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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-5-28-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аналитический подход к выбору тематики научных исследований при желчнокаменной болезни и холецистите (обзор обзоров)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analytical Approach to the Selection of Research Topics for Gallstone Disease  and Acute Cholecystitis (an Overview of Cochrane Reviews)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4086-2054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панин</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panin</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панин Станислав Игоревич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии</p><p>400131, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav I. Panin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery</p><p>400131, Volgograd, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Panin-74@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-5282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нечай</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nechay</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нечай Тарас Вячеславович — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры факультетской хирургии лечебного факультета</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Taras V. Nechay — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Professor of the Department of Faculty Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tnechay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-6093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сажин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazhin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сажин Александр Вячеславович — доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской хирургии лечебного факультета</p><p>117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Sazhin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova str., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sazhin-av@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2873-9953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузикова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пузикова Алла Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>400131, г. Волгоград, пл. Павших Борцов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Puzikova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of General Surgery</p><p>400131, Volgograd, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AllaSavitskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения  Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова»  Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панин С.И., Нечай Т.В., Сажин А.В., Пузикова А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панин С.И., Нечай Т.В., Сажин А.В., Пузикова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panin S.I., Nechay T.V., Sazhin A.V., Puzikova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/818">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/818</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: провести анализ систематических обзоров и метаанализов для определения направлений перспективных научных исследований диагностики и лечения желчнокаменной болезни и холецистита.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор систематических обзоров и метаанализов библиотеки Кокрейна в свете определения тематик, по которым проведение доказательных исследований имеет научно-практическую значимость. Систематизирована информация, полученная экспертными группами Кокрейна в ходе последовательного анализа (Trial Sequentional Analysis, TSA), вычисления требуемого размера информации с поправкой на разнообразие (Diversity-Adjusted Required Information Size, DARIS) и мониторинга хода Z-кривой на графиках границ пользы (benefit), вреда (harm) или тщетности (futility).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлены разнонаправленные тенденции и существенно отличающийся уровень достижения доказательных результатов, которые необходимо учитывать при определении перспективности дальнейших доказательных исследований. Необходимые размеры выборки в метаанализах по частоте травмы желчных протоков при сравнении ранней или отсроченной лапароскопической холецистэктомии, анализе количества осложнений после ранней и отсроченной лапароскопической холецистэктомии, мини-лапаротомной холецистэктомии и лапароскопической холецистэктомии, однопортовой и стандартной четырехпортовой лапароскопической холецистэктомии и изучении методик применения пониженного давления в брюшной полости являются труднодостижимыми — в актуальных версиях библиотеки Кокрейна DARIS составляет менее 1 % от должного. То же самое относится и к летальности, вероятности развития опасных для жизни осложнений и уровню конверсии различных мини-инвазивных вмешательств, поскольку требуемые размеры выборки (до сотен тысяч наблюдений) труднодостижимы и на данный момент варьируют от 0,03 до 21,9 %. Напротив, достигнутые показатели от расчетных значений DARIS при установлении различий по длительности между вариантами миниинвазивных операций (21,2–76 %), по некоторым вопросам обезболивания в ближайшем послеоперационном периоде (43,6–92,6 %) и дополнительной интраоперационной анестезии (13,7–14,9 %) и мониторинг соответствующих графиков последовательных TSA-анализов позволяют надеяться на их достижение в обозримом будущем. Малоперспективно продолжение доказательных исследований с целью определения необходимости использования интраперитонеальной инстилляции обезболивающих средств, отличий по длительности стационарного лечения после различных миниинвазивных операций, поскольку новые сведения вряд ли смогут изменить выводы метаанализов (требуемые размеры информации достигнуты на 100 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При выборе тематик исследований у больных с желчнокаменной болезнью и холециститом необходимо учитывать результаты последовательного TSA-анализа экспертных групп Кокрейна</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: description of modern methods of statistical evaluation of the world evidence base to determine the direction of promising scientific research in diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the Cochrane Library has been conducted, identifying topics for which further evidence-based research is needed. The information obtained by the Cochrane expert panels through Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA), Diversity-Adjusted Required Information Size (DARIS) calculations, and Z-curve monitoring on benefit, harm, or futility boundary plots is systematized.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. There were established multidirectional trends and significantly different levels of achievement of evidence-based results. These should be taken into account when determining the prospect of further evidence-based studies. In the context of bile duct injury between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, number of complications between early and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, small-incision cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, single-port and standard four-ports cholecystectomy and low-pressure laparoscopy the required size of meta-analysis information is unlikely to be achieved — in current versions of Cochrane library DARIS is less than 1 % of required. The same applies to mortality, the probability of developing serious complications and the conversion rate of various minimally invasive procedures, as the required sample sizes (hundreds of thousands of observations) are difficult to achieve — currently range is from 0.03 to 21.9 %. On the contrary, the achieved values from the estimated DARIS in establishing the differences in the duration between minimally invasive surgery options (21.2 to 76 %), in some issues of pain management in the immediate postoperative period (43.6 to 92.6 %) and additional intraoperative anesthesia (13.7 to 14.9 %) and Z-curve monitoring give hope for their achievement in the foreseeable future. There is little prospect of continuing evidence-based studies to determine the need for intraperitoneal anesthetic instillation, differences in the duration of hospitalization after various minimally invasive surgeries, since new information is unlikely to change the conclusions of meta-analyses (the required information size has been achieved by 100 %).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It is necessary to take into account the results of a TSA analysis of Cochrane expert groups, when choosing research topics in patients with gallstone disease and acute cholecystitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>желчнокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>острый холецистит</kwd><kwd>доказательная медицина</kwd><kwd>мета-анализ Кокрейна</kwd><kwd>расчет выборки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gallstone disease</kwd><kwd>acute cholecystitis</kwd><kwd>evidence-based medicine</kwd><kwd>Cochrane meta-analysis</kwd><kwd>sample size calculation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревишвили А.Ш., Оловянный В.Е., Сажин В.П., Кузнецов А.В., Шелина Н.В., Овечкин А.И. Хирургическая помощь в Российской Федерации. Информационно-аналитический сборник за 2021 год. 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