Метаанализ связи вируса папилломы человека и плоскоклеточного рака пищевода

Цель: систематизировать данные имеющихся исследований, связанных с вопросом ассоциации папилломавирусной инфекции с плоскоклеточным раком пищевода.
Методы. Поиск литературы был проведен в базах данных PubMed и Google Scholar. В исследование были включены полнотекстовые статьи за 1995–2023 гг. Язык исследований не являлся преградой для включения в данный метаанализ. Всего проанализировано 130 литературных источников. Метаанализ проводился на основе данных из 17 исследований «случай-контроль», которые в сумме учитывают 1912 образцов опухолевой ткани плоскоклеточного рака пищевода и 2206 контрольных образцов нормальной ткани пищевода.
Основные положения. На сегодняшний день встречается все больше исследований, касающихся определения значения вируса папилломы человека в качестве фактора риска развития плоскоклеточного рака пищевода. Однако вопрос об ассоциации вируса папилломы человека с риском развития рака пищевода, несмотря на большое количество исследований по данной теме, по-прежнему является спорным.
Выводы. Результирующий относительный риск (RR) развития плоскоклеточного рака пищевода при папилломавирусной инфекции составил 1,22 (95%-ный доверительный интервал (95% ДИ): 1,11–1,35; р =0,000023). При этом стратификация данных в зависимости от этнического происхождения пациентов показала, что наибольший риск развития плоскоклеточного рака пищевода при папилломавирусной инфекции наблюдается у пациентов азиатской этнической группы (RR = 1,34; 95% ДИ: 1,26–1,42; р = 0,042). У арабcкой этнической группы риск развития плоскоклеточного рака пищевода при папилломавирусной инфекции составил 1,27 (95% ДИ: 1,09–1,48; р = 0,005), в то время как у европейцев он не достигает статистически значимых значений (р = 0,232).

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