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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2021-31-5-7-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-645</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Желчные кислоты и их значение для деятельности центральной нервной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bile Acids and Their Value for Central Nervous System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-6634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульпекова</surname><given-names>Ю. O.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulpekova</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шульпекова Юлия Олеговна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии и гепатологии</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya O. Shulpekova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulpekova_yu_o@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-323X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткаченко</surname><given-names>П. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachenko</surname><given-names>P. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ткаченко Петр Евгеньевич — кандидат медицинских наук, врач отделения гепатологии Клиники пропедевтики внутренних болезней, гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии им. В.Х. Василенко</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr E. Tkachenko — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Physician, Department of Hepatology, Vasilenko Clinic of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tkachenko_p_e@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6819-0889</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Широкова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shirokova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Широкова Елена Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119435, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Shirokova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Internal Disease Propaedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology</p><p>119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shirokova_e_n@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамулин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Damulin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дамулин Игорь Владимирович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Отделения экзогенноорганических расстройств и эпилепсии Отдела клиникопатогенетических исследований в психиатрии</p><p>107076, г. Москва, ул. Потешная, д. 3, к. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Damulin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Leading Researcher, Sector of Exogenous Organic Disorders and Epilepsy, Department of Clinical and Pathogenetic Research in Psychiatry</p><p>107076, Moscow, Poteshnaya str., 3, r. 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">damulin_igor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет) Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский институт психиатрии — филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В. П. Сербского» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry — Branch of Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шульпекова Ю.O., Ткаченко П.Е., Широкова Е.Н., Дамулин И.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шульпекова Ю.O., Ткаченко П.Е., Широкова Е.Н., Дамулин И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulpekova Y.O., Tkachenko P.E., Shirokova E.N., Damulin I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/645">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/645</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: охарактеризовать значение желчных кислот как стероидных регуляторов деятельности нервной системы; показать участие нервной системы в обмене холестерина и продукции желчных кислот.</p></sec><sec><title>Основные положения</title><p>Основные положения. В различных органах и тканях установлено существование мембранных и ядерных рецепторов желчных кислот, активация которых имеет значение в регуляции различных метаболических процессов. В ЦНС обнаружены переносчики желчных кислот. В головном мозге животных в физиологических условиях обнаружено порядка 20 видов желчных кислот, высокая концентрация которых свидетельствует об их местном образовании; спектр желчных кислот в ЦНС существенно отличается от такового в плазме крови. На основании данных клинических и экспериментальных работ можно заключить, что в ЦНС желчные кислоты влияют на состояние митохондриальной мембраны, выполняют антиоксидантную функцию, а также, вероятно, выступают в роли стероидных медиаторов, косвенно регулируя процессы памяти, внимания, двигательные функции, аппетит.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Желчные кислоты выступают в роли плейотропных сигнальных молекул, влияющих на различные ткани. Существование различных рецепторов и ферментов синтеза желчных кислот в ЦНС указывает на их большое значение для функционирования головного мозга и подчеркивает перспективность изучения их обмена.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. A review to highlight the bile acids importance as steroid mediators of nervous system activity and show the nervous system involvement in cholesterol metabolism and bile acids production.</p></sec><sec><title>Key points</title><p>Key points. Presence of bile acid membrane and nuclear receptors and their activation role in mediating manifold metabolic processes have been established in various organs and tissues. Bile acid transporters are discovered in CNS. The animal brain under physiological conditions was found to contain about 20 bile acid types of likely innate origin suggested by their high contents; the bile acids spectrum in CNS differs significantly from blood plasma. Clinical and experimental works are conclusive about the CNS bile acids influence on mitochondrial membrane, their antioxidative role and, probably, steroid-mediator involvement in indirect regulation of memory, attention, motor functions and appetite.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Bile acids act as pleiotropic signalling molecules affecting various tissues. The presence in CNS of various bile acid synthesis-related receptors and enzymes indicates their value in brain functioning and warrants research into their metabolism.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желчные кислоты</kwd><kwd>фарнезоидный рецептор X</kwd><kwd>митохондрии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bile acids</kwd><kwd>farnesoid X receptor</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiang J.Y.L., Ferrell J.M. 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