Клинические рекомендации Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации по диагностике и лечению эозинофильного эзофагита

Цель: Ознакомить практикующих врачей с диагностикой и лечением эозинофильного эзофагита.

Основные положения. Эозинофильный эзофагит (ЭоЭ) — это хроническое иммуноопосредованное заболевание пищевода, характеризующееся симптомами эзофагеальной дисфункции и выраженной эозинофильной инфильтрацией слизистой оболочки органа. Диагностика ЭоЭ основывается на данных клинической картины заболевания (дисфагия, эпизоды вклинения пищи в пищевод, боль в грудной клетке без связи с глотанием), а также на совокупности эндоскопических и гистологических признаков. Критерием установления диагноза служит эозинофильная инфильтрация слизистой оболочки пищевода с плотностью эозинофилов ≥ 15 в поле зрения микроскопа при большом увеличении (×400) по крайней мере в одном из биоптатов (около 60 эозинофилов в мм2). Исследование общего IgE, эозинофилия периферической крови, результаты кожных аллергопроб имеют вспомогательное значение для диагноза. Для лечения ЭоЭ используется несколько подходов, включающих применение ингибиторов протонной помпы (ИПП), топических глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС), а также элиминационные диеты. Выбор терапии должен быть индивидуализированным, с обязательной оценкой эффективности инициального курса через 6–12 недель при эзофагогастродуоденоскопии с забором биоптатов. Эндоскопическая дилатация должна рассматриваться у пациентов, страдающих выраженной дисфагией на фоне сужения пищевода.

Заключение. Рост заболеваемости ЭоЭ в сочетании с преимущественным поражением детей и лиц молодого возраста, хроническое течение заболевания с необходимостью длительной поддерживающей терапии делают ЭоЭ значимой проблемой гастроэнтерологической практики.

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