<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-4-30-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 I148M у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени, циррозом печени и гепатоцеллюлярным раком</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research of PNPLA3 I148M Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, with Liver Cirrhosis and with Hepatocellular Carcinoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-4007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петкау</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petkau</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петкау Владислав Владимирович — кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по лекарственной терапии; доцент кафедры онкологии и лучевой диагностики</p><p> 620039, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Соболева, 29 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav V. Petkau — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Physician for Drug Therapy; Associate Professor at the Department of Oncology and Radiation Diagnostics</p><p>620039, Ekaterinburg, Soboleva str., 29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vpetkau@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цаур Григорий Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики и бактериологии; заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии, иммунофенотипирования и патоморфологии</p><p>620149, Екатеринбург, ул. Серафимы Дерябиной, 32 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory A. Tsaur — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associated Professor of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Bacteriology; Director of Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunophenotyping and Pathology</p><p>6201fi9, Ekaterinburg, Serafimy Derybinoy str., 32</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsaur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Бессонова Елена Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры терапии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки; руководитель Свердловского областного гепатологического центра</p><p>620102, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Волгоградская, 185</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Bessonova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Therapy, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining; Head of the Sverdlovsk Regional Hepatological Center</p><p>620102, Ekaterinburg, Volgogradskaya str., 185</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ben@okb1.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-096X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каримова Алиса Алексеевна — кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент кафедры управления и экономики фармации</p><p>620028, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alisa A. Karimova — Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor at the Department of Management and Economics of Pharmacy</p><p>620028, Ekaterinburg, Repina str., 3</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Karimova.a@uralonco.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ СО «Свердловский областной онкологический диспансер»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения  Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sverdlovsk Regional Oncological Dispensary; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения  Российской Федерации; ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University; Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ГАУЗ СО «Свердловская областная клиническая больница №1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University; Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петкау В.В., Цаур Г.А., Бессонова Е.Н., Каримова А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петкау В.В., Цаур Г.А., Бессонова Е.Н., Каримова А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petkau V.V., Tsaur G.A., Bessonova E.N., Karimova A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/822">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/822</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Определение частоты полимфорфизма rs738409 C&gt;G в гене PNPLA3, приводящего к аминокислотной замене p.I148M, у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП) и выявление ассоциации данного полиморфизма с вероятными исходами НАЖБП: циррозом печени (ЦП) и гепатоцеллюлярной карциномой (ГЦР).</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено по дизайну «случай-контроль», сформировано три основных группы: группа с НАЖБП (n=46), группа с ЦП в исходе НАЖБП (n=61), группа с ГЦР на фоне НАЖБП (n=50), а также контрольная группа (n=70), для которых выполнялось генотипирование полиморфизма rs738409 в гене PNPLA3. Оценивалась связь между частотой различных вариантов генотипа rs738409 C&gt;G и диагнозом пациентов, рассчитано отношение шансов прогрессирования НАЖБП до ЦП и ГЦР, достоверность межгрупповых различий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Пациенты с НАЖБП с полиморфизмом PNPLA3 I148M имеют статистически значимо больший шанс развития ЦП и ГЦР. Отношение шансов (ОШ) при генотипе GG составило 7,94 (95% ДИ 2,19-28,84, р=0,030) для ЦП и 6,51 (95% ДИ 1,15-4,08, р=0,039) – для ГЦР на фоне ЦП. Наличие минорного аллеля G также увеличивает вероятность перехода НАЖБП в ЦП (ОШ 2,38; 95% ДИ 1,41-4,02; р=0,010) и ГЦР на фоне ЦП (ОШ 2,17; 95% ДИ 1,15-4,08; р=0,039). Отличия частоты полиморфизма PNPLA3 между группами НАЖБП и ГЦР были недостоверны. Дополнительными факторами риска ГЦР на фоне НАЖБП являются избыточная масса тела (ОШ 5,14; 95% ДИ 1,94-13,67; р&lt;0,001), артериальная гипертензия (ОШ 8,49; 95% ДИ 3,05-23,62; p&lt;0,001) и сахарный диабет (ОШ 8,57; 95% ДИ 1,03-71,48; p=0,032).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Частота однонуклеотидного полиморфизма PNPLA3 значимо различается у пациентов с НАЖБП, ЦП и ГЦР по сравнению с контрольной группой здоровых добровольцев. Полиморфизм PNPLA3 I148M повышает частоту прогрессирования НАЖБП до ЦП и ГЦР, но только на фоне ЦП. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to determine the frequency of PNPLA3 rs738409 C&gt;G gene polymorphism, leading to p.I148M substitution, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to reveal the association between polymorphism and probable NAFLD outcomes: liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted according to the “case-control” design, three main groups were formed: a group with NAFLD (n = 46), a group with LC (n = 61), a group with HCC (n = 50), as well as a control group (n = 70), for all groups we performed genotyping of the rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene. The relationship between the occurrence of different genotype variants and the diagnosis of patients was evaluated, the odds ratio (OR) of progression of NAFLD and the reliability of intergroup differences were determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. NAFLD patients with PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism have a significantly higher chance of developing LC and HCC. The odds ratio for the GG genotype was 7.94 (95 % Cl: 2.19–28.84; p = 0.030) for LC and 6.51 (95 % Cl: 1.15–4.08; p = 0.039) — for HCC with concomitant LC. The presence of the minor G allele also increases the likelhood of transition from NAFLD to LC (OR = 2.38; 95 % Cl: 1.41–4.02; p = 0.010) and HCC in the presence of cirrhosis (OR = 2.17; 95 % Cl: 1.15–4.08; p = 0.039). Differences in the frequency of PNPLA3 polymorphism between the NAFLD and HCC groups were not significant. Additional risk factors for HCC associated with NAFLD are overweight (OR = 5.14; 95 % Cl: 1.94–13.67; p &lt; 0.001), arterial hypertension (OR = 8.49; 95 % Cl: 3.05–23,62; p &lt; 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 8.57; 95 % Cl: 1.03–71.48; p = 0.032).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism PNPLA3 significantly differs in patients with NAFLD, cirrhosis and HCC compared with the control group of healthy volunteers. The PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism increases the incidence of NAFLD progression to cirrhosis and HCC, but only with concomitant cirrhosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>цирроз</kwd><kwd>гепатоцеллюлярный рак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>NAFLD</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>hepatocellular cancer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed A., Wong R.J., Harrison S.A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease review: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(12):2062-2070. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed A., Wong R.J., Harrison S.A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease review: diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(12):2062-2070. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.07.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younossi Z., Anstee Q.M., Marietti M., Hardy T., Henry L., Eslam M., et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(1):11-20. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younossi Z., Anstee Q.M., Marietti M., Hardy T., Henry L., Eslam M., et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;15(1):11-20. DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сидоренко Д.В., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Эмануэль В.Л. Роль молекулярно-генетических факторов в патогенезе и диагностике неалкогольной жировой болезни печени (обзор литературы и собственные данные). Медицинский алфавит. 2020;(5):13-19. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-5-13-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko D.V., Nazarov V.D., Lapin S.V., Emanuel V.L. Role of molecular genetic factors in pathogenesis and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (literature review and own data). Medical alphabet. 2020;(5):13-19. https://doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-5-13-19 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dongiovanni P., Romeo S., Valenti L. Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis. BioMed research international. 2015;1:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/460190</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dongiovanni P., Romeo S., Valenti L. Genetic factors in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis. BioMed research international. 2015;1:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/460190</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roe J.D., Garcia L.A., Klimentidis Y.C., Coletta D.K. Association of PNPLA3 I148M with Liver Disease Biomarkers in Latinos. Hum Hered. 2021;86(1-4):21-27. DOI: 10.1159/000520734</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roe J.D., Garcia L.A., Klimentidis Y.C., Coletta D.K. Association of PNPLA3 I148M with Liver Disease Biomarkers in Latinos. Hum Hered. 2021;86(1-4):21-27. DOI: 10.1159/000520734</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dai G., Liu P., Li X., Zhou X., He S. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimor). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dai G., Liu P., Li X., Zhou X., He S. Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) susceptibility and severity: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimor). 2019;98(7):e14324. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковязина В.П., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Марченко Н.В., Сидоренко Д.В. Роль полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 в развитии неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у пациентов, проживающих в Санкт-Петербурге: пилотное исследование. Гастроэнтерология Санкт-Петербурга. 2019;(2):22-23. https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_38541944_30842111.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovyazina V.P., Nazarov V.D., Lapin S.V., Marchenko N.V., Sidorenko D.V. Role of PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients living in St. Petersburg: a pilot study. Gastroenterology of St. Petersburg. 2019;(2):22-23. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Райхельсон К. Л., Ковязина В.П., Сидоренко Д.В., Назаров В.Д., Лапин С.В., Эмануэль В.Л., и соавт. Влияние полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 на течение неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. РМЖ. 2019;27(12):85-88.https://www.rmj.ru/articles/gastroenterologiya/Vliyanie_polimorfizma_gena_PNPLA3_na_techenie_nealkogolynoy_ghirovoy_bolezni_pecheni/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raikhelson K.L., Kovyazina V.P., Sidorenko D.V. et al. PNPLA gene polymorphism impact on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease course. RMJ. 2019;27(12):85-88. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кролевец Т.С., Ливзан М.А., Ахмедов В.А., Новиков Д.Г. Исследование полиморфизма гена PNPLA3 у пациентов с неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени и различной стадией фиброза. ЭиКГ. 2018;159(11):24-32. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/issledovanie-polimorfizma-gena-pnpla3-u-patsientov-s-nealkogolnoy-zhirovoy-boleznyu-pecheni-i-razlichnoy-stadiey-fibroza</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krolevets T.S., Livzan M.A., Akhmedov V.A., Novikov D.G. Study of PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and various stages of fibrosis. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2018;(11):24-32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитин И.Г., Тихомирова А.С., Жинжило Т.А., Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Кисляков В.А., и соавт. Связь цирроза печени в исходе неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени с полиморфизмом гена PNPLA3 rs738409. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020;10(2):148-154. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-2-148-154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitin I.G., Tikhomirova A.S., Zhinzhilo T.A., Vinnitskaya E.V., Sandler Y.G., Kislyakov V.A., et al. Liver Cirrhosis as the Outcome of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with PNPLA3 Gene RS738409 Polymorphism. The Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020;10(2):148-154. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-2-148-154 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182-236. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69(1):182-236. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krawczyk M., Grünhage F., Zimmer V., Lammert F. Variant adiponutrin (PNPLA3) represents a common fibrosis risk gene: non-invasive elastography-based study in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2011;55(2):299-306. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krawczyk M., Grünhage F., Zimmer V., Lammert F. Variant adiponutrin (PNPLA3) represents a common fibrosis risk gene: non-invasive elastography-based study in chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2011;55(2):299-306. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burlone M. E., Rossini A., Momo E., Colletta C., Leutner M., Minisini R., et al. A composite score including BMI liver stiffness and rs738409 PNPLA3 genotype might spare liver biopsies to most NAFLD patients maintaining 95% diagnostic accuracy. Hepatology. NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012:885-898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burlone M. E., Rossini A., Momo E., Colletta C., Leutner M., Minisini R., et al. A composite score including BMI liver stiffness and rs738409 PNPLA3 genotype might spare liver biopsies to most NAFLD patients maintaining 95% diagnostic accuracy. Hepatology. NJ, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012:885-898.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guichelaar M.M.J., Gawrieh S., Olivier M., Viker K., Krishnan A., Sanderson S., et al. Interactions of allelic variance of PNPLA3 with nongenetic factors in predicting NASH and nonhepatic complications of severe obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013; 21(9):1935-1941. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guichelaar M.M.J., Gawrieh S., Olivier M., Viker K., Krishnan A., Sanderson S., et al. Interactions of allelic variance of PNPLA3 with nongenetic factors in predicting NASH and nonhepatic complications of severe obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013; 21(9):1935-1941. DOI: 10.1002/oby.20327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rotman Y., Koh C., Zmuda J.M., Kleiner D.E., Liang T.J. The association of genetic variability in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):894-903. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23759</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rotman Y., Koh C., Zmuda J.M., Kleiner D.E., Liang T.J. The association of genetic variability in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;52(3):894-903. DOI: 10.1002/hep.23759</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hotta K., Yoneda M., Hyogo H., Ochi H., Mizusawa S., Ueno T., et al. Association of the rs738409 polymorphism in PNPLA3 with liver damage and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Med Genet. 2010;11(1):172. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-172</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hotta K., Yoneda M., Hyogo H., Ochi H., Mizusawa S., Ueno T., et al. Association of the rs738409 polymorphism in PNPLA3 with liver damage and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Med Genet. 2010;11(1):172. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-172</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Falleti E., Fabris C., Cmet S., Cussigh A., Bitetto D., Fontanini E., et al. PNPLA3 rs738409C/G polymorphism in cirrhosis: relationship with the aetiology of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence. Liver Int. 2011;31(8):1137-1143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02534.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falleti E., Fabris C., Cmet S., Cussigh A., Bitetto D., Fontanini E., et al. PNPLA3 rs738409C/G polymorphism in cirrhosis: relationship with the aetiology of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence. Liver Int. 2011;31(8):1137-1143. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02534.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guyot E., Sutton A., Rufat P., Laguillier C., Mansouri A., Moreau R., et al. PNPLA3 rs738409, hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and risk model prediction in patients with cirrhosis. J hepatol. 2013;58(2):312-318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.09.036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guyot E., Sutton A., Rufat P., Laguillier C., Mansouri A., Moreau R., et al. PNPLA3 rs738409, hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence and risk model prediction in patients with cirrhosis. J hepatol. 2013;58(2):312-318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.09.036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y-L., Patman G.L., Leathart J.B.S., Piguet A-C., Burt A.D., Dufour J-F., et al. Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C &gt;G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J hepatol. 2014;61(1):75-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y-L., Patman G.L., Leathart J.B.S., Piguet A-C., Burt A.D., Dufour J-F., et al. Carriage of the PNPLA3 rs738409 C &gt;G polymorphism confers an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J hepatol. 2014;61(1):75-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeuchi Y., Ikeda F., Moritou Y., Hagihara H., Yasunaka T., Kuwaki K., et al. The impact of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. J gastroenterol. 2013;48(3):405-412. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0647-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeuchi Y., Ikeda F., Moritou Y., Hagihara H., Yasunaka T., Kuwaki K., et al. The impact of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 polymorphism on hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. J gastroenterol. 2013;48(3):405-412. DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0647-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burza M.A. Pirazzi, C., Maglio C., Sjöholm K., Mancina, R.M., Svensson P-A., et al. PNPLA3 I148M (rs738409) genetic variant is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in obese individuals. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44(12):1037-1041. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burza M.A. Pirazzi, C., Maglio C., Sjöholm K., Mancina, R.M., Svensson P-A., et al. PNPLA3 I148M (rs738409) genetic variant is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in obese individuals. Dig Liver Dis. 2012;44(12):1037-1041. DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reig M., Gambato M., Man N.K., Robert J.P., Victor D., Orci L.A., et al. Should patients with NAFLD/NASH be surveyed for HCC? Transplantation. 2019;103(1):39-44. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reig M., Gambato M., Man N.K., Robert J.P., Victor D., Orci L.A., et al. Should patients with NAFLD/NASH be surveyed for HCC? Transplantation. 2019;103(1):39-44. DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
