Autoimmune gastritis pathogenesis and risk factors of stomach malignant neoplasia
Abstract
The aim of review. To demonstrate possible pathways of development of stomach malignant neoplasias at autoimmune gastritis.
Key points. Stomach cancer traditionally occupies one of the first places within oncologic diseases in the world. Nowadays some factors, increasing its risk are revealed. They include mucosal atrophy and presence of foci of metaplasia. Thus, it is possible to consider autoimmune gastritis as disease which natural course can lead to premalignant lesions of the stomach mucosa. Development of carcinoid tumor deriving from enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL-cells) is typical for type A gastritis. Gradual development of stomach corpus atrophy and respective reduction
of parietal cells number causes final development of hypergastrinemia. Excessive amount of gastrin, in turn, stimulates ECL-cells and can result in their hyperplasia and dysplasia. Development of adenocarcinoma is preceded by structural mucosal changes: atrophy and metaplasia that result from inflammatory changes at autoimmune gastritis. At the presence of accompanying H. pylori
infection eradication therapy is strongly recommended today for reduction of neoplasia risk.
Conclusion. One of the primary goals within framework of cancer-prevention and early diagnostics of neoplastic diseases is duly diagnostics of autoimmune gastritis and selection of groups of patients with high risk of stomach cancer for constant out-patient monitoring.
About the Authors
Ye. A. Losik
Sechenov First Moscow state medical university, Ministry of heathcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Losik Yekaterina A — post-graduate student, Chair of internal diseases propedeutics, medical faculty
119991, Moscow, Pogodinskaya street, 1, bld 1.
V. T. Ivashkin
Sechenov First Moscow state medical university, Ministry of heathcare of the Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Losik Ye.A., Ivashkin V.T. Autoimmune gastritis pathogenesis and risk factors of stomach malignant neoplasia. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(4):81-85. (In Russ.)
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