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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gastro-j</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1382-4376</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«Gastro» LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gastro-j-994</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXCHANG OF EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенетическое и терапевтическое значение желчных кислот при рефлюкс-гастрите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenic and therapeutic role of bile acids at reflux-gastritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапина</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapina</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лапина Татьяна Львовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Погодинская д. 1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lapina Tatyana L — MD, lecturer, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics, medical faculty</p><p>119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatlapina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Картавенко</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartavenko</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкин</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkin</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State educational government-financed institution of higher professional education «Sechenov First Moscow state medical university» Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лапина Т.Л., Картавенко И.М., Ивашкин В.Т., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапина Т.Л., Картавенко И.М., Ивашкин В.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapina T.L., Kartavenko I.M., Ivashkin V.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/994">https://www.gastro-j.ru/jour/article/view/994</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора. Представить данные о патогенетическом значении желчных кислот для верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) и описать лечебные свойства урсодезоксихолевой кислоты (УДХК) при рефлюкс-гастрите.Основные положения. Рефлюкс-гастрит — это химический гастрит, морфологическими признаками которого служат фовеолярная гиперплазия, отек, пролиферация гладкомышечных волокон собственной пластинки слизистой оболочки, незначительно выраженное хроническое воспаление. Имеются доказательства связи кишечной метаплазии с дуоденогастральным рефлюксом (ДГР).Желчные кислоты при определенных условиях обладают повреждающим воздействием на слизистую оболочку желудка и всего ЖКТ. Они могут увеличивать внутриклеточную концентрацию кальция, который в качестве вторичного мессенджера отвечает за токсические эффекты желчных кислот. В желудке увеличение внутриклеточного кальция стимулирует секрецию пепсиногена и кислотную продукцию, что при ослаблении цитопротективных факторов под воздействием ДГР может вызывать повреждение слизистой оболочки. Современная точка зрения связывает желчные кислоты с целым рядом новообразований органов пищеварения, включая рак пищевода, желудка, тонкой кишки, печени, поджелудочной железы и колоректальный рак. Экспозиция желчных кислот приводит к появлению активных форм кислорода и азота, повреждению ДНК, мутагенезу, индукции апоптоза в краткосрочной перспективе и резистентности к апоптозу в длительной перспективе. Гастрит культи желудка служит предраковым заболеванием, при этом в канцерогенезе существенная роль отводится желчным кислотам. УДХК обладает холеретическим эффектом и способностью вытеснять токсические гидрофобные желчные кислоты. Она защищает от оксидативного стресса, стабилизирует клеточные мембраны и ингибирует апоптоз. При рефлюкс-гастрите УДХК приводит к купированию клинической симптоматики, улучшению состояния слизистой оболочки желудка и пищевода, а также проявляет ряд цитопротективных свойств.Заключение. Назначение УДХК патогенетически обосновано у ряда пациентов, страдающих рефлюкс-гастритом и гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезнью (ГЭРБ) с доказанным щелочным рефлюксом. Цитопротективный и антиапоптотический эффекты УДХК при рефлюкс-гастрите особенно значимы с точки зрения нивелирования канцерогенного потенциала желчных кислот.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The aim of review</title><p>The aim of review. To present data on pathogenic significance of bile acids for upper regions of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and to describe medical properties ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at reflux-gastritis.</p></sec><sec><title>Summary</title><p>Summary. Reflux-gastritis is chemical type gastritis, morphologically manifested by foveolar hyperplasia, edema, proliferation of smooth-muscle fibres of lamina propria, insignificant chronic inflammation. There is evidences of relation of intestinal metaplasia to duodenogastric reflux (DGR). Bile acids at certain conditions possess damage effect on mucosa of the stomach and all GIT. They can increase endocellular concentration of calcium which is responsible for toxic effects of bile acids as a secondary messenger. Increase of endocellular calcium stimulates secretion of pepsinogen and acid production in the stomach,  that in the case of decreased cytoprotective factors by DGR can cause changes mucosal injury. According to the modern point of view bile acids are associated with a lot of neoplasms of digestive organs, including esophageal, stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas and colorectal cancer. Exposition of bile acids results in formation of active forms of oxygen and nitrogen, damage of DNA, mutagenicity, induction of apoptosis in short-term prospect and resistance to apoptosis in long-term prospect. Gastric remnant gastritis is consideres to be a premalignant disease, thus bile acids play essential role in carcinogenesis. UDCA possesses choleretic effect and ability to displace toxic hydrophobic bile acids. It protects from oxydative stress, stabilizes cell membranes and inhibits apoptosis. At reflux-gastritis UDCA relieves clinical symptoms, improves of state of mucosa of the stomach and esophagus, and possess series of cytoprotective properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Prescription of UDCA is pathogenicly proved in patients with reflux-gastritis and gastroesopha geal reflux disease (GERD) with non-acidic refluxes. Cytoprotective and antiapoptotic effects of UDCA at reflux-gastritis are especially significant from the point of view of smoothing cancerogenic potential of bile acids.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рефлюкс-гастрит</kwd><kwd>ГЭРБ</kwd><kwd>урсодезоксихолевая кислота</kwd><kwd>желчные кислоты</kwd><kwd>дуоденогастральный рефлюкс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reflux-gastritis</kwd><kwd>GERD</kwd><kwd>ursodeoxycholic acid</kwd><kwd>bile acids</kwd><kwd>duodenogastric reflux</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sobola G. M., O`Connor H.J., Dewar E. P., et al. Bile reflux and intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa. 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