<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-2-55-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-683</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительное изучение антитоксических свойств фракций экстракта травы цикория обыкновенного у крыс с токсическим гепатитом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antitoxic Effects of Chicory Herb Extract Fractions in Rats with Toxic Hepatitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-2877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лупанова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lupanova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лупанова Ирина Александровна — кандидат биологических наук, руководитель Центра доклинических исследований</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Lupanova — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of pre-clinical studies center</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lupanova@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-5064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайбель</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saybel</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сайбель Ольга Леонидовна — кандидат фармацевтических наук, руководитель Центра химии и фармацевтической технологии</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga L. Saybel — Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Head of the center for Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saybel@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-5268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курманова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmanova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курманова Елена Николаевна — научный сотрудник отдела экспериментальной фармакологии</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Kurmanova — research scientist of experimental pharmacology department</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurmanova@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1949-2597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ферубко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ferubko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ферубко Екатерина Владимировна — доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом экспериментальной фармакологии</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Ferubko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), head of experimental pharmacology department</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ferubko@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-5545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынчик</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynchik</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мартынчик Ирина Анатольевна — старший научный сотрудник отдела экспериментальной фармакологии</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Martynchik — research scientist of experimental pharmacology department</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martynchik@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7494-2365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизина</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizina</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мизина Прасковья Георгиевна — доктор фармацевтических наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>117216, Москва, ул. Грина, д. 7, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Praskovia G. Mizina — Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Prof., deputy director</p><p>117216, Moscow, Grin str., 7–1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mizina@vilarnii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лупанова И.А., Сайбель О.Л., Курманова Е.Н., Ферубко Е.В., Мартынчик И.А., Мизина П.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лупанова И.А., Сайбель О.Л., Курманова Е.Н., Ферубко Е.В., Мартынчик И.А., Мизина П.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lupanova I.A., Saybel O.L., Kurmanova E.N., Ferubko E.V., Martynchik I.A., Mizina P.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/683">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/683</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить антитоксическую активность фракций веществ различной полярности экстракта травы цикория обыкновенного (Cichorium intybus L.) у крыс с токсическим гепатитом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. 64 крысы-самца были разделены на группы по 6 животных, получавших экстракт травы цикория целиком, его фракции или препарат сравнения, и 2 группы не получали никакого препарата. В качестве препарата сравнения была выбрана субстанция силимара (сухой очищенный экстракт, полученный из плодов расторопши пятнистой (Silybum marianum)). Животным одной из групп, не получавших препарат (контрольная группа), и групп, получавших препараты, вводили CCl4 для имитации токсического поражения печени. Последняя группа животных не получала ни препаратов, ни CCl4 (интактные животные). Оценивали изменения активности ферментов биотрансформации (цитохрома Р450 (цит Р450) и глутатионтрансферазы (ГТ)) в гепатоцитах и сывороточных ферментов печени (АСТ, АЛТ и ЩФ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено снижение активности цит Р450 и ГТ в микросомах печени крыс контрольной группы (с гепатитом, индуцированным CCl4, без лечения) по сравнению с интактными животными. Эти показатели были больше у животных, которым вводили экстракт травы цикория, его фракции и препарат сравнения, чем у контрольных животных. Введение цельного экстракта, водной фракции и контрольного препарата приводило к повышению активности ферментов цит Р450 и ГТ практически до уровня аналогичных показателей у интактных животных. Выраженное повышение активности сывороточных ферментов печени (АЛТ, АСТ и ЩФ) обнаруживалось после введения CCl4. Введение фракций травы цикория обыкновенного до токсического поражения печени вызывало снижение роста активности этих ферментов. Наибольшее нивелирующее действие на рост активности этих печеночных ферментов оказали препарат сравнения, водная и бутанольная фракции травы цикория. Несмотря на достоверное снижение гиперферментемии, выявленное в группах животных, получавших фракции травы цикория, активность АСТ, АЛТ и ЩФ не достигла уровня, который был в группе интактных животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Водная и бутанольная фракции экстракта травы цикория обладали наибольшей антитоксической активностью при токсическом поражении печени экспериментальных животных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the antitoxic activity of chicory herb extract fractions in rats with toxic hepatitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. There were 64 male rats were divided into groups of 6 animals that received the whole chicory herb extract, its fractions, or the reference drug (RD) and 2 groups did not receive any drug. The Silimar substance (a dry purified extract obtained from the fruits of milk thistle [Silybum marianum]) was chosen as RD. Animals from one of the groups that did not receive the drug (control group) and the groups that received drugs were injected with CCl4 to simulate toxic liver damage. The last group of animals received neither drugs nor CCl4 (intact animals). The changes in the activity of biotransformation enzymes (cytochrome P450 [cytР450] and glutathione transferase [GT]) in hepatocytes and serum liver enzymes (AST, ALT and AP) were assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There was a decrease in cytР450 and GT activity in the liver microsomes of control rats (having CCl4 hepatitis without treatment) compared with intact animals. These parameters were more in the animals that were administrated with chicory herb extract, its fractions, and RD than in control animals. The administration of the whole extract, aqueous fraction, and RD led to an increase in the activity of cytP450 and GT enzymes almost to the level of the same indicators in intact animals. Pronounced grown in the activity of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST and AP) were found after CCl4 injection. Administration of common chicory herb fractions before toxic liver damage caused a decrease in the grown of the activity of these enzymes. The greatest inhibitory effect on the grown of the activity of these liver enzymes had RD, aqueous and butanolic fractions of chicory herb. Despite a significant decrease in hyperfermentemia found in groups of animals treated with fractions of chicory herb, AST, ALT and AP activities did not reach the level that was in the intact animal group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The aqueous and butanolic fractions of the chicory herb extract had the highest antitoxic activity in experimental animal toxic liver injury.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Cichorium intybus</kwd><kwd>экстракт травы цикория</kwd><kwd>фракции веществ различной полярности</kwd><kwd>антитоксическая активность</kwd><kwd>модель токсического гепатита</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cichorium intybus</kwd><kwd>chicory herb extract</kwd><kwd>fractions</kwd><kwd>antitoxic activity</kwd><kwd>toxic hepatitis model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеев А.В. Гепатопротекторы. Анализ международных исследований по препаратам группы лекарств для печени. Симферополь: ИТ «АРИАЛ», 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveev A.V. Hepatoprotectors. Analysis of international studies on preparations of a group of drugs for the liver. Simferopol: Arial, 2013 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есауленко Е.Е. Метаболические эффекты льняного масла у крыс с интоксикацией тетрахлорметаном. Фундаментальные исследования. 2014;1:59-63</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esaulenko E.E. Metabolic effects of linseed oil in rats with carbon tetrachloride intoxication. Fundamental research. 2014;1:59–63 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суханов Д.Н., Петров А.Ю., Коваленко А.Л., Романцов М.Г. Индукция эндогенного S-аденозил-L-метионина в гепатоцитах при фармакотерапии токсических и лекарственных поражений печени в экспе рименте. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2011;74(10):34-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhanov D.N., Petrov A.Y., Kovalenko A.L., Romantsov M.G. Induction of Endogenous S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine in Hepatocytes during Pharmacological Correction of Experimental Acute Toxic and Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2011;74(10):34–8 (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джавахян М.А., Канунникова Ю.С. Анализ рынка современных средств гепатопротекторного действия. Вопросы биологической, медицинской и фармацевтической химии. 2012;11:63–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzhavakhyan M.A., Kanunnikova Yu.S. Analysis of the market of modern hepatoprotective agents. Problems of biological, medical and pharmaceutical chemistry. 2012;11:63–5 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cichorium intybus L. Plantarium. Plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide. 2007–2021. Available at: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/10463.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cichorium intybus L. Plantarium. Plants and lichens of Russia and neighboring countries: open online galleries and plant identification guide. 2007–2021. Available at: https://www.plantarium.ru/page/view/item/10463.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Snafi A. Medical importance of Cichorium intybus — A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2016;6:41–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Snafi A. Medical importance of Cichorium intybus — A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2016;6:41–56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сайбель О.Л., Радимич А.И., Даргаева Т.Д., Лупанова И.А., Ферубко Е.В., Курманова Е.Н. и др. Фенольные соединения и фармакологический скрининг экстракта травы цикория обыкновенного. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2021;10(4):36–45. DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4-36-45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saybel O.L., Radimich A.I., Dargaeva T.D., Lupanova I.A., Ferubko E.V., Kurmanova E.N., et al. Phenolic Compounds and Hepatoprotective Activity of Chicory Herb Extract. Drug development &amp; registration, 2021;10(4):36–45 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4-36-45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bortnikova V.V., Krepkova L.V., Babenko A.N., Saybel O.L., Borovkova M.V., Kuzina O.S., et al. A perspective botanical drug: Hepatoprotective activity of dry extract prepared from the aerial part of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus L.). Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2021;10(S1):100–1. DOI: 10.1002/срdd.1004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bortnikova V.V., Krepkova L.V., Babenko A.N., Saybel O.L., Borovkova M.V., Kuzina O.S., et al. A perspective botanical drug: Hepatoprotective activity of dry extract prepared from the aerial part of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus L.). Clinical pharmacology in drug development. 2021;10(S1):100–1. DOI: 10.1002/срdd.1004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов А.Н. (ред.) Руководство по проведению доклинических исследований лекарственных средств. М.: Гриф и К, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mironov A.N. (ed.) Guidelines for preclinical studies of drugs. Moscow: Grif i K, 2013 ( in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карузин а И.И., Бачманова Г.И., Менгазетдинов Д.Э., Мясоедова К.Н., Жихарева В.О., Кузнецова Г.И. и др. Выделение и свойства цитохрома Р450 из микросом печени кроликов. Биохимия. 1979;6:1049–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karuzina I.I., Bachmanova G.I., Mengazetdinov D.E., Myasoedova K.N., Zhikhareva V.O., Kuznetsova G.I., et al. Isolation and properties of cytochrome P450 from rabbit liver microsomes. Biochemistry. 1979;6:1049–57 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowry O.H., Rosenberg N.Y., Farr A.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowry O.H., Rosenberg N.Y., Farr A.J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 1951;193(1):265–75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omura T., Sato R. The carbon monoxide-binding pigment. J. Biol. Chem. 1964;7:2370–8. DOI: 10.1016/S00219258(20)82245-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O mura T., Sato R. The carbon monoxide-binding pigment. J. Biol. Chem. 1964;7:2370–8. DOI: 10.1016/S00219258(20)82245-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habig W.H., P abst M.J., Jakoby W.B. Glutathione STransferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 1974;249(22): 7130–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Habig W.H., P abst M.J., Jakoby W.B. Glutathione STransferases: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 1974;249(22): 7130–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pflugmacher S., Sandermann H. Сytochrome P450 monooxygenases for fatty acid and xenobiotics in marine macroalgae. Plant Physiol. 1998;117:123–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pflugmacher S., Sandermann H. Сytochrome P450 monooxygenases for fatty acid and xenobiotics in marine macroalgae. Plant Physiol. 1998;117:123–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Быков В.А., Колхир В.К., Минеева М.Ф., Ребров Л.Б., Стрелкова Л.Б. Способ выявления антитоксических свойств биологически активных веществ. Патент РФ № 2316597. A vailable at: https://patentdb.ru/patent/2316597</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bykov V.A., Kolkhir V.K., mineeva M.F., Rebrov L.B., Strelkova L.B. Method for detecting antitoxic properties of biologically active substances. Patent No. 2316597 Russian Federation (In Russ.). A vailable at: https://patentdb.ru/patent/2316597</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кулагин О.Л., Куркин В.А., Додонов Н.С., Царева А.А., Авдеева Е.В., Куркина Е.В. и др. Антиоксидантная активность некоторых фитопрепаратов, содержащих флавоноиды и фенилпропаноиды. Фармация. 2007;2:30– 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulagin O.L., Kurkin V.A., Dodonov N.S., Tsareva A.A., Avdeeva E.V., Kurkina E.V., et al. Antioxidant activity of some phytopreparations containing flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Pharmacy. 2007;2:30–2 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epure A., Pârvu A.E., Vlase L., Benedec D., Hanganu D., Gheldiu A.-M., et al. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Romanian Chicory Extract. Plants. 2021;10(1):64. DOI: 10.3390/plants10010064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epure A., Pârvu A.E., Vlase L., Benedec D., Hanganu D., Gheldiu A.-M., et al. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Activity of Romanian Chicory Extract. Plants. 2021;10(1):64. DOI: 10.3390/plants10010064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milala J., Grzelak K., Król B., Juśkiewicz J., Zdunczyk Z. Composition and properties of chicory extracts rich in fructans and polyphenols. Polish J Food Nutr Sci. 2009;59:35–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milala J., Grzelak K., Król B., Juśkiewicz J., Zdunczyk Z. Composition and properties of chicory extracts rich in fructans and polyphenols. Polish J Food Nutr Sci. 2009;59:35–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hussein O.E., Hozayen W.G., Bin-Jumah M.N., Germoush M.O., Abd El-Twab S.M., Mahmoud A.M. Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate hepatotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and up-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27(17):20725–35 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-02008557-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hussein O.E., Hozayen W.G., Bin-Jumah M.N., Ger-moush M.O., Abd El-Twab S.M., Mahmoud A.M. Chicoric acid prevents methotrexate hepatotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and up-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020;27(17):20725–35 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-02008557-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun N., Kang J.W., Lee S.M. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver: molecular evidence of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(10):1249–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yun N., Kang J.W., Lee S.M. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver: molecular evidence of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23(10):1249–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naveed M., Hejazi V., Abbas M., Kamboh A.A., Khan G.J., Shumzaid M., et al. Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;97:67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naveed M., Hejazi V., Abbas M., Kamboh A.A., Khan G.J., Shumzaid M., et al. Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;97:67–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
