспепсии и синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроткол. 2011;21(4):75–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Poluektova Ye.A. Combination of functional dyspepsia syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2011;21(4):75–81 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarandi S.S., Christie J. Functional Dyspepsia in Review: Pathophysiology and Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management due to Coexisting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013. DOI: 10.1155/2013/351086</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarandi S.S., Christie J. Functional Dyspepsia in Review: Pathophysiology and Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management due to Coexisting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013. DOI: 10.1155/2013/351086</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacy B.E., Mearin F., Chang L., Chey W.D., Lembo A.J., Simren M., Spiller R. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;S0016-5085. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacy B.E., Mearin F., Chang L., Chey W.D., Lembo A.J., Simren M., Spiller R. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;S0016-5085. DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagasako C.K., Montes C.G., Lorena S.L.S., Mesquita M.A. Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes: Clinical and psychological features, body mass index and comorbidities. RevEspEnfermDig. 2016;108(2):59–64. DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3979/2015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagasako C.K., Montes C.G., Lorena S.L.S., Mesquita M.A. Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes: Clinical and psychological features, body mass index and comorbidities. RevEspEnfermDig. 2016;108(2):59–64. DOI: 10.17235/reed.2015.3979/2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho H.S., Park J.M., Lim C.H., Cho Y.K., Lee I.S., Kim S.W., et al. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Liver. 2011;5(1):29–36. DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2011.5.1.29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho H.S., Park J.M., Lim C.H., Cho Y.K., Lee I.S., Kim S.W., et al. Anxiety, depression and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut Liver. 2011;5(1):29–36. DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2011.5.1.29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corsetti M., Whorwell P.J. Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. Practitioner. 2015;259(1783):21-4, 2-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corsetti M., Whorwell P.J. Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. Practitioner. 2015;259(1783):21-4, 2-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharadwaj S., Barber M.D., Graff L.A., Shen B. Symptomatology of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease during the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015;3(3):185–93. DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharadwaj S., Barber M.D., Graff L.A., Shen B. Symptomatology of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease during the menstrual cycle. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2015;3(3):185–93. DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Issa B., Morris J., Whorwell P.J. Abdominal distension in health and irritable bowel syndrome: The effect of bladder filling. NeurogastroenterolMotil. 2018;30(11). DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issa B., Morris J., Whorwell P.J. Abdominal distension in health and irritable bowel syndrome: The effect of bladder filling. NeurogastroenterolMotil. 2018;30(11). DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рациональная фармакотерапия заболеваний органов пищеварения: руководство для практикующих врачей. Под общ. ред. В.Т.Ивашкина. М.: Литерра, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rational drug therapy for organic digestive diseases. A practitioner’s guide. Edited by V.T. Ivashkin. Moscow. Izdatelstvo Literra. 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cash B.D., Schoenfeld P., Chey W.D. The utility of diagnostic tests in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(11):2812–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07027.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cash B.D., Schoenfeld P., Chey W.D. The utility of diagnostic tests in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(11):2812–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07027.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menees S.B., Kurlander J., Goel A., Powell C., Chey W. Meta-analysis of the utility of common serum and fecal biomarkers in adults with IBS. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):S194. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(14)60683-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menees S.B., Kurlander J., Goel A., Powell C., Chey W. Meta-analysis of the utility of common serum and fecal biomarkers in adults with IBS. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(5):S194. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-5085(14)60683-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menees S.B., Powell C., Kurlander J., Goel A., Chey W.D. A Meta-Analysis of the Utility of C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Fecal Calprotectin and Fecal Lactoferrin to Exclude Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults With IBS. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(3):444–54. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menees S.B., Powell C., Kurlander J., Goel A., Chey W.D. A Meta-Analysis of the Utility of C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Fecal Calprotectin and Fecal Lactoferrin to Exclude Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Adults With IBS. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(3):444–54. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2015.6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irvine A.J., Chey W.D., Ford A.C. Screening for Celiac Disease in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;112(1):65–76. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irvine A.J., Chey W.D., Ford A.C. Screening for Celiac Disease in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;112(1):65–76. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koh S.J., Lee D.H., Lee S.H., Park Y.S., Hwang J.H., Kimet J.W., et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Community Subjects with Cultureproven Bacterial Gastroenteritis. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2012;60(1):13–8. DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2012.60.1.13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koh S.J., Lee D.H., Lee S.H., Park Y.S., Hwang J.H., Kimet J.W., et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Community Subjects with Cultureproven Bacterial Gastroenteritis. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2012;60(1):13–8. DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2012.60.1.13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longstreth G.F., Chen Q., Wong C., Yao J.F. Increased Systemic Antibiotic Use and Clostridium difficile Infection Among Outpatients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(6):974–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longstreth G.F., Chen Q., Wong C., Yao J.F. Increased Systemic Antibiotic Use and Clostridium difficile Infection Among Outpatients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(6):974–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford A.C., Spiegel B.R., Talley N.J., Moayyedi P. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(12):1279–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.06.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford A.C., Spiegel B.R., Talley N.J., Moayyedi P. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;7(12):1279–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.06.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучумова С.Ю. Патогенетическое и клиническое значение кишечной микрофлоры у больных с синдромом раздраженного кишечника: дисс. … канд. мед. наук. М., 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchumova S.Yu. Pathogenetic and clinical significance of intestinal microflora in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Cand. Sci. (Med.) dissertation thesis. Moscow. 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bortoli de N., Tolone S., Frazzoni M., Martinucci I., Sgherri G., Albano E., et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: common overlapping gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018;31(6):639–48. DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bortoli de N., Tolone S., Frazzoni M., Martinucci I., Sgherri G., Albano E., et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: common overlapping gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018;31(6):639–48. DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chey W.D., Nojkov B., Rubenstein J.H., Dobhan R.R., Greenson J.K., Cash B.D. The Yield of Colonoscopy in Patients With Non-Constipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From a Prospective, Controlled US Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4);859–65. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chey W.D., Nojkov B., Rubenstein J.H., Dobhan R.R., Greenson J.K., Cash B.D. The Yield of Colonoscopy in Patients With Non-Constipated Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From a Prospective, Controlled US Trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4);859–65. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel P., Bercik P., Morgan D.G., Bolino C., PintosSanchez M.I., Moayyedi P. et al. Prevalence of organic disease at colonoscopy in patients with symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional survey. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(7):816–23. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1007079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel P., Bercik P., Morgan D.G., Bolino C., PintosSanchez M.I., Moayyedi P. et al. Prevalence of organic disease at colonoscopy in patients with symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional survey. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2015;50(7):816–23. DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1007079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang J.-F., Fox M., Chu H., Zheng X., Long Y.-Q., Pohl D., et al. Four-sample lactose hydrogen breath test for diagnosis of lactose malabsorption in irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(24):7563–70. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang J.-F., Fox M., Chu H., Zheng X., Long Y.-Q., Pohl D., et al. Four-sample lactose hydrogen breath test for diagnosis of lactose malabsorption in irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(24):7563–70. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leeds J.S., Hopper A.D., Sidhu R., Simmonette A., Azadbakht N., Hoggard N., et al. Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome may have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(5):433–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leeds J.S., Hopper A.D., Sidhu R., Simmonette A., Azadbakht N., Hoggard N., et al. Some patients with irritable bowel syndrome may have exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(5):433–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guagnozzi D., Arias ., Lucendo A.J. Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic overlap of microscopic colitis and functional bowel disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(8):851–62. DOI: 10.1111/apt.13573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guagnozzi D., Arias ., Lucendo A.J. Systematic review with meta-analysis: diagnostic overlap of microscopic colitis and functional bowel disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;43(8):851–62. DOI: 10.1111/apt.13573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Шептулин А.А., Шифрин О.С., Галимова С.Ф., Юрманова Е.Н. Микроскопический колит: клинические формы, диагностика, лечение. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроткол. 2006;16(6):56– 60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Sheptulin А.А., Shifrin O.S., Galimova S.F., Yurmanova Ye.N. Microscopic colitis: clinical forms, diagnostics, treatment. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2006;16(6):56–60 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chachu K.A., Osterman M.T. How to Diagnose and Treat IBD Mimics in the Refractory IBD Patient Who Does Not Have IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(5):1262–74. DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000726</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chachu K.A., Osterman M.T. How to Diagnose and Treat IBD Mimics in the Refractory IBD Patient Who Does Not Have IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2016;22(5):1262–74. DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000726</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Longstreth G.F., Tieu R.S. Clinically Diagnosed Acute Diverticulitis in Outpatients: Misdiagnosis in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(2):578– 88. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3892-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Longstreth G.F., Tieu R.S. Clinically Diagnosed Acute Diverticulitis in Outpatients: Misdiagnosis in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(2):578– 88. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3892-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuomo R., Barbara G., Andreozzi P., Bassotti G., Casetti T., Grassini M., et.al. Symptom patterns can distinguish diverticular disease from irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2013;43(11):1147–55. DOI: 10.1111/eci.12152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuomo R., Barbara G., Andreozzi P., Bassotti G., Casetti T., Grassini M., et.al. Symptom patterns can distinguish diverticular disease from irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2013;43(11):1147–55. DOI: 10.1111/eci.12152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu C.Y., Chang W.P., Chang Y.H., Li C.P., Chuang C.M. The risk of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with endometriosis during a 5-year follow-up: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015;30(7):907–12. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2218-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu C.Y., Chang W.P., Chang Y.H., Li C.P., Chuang C.M. The risk of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with endometriosis during a 5-year follow-up: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015;30(7):907–12. DOI: 10.1007/s00384-015-2218-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathur R., Ko A., Hwang L.J., Low K., Azziz R., Pimentel M. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(4):1085–9. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0890-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathur R., Ko A., Hwang L.J., Low K., Azziz R., Pimentel M. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(4):1085–9. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0890-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keller J., Wedel T., Seidl H., Kreis M.E., Andresen V., Preiss J.C., et al. Guideline Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. Joint Guideline of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (DGNM). Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49(3):374–90. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245993</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keller J., Wedel T., Seidl H., Kreis M.E., Andresen V., Preiss J.C., et al. Guideline Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. Joint Guideline of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (DGNM). Z Gastroenterol. 2011;49(3):374–90. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245993</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moayyedi P., Quigley E.M., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schiller L.R., et al. The effect of dietary intervention on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6(8):e107. DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moayyedi P., Quigley E.M., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schiller L.R., et al. The effect of dietary intervention on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2015;6(8):e107. DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2015.21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usai-Satta P., Bellini M., Lai M., Oppia F., Cabras F. Therapeutic Approach for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Old and New Strategies. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2018;13(3):164– 72. DOI: 10.2174/1574884713666180807143606</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usai-Satta P., Bellini M., Lai M., Oppia F., Cabras F. Therapeutic Approach for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Old and New Strategies. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2018;13(3):164– 72. DOI: 10.2174/1574884713666180807143606</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paduano D., Cingolani A., Tanda E., Usai P. Effect of Three Diets (Low-FODMAP, Gluten-free and Balanced) on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1566. DOI: 10.3390/nu11071566</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paduano D., Cingolani A., Tanda E., Usai P. Effect of Three Diets (Low-FODMAP, Gluten-free and Balanced) on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1566. DOI: 10.3390/nu11071566</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johannesson E., Ringström G., Abrahamsson H., Sadik R. Intervention to increase physical activity in irritable bowel syndrome shows long-term positive effects. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(2):600–8. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.600</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johannesson E., Ringström G., Abrahamsson H., Sadik R. Intervention to increase physical activity in irritable bowel syndrome shows long-term positive effects. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(2):600–8. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i2.600</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuck C.J., Taylor K.M., Gibson P.R., Barrett J.S., Muir J.G. Increasing symptoms in irritable bowel symptoms with ingestion of galacto-oligosaccharides are mitigated by α-galactosidase treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(1):124–34. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.245</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuck C.J., Taylor K.M., Gibson P.R., Barrett J.S., Muir J.G. Increasing symptoms in irritable bowel symptoms with ingestion of galacto-oligosaccharides are mitigated by α-galactosidase treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(1):124–34. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2017.245</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruepert L., Quartero A.O., Wit de N.J., Heijden van der G.J, Rubin G., Muris J.W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. The Cochrane Collaboration The Cochrane Library. 2011;8(8):CD003460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003460.pub3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruepert L., Quartero A.O., Wit de N.J., Heijden van der G.J, Rubin G., Muris J.W. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. The Cochrane Collaboration The Cochrane Library. 2011;8(8):CD003460. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003460.pub3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford A.C., Moayyedi P., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schilleret L.R., et al. American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(1):S2–26. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford A.C., Moayyedi P., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schilleret L.R., et al. American College of Gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(1):S2–26. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou X., Chen S., Zhang Y., Sha W., Yu X., Elsawah H., et al. Quality of life in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), assessed using the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) measure after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide: results of an international prospective observational cohort study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34(11):783–93. DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0233-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou X., Chen S., Zhang Y., Sha W., Yu X., Elsawah H., et al. Quality of life in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), assessed using the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) measure after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide: results of an international prospective observational cohort study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34(11):783–93. DOI: 10.1007/s40261-014-0233-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boisson J., Coudert P.YH., Dupuis J., Laverdant C.H., Toulet J. Tolerance de la mebeverine a long terme. Act Ther. 1987;16(4):289–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boisson J., Coudert P.YH., Dupuis J., Laverdant C.H., Toulet J. Tolerance de la mebeverine a long terme. Act Ther. 1987;16(4):289–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шептулин А.А., Визе-Хрипунова М.А. Сравнительная оценка американских, немецких, французских и российских рекомендаций по ведению больных с синдромом раздраженного кишечника. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2016;26(2):43–9. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-43-49</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheptulin A.A., Vize-Khripunova M.A. Comparative of relation of American, German, French and Russian guidelines on irritable bowel syndrome management. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2016;26(2):43–9 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-43-49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jailwala J., Imperiale T.F., Kroenke K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(2):136–47. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jailwala J., Imperiale T.F., Kroenke K. Pharmacologic treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133(2):136–47. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-2-200007180-00013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang F.Y., Lu C.L., Chen C.Y., Luo J.C. Efficacy of dioctahedral smectite in treating patients of diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007;22 (12):2266–72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04895.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang F.Y., Lu C.L., Chen C.Y., Luo J.C. Efficacy of dioctahedral smectite in treating patients of diarrheapredominant irritable bowel syndrome. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007;22 (12):2266–72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04895.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menees S.B., Maneerattannaporn M., Kim H.M., Chey W.D. The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(1):28–35. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.355</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menees S.B., Maneerattannaporn M., Kim H.M., Chey W.D. The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(1):28–35. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.355</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Шептулин А.А., Шифрин О.С., Полуэктова Е.А., Кучумова С.Ю. Сравнительная эффективность композиции Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus и Saccharomyces boulardii в лечении больных с диарейным вариантом синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2015;25(2):10–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Drapkina O.M., Sheptulin A.A., Shifrin O.S., Poluektova Ye.A., Kuchumova S.Yu. Comparative assessment of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces boulardii efficacy at diarrheal variant of irritable bowel syndrome. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2015;25(2):10–21 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Шептулин А.А., Шифрин О.С., Полуэктова Е.А., Кучумова С.Ю. Сравнительная эффективность композиции Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus и прукалоприда в лечении больных с обстипационным вариантом синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2015;25(3):21–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V. T., Drapkina O. M., Sheptulin A. A., Shifrin O. S., Poluektova Ye. A., Kuchumova S. Yu. Comparative efficacy of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus composition and prucalopride in treatment of constipation variant of irritable bowel syndrome. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2015;25(3):21–32 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashkin V., Drapkina O., Poluektova Ye., Kuchumova S., Sheptulin A., Shifrin O. The Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on the Symptoms and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Simple-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015;3(2):18–23. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-2-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V., Drapkina O., Poluektova Ye., Kuchumova S., Sheptulin A., Shifrin O. The Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on the Symptoms and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Constipation-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Simple-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. American Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2015;3(2):18–23. DOI: 10.12691/ajcmr-3-2-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guarner F., Sanders M.H., Eliakim R., Fedorak R., Gangl A., Garisch J., et al. Probiotics and prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guarner F., Sanders M.H., Eliakim R., Fedorak R., Gangl A., Garisch J., et al. Probiotics and prebiotics. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ford A.C., Quigley E.M.M., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schiller L.R., et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547–61. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ford A.C., Quigley E.M.M., Lacy B.E., Lembo A.J., Saito Y.A., Schiller L.R., et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(10):1547–61. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tiequn B., Guanqun C., Shuo Z. Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus in treating irritable bowel syndrome: a metaanalysis. Intern Med. 2015;54(3):243–9. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2710</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tiequn B., Guanqun C., Shuo Z. Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus in treating irritable bowel syndrome: a metaanalysis. Intern Med. 2015;54(3):243–9. DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2710</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skokovic-Sunjic D. Clinical Guide to Probiotic Products Available in Canada. Indications, Dosage Forms, and Clinical Evidence to Date. 2020 (12th Еdition). www.ProbioticChart.ca</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skokovic-Sunjic D. Clinical Guide to Probiotic Products Available in Canada. Indications, Dosage Forms, and Clinical Evidence to Date. 2020 (12th Еdition). www.ProbioticChart.ca</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steer T., Carpenter H., Tuohy K., Gibson G.R. Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2000;13(2):229–54. DOI: 10.1079/095442200108729089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steer T., Carpenter H., Tuohy K., Gibson G.R. Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2000;13(2):229–54. DOI: 10.1079/095442200108729089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urbanska A.M., Bhathena J., Martoni C., Prakash S. Estimation of the potential antitumor activity of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt formulation in the attenuation of tumorigenesis in Apc (Min/+) mice. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(2):264–73. DOI: 10.1007/s10620- 008-0363-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbanska A.M., Bhathena J., Martoni C., Prakash S. Estimation of the potential antitumor activity of microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt formulation in the attenuation of tumorigenesis in Apc (Min/+) mice. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(2):264–73. DOI: 10.1007/s10620- 008-0363-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schindlbeck N.E., Müller-Lissner S.A. Dietary fiber. Indigestible dietary plant constituents and colon function. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 1988;11(10):331–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schindlbeck N.E., Müller-Lissner S.A. Dietary fiber. Indigestible dietary plant constituents and colon function. Med Monatsschr Pharm. 1988;11(10):331–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tack J., Müller-Lissner S., Stanghellini V., Boeckxstaens G., Kamm M.A., Simren M., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation — a European perspective. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(8):697–710. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01709.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tack J., Müller-Lissner S., Stanghellini V., Boeckxstaens G., Kamm M.A., Simren M., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation — a European perspective. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011;23(8):697–710. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01709.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Алексеенко С.А., Колесова Т.А., Корочанская Н.В., Полуэктова Е.А., Симаненков В.И. и др. Резолюция Экспертного совета, посвященного проблемам диагностики и лечения функциональных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2016;26(4):109–10. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-4-129-130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Alekseyenko S.A., Kolesova T.A., Korochanskaya N.V., Poluektova Y.A., Simanenkov V.I., et al. The resolution of Advisory council on diagnostics and treatment of the functional gastrointestinal diseases. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2016;26(4):129–30 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-4-129-130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller L.E., Tennilä J., Ouwehand A.C. Efficacy and tolerance of lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2014;7:241–8. DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S58952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller L.E., Tennilä J., Ouwehand A.C. Efficacy and tolerance of lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2014;7:241–8. DOI: 10.2147/CEG.S58952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller-Lissner S., Kamm M.A., Wald A., Hinkel U., Koehler U., Richter E., et al. Multicenter, 4-week, doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlledtrial of sodium picosulfate in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):897–903. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller-Lissner S., Kamm M.A., Wald A., Hinkel U., Koehler U., Richter E., et al. Multicenter, 4-week, doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlledtrial of sodium picosulfate in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):897–903. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bengtsson M., Ohlsson B. Psychological well-being and symptoms in women with chronic constipation treated with sodium picosulphate. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2005;28(1):3– 12. DOI: 10.1097/00001610-200501000-00002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bengtsson M., Ohlsson B. Psychological well-being and symptoms in women with chronic constipation treated with sodium picosulphate. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2005;28(1):3– 12. DOI: 10.1097/00001610-200501000-00002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шептулин А.А. Прукалоприд в лечении хронических запоров функциональной природы. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2012;22(1):9–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheptulin A.A. Prucalopride in treatment of functional chronic constipation. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2012;22(1):9–13 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sajid M.S., Hebbar M., Baig M.K., Li A., Philipose Z. Use of Prucalopride for Chronic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Randomized, Controlled Trials. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 22(3):412–22. DOI: 10.5056/jnm16004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sajid M.S., Hebbar M., Baig M.K., Li A., Philipose Z. Use of Prucalopride for Chronic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Published Randomized, Controlled Trials. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016; 22(3):412–22. DOI: 10.5056/jnm16004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delvaux M., Wingate D. Trimebutine: mechanism of action, effects on gastrointestinal function and clinical results. J Int Med Res. 1997;25(5):225–46. DOI: 10.1177/030006059702500501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delvaux M., Wingate D. Trimebutine: mechanism of action, effects on gastrointestinal function and clinical results. J Int Med Res. 1997;25(5):225–46. DOI: 10.1177/030006059702500501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong Y.Q., Zhu J., Guo J.-N., Yan R., Li H.-J., Lin Y.-H., et al. A randomized and case-control clinical study on trimebutine maleate in treating functional dyspepsia coexisting with diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndromе. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2007;46(11):899–902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong Y.Q., Zhu J., Guo J.-N., Yan R., Li H.-J., Lin Y.-H., et al. A randomized and case-control clinical study on trimebutine maleate in treating functional dyspepsia coexisting with diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndromе. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2007;46(11):899–902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Шептулин А.А., Полуэктова Е.А., Рейхарт Д.В., Белостоцкий А.В., Дроздова А.А., Арнаутов В.С. Возможности применения Опросника «7×7» (7 симптомов за 7 дней) для оценки динамики симптомов функциональной диспепсии и синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2016;26(3):24. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-3-24-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Sheptulin A.A., Poluektova Ye.A., Reykhart D.V., Belostotsky A.V., Drozdova A.A., Arnautov V.S. Potential of «7×7» (7 symptoms per 7 days) questionnaire in assessment of symptom dynamics of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2016;26(3):24 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-3-24-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Полуэктова Е.А., Рейхарт Д.В., Шифрин О.С., Бениашвили А.Г., Ляшенко О.С., Белостоцкий А.В. Эффективность наиболее часто назначаемых групп препаратов у пациентов с функциональными расстройствами желудочно-кишечного тракта (синдромом функциональной диспепсии и синдромом раздраженного кишечника) (Результаты наблюдательного исследования). Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2016;26(4):7–14. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-4-14-23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Poluektova Y.A., Reykhart D.V., Shifrin O.S., Beniashvili A.G., Lyashenko O.S., Belostotsky A.V. Efficacy of drugs most commonly prescribed at functional gastrointestinal diseases (functional dyspepsia syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome) observational study results. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2016;26(4):7–14 )In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-4-14-23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ottillinger B., Storr M., Malfertheiner P., Allescher H.D. STW 5 (Iberogast®) — a safe and effective standard in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2013;163(3–4):65–72. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0169-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ottillinger B., Storr M., Malfertheiner P., Allescher H.D. STW 5 (Iberogast®) — a safe and effective standard in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2013;163(3–4):65–72. DOI: 10.1007/s10354-012-0169-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шептулин А.А., Кайбышева В.О. Эффективность применения растительного препарата STW 5 в многоцелевой терапии функциональной диспепсии. Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2015;25(5):101–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheptulin A.A., Kaybysheva V.O. Efficacy of the herbal preparation STW 5 in multi-target therapy of functional dyspepsia. Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2015; 25(5):101–6 (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маев И.В., Шептулин А.А., Алексеева О.П., Баранская Е.К., Ивашкин К.В. и др. Резолюция Экспертного совета «Как улучшить результаты лечения больных с функциональной диспепсией и синдромом раздраженного кишечника»? Рос журн гастроэнтерол гепатол колопроктол. 2016;26(2):101–4. DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-101-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Mayev I.V., Sheptulin A.A., Alekseyeva O.P., Baranskaya Y.K., Ivashkin K.V., et al. The resolution of Advisory council “How to improve treatment results functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome”? Rus J Gastroenterol Hepatol Coloproctol. 2016;26(2):101–4 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.22416/1382-4376-2016-26-2-101-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авалуева Е.Б., Адашева Т.В., Бабаева А.Р., Бурдина Е.Г., Киреева Н.В., Ленская Л.Г. и др. Эффективность и безопасность применения Колофорта при синдроме раздраженного кишечника: итоги многоцентрового двойного слепого плацебо-контролируемого рандомизированного клинического исследования. Гастроэнтерология. 2014;1:36–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avalueva E.B., Adasheva T.V., Babaeva A.R., Burdina E.G., Kireeva N.V., Lenskaya L.G. et al. Kolofort efficacy and safety in irritable bowel syndrome: results of multi-centre double-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Gastroenterology. 2014; 1:36-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маев И.В., Самсонов А.А., Яшина А.В., Казюлин А.Н., Шестаков В.А. Клиническая эффективность и безопасность схем лечения синдрома раздраженного кишечника (результаты сравнительного исследования). Consilium medicum, 2016;18(8):19–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maev I.V., Samsonov A.A., Yashina A.V., Kazyulin A.N., Shestakov V.A. Clinical efficacy and safety of irritable bowel syndrome treatment regimens (comparative trial data). Consilium Medicum, 2016; 18(8):19-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivashkin V.T., Poluektova E.A., Glazunov A.B., Putilovskiy M.A. Epstein O.I. Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and their intersection: results of the Russian observation retrospective program COMFORT. BMC. Gastoenterology. 2019;20(1):2. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1143-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Poluektova E.A., Glazunov A.B., Putilovskiy M.A. Epstein O.I. Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and their intersection: results of the Russian observation retrospective program COMFORT. BMC. Gastoenterology. 2019;20(1):2. DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1143-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie C., Tang Y., Wang Y., Yu T., Wang Y., Jiang L., Lin L. Efficacy and Safety of Antidepressants for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0127815.eCollection 2015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127815</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie C., Tang Y., Wang Y., Yu T., Wang Y., Jiang L., Lin L. Efficacy and Safety of Antidepressants for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0127815.eCollection 2015. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127815</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bundeff A.W., Woodis C.B. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2014; 48(6):777– 84. DOI: 10.1177/1060028014528151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bundeff A.W., Woodis C.B. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2014; 48(6):777– 84. DOI: 10.1177/1060028014528151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osler W. The principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine. New York: D Appleton and company, 1892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osler W. The principles and practice of medicine: designed for the use of practitioners and students of medicine. New York: D Appleton and company, 1892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Creed F. Relationship between IBS and psychiatric disorder. Irritable bowel syndrome. Ed. M. Camilleri, R. C. Spiller. 2002;45–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Creed F. Relationship between IBS and psychiatric disorder. Irritable bowel syndrome. Ed. M. Camilleri, R. C. Spiller. 2002;45–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dekel R., Drossman D.A., Sperber A.D. The use of psychotropic drugs in irritable bowel syndrome. Expert OpinInvestig Drugs. 2013;22(3):329–39. DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.761205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dekel R., Drossman D.A., Sperber A.D. The use of psychotropic drugs in irritable bowel syndrome. Expert OpinInvestig Drugs. 2013;22(3):329–39. DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.761205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hausteiner-Wiehle C., Henningsen P. Irritable bowel syndrome: Relations with functional, mental, and somatoform disorders. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(20):6024– 30. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hausteiner-Wiehle C., Henningsen P. Irritable bowel syndrome: Relations with functional, mental, and somatoform disorders. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(20):6024– 30. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meerveld B.G.-V., Moloney R.D., Johnson A.C., Vicario M. Mechanisms of stress-induced visceral pain: implications in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol. 2016;28(8). DOI: 10.1111/jne.12361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meerveld B.G.-V., Moloney R.D., Johnson A.C., Vicario M. Mechanisms of stress-induced visceral pain: implications in irritable bowel syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol. 2016;28(8). DOI: 10.1111/jne.12361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pae C.U., Lee S.J., Han C., Patkar A.A., Masand P.S. Atypical antipsychotics as a possible treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert OpinInvestig Drugs. 2013;22(5):565–72. DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.782392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pae C.U., Lee S.J., Han C., Patkar A.A., Masand P.S. Atypical antipsychotics as a possible treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome. Expert OpinInvestig Drugs. 2013;22(5):565–72. DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.782392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annaházi A., Róka R., Rosztóczy A., Wittmann T. Role of antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(20):6031–43. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annaházi A., Róka R., Rosztóczy A., Wittmann T. Role of antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(20):6031–43. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i20.6031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
