Анализ развития колоректального рака: от геномных и метаболических перспектив до инновационных диагностических подходов и стратегий лечения на основе нанотехнологий

Цель: изучить различные аспекты колоректального рака, взаимосвязь с образом жизни человека, наследственной генетической структурой и связанным с ней метаболизмом. Понять различные диагностические модели и изучить комбинированные методы диагностики и лечения на основе нанотехнологий.
Основные положения. Колоректальный рак занимает третье место по частоте встречаемости среди злокачественных новообразований, являясь при этом основной причиной смертности от рака во всем мире. Изменение нормальной слизистой оболочки толстой кишки в злокачественную в результате совокупности многочисленных генетических и эпигенетических изменений способствует развитию колоректального канцерогенеза. Однако изменение образа жизни играет в этом значительную роль. Сочетание метаболических нарушений, метаболический синдром, вызывающий дисрегуляцию основных биомолекул, является одним из важных факторов, индуцирующих канцерогенные эффекты в нормальных колоноцитах, что приводит к колоректальному канцерогенезу. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени, также называемая печеночным проявлением метаболического синдрома, представляет собой основную угрозу заболеваемости колоректальным раком. Она вызывает злокачественное новообразование, стимулируя секрецию провоспалительных цитокинов. По мере роста числа механизмов, приводящих к колоректальному раку, внедряются новые диагностические инструменты для раннего скрининга рака и продолжаются исследования более совершенных методов. Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о снижении заболеваемости и смертности от этой болезни, что можно объяснить хорошо развитыми методами скрининга в лечении рака. Нанотехнологии, применяемые в области лечения колоректального рака, улучшили скрининг и доставку лекарственных препаратов для лечения рака благодаря своим превосходным свойствам биовизуализации и инкапсуляции лекарственных средств.
Заключение. В данной статье рассматриваются различные геномные вмешательства и воздействия, связанные с изменениями образа жизни, влияющие на прогрессирование колоректального канцерогенеза. Кроме того, рассматриваются новые и перспективные тераностические методы, доступные для лечения колоректального рака.

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