Коррекция тромбоцитопении у пациентов с циррозом печени перед плановыми хирургическими вмешательствами / инвазивными процедурами (соглашение специалистов)

Введение. В результате портальной гипертензии (секвестрация тромбоцитов в увеличенной селезенке) и печеночной недостаточности (снижение синтеза тромбопоэтина в печени) при циррозе печени развивается тромбоцитопения, которая ассоциирована с риском перипроцедурных/периоперационных геморрагических осложнений. На сегодняшний день остаются вопросы по стратификации риска геморрагических осложнений, роли прогностического значения тромбоцитопении, а также необходимости и методам медикаментозной коррекции тромбоцитопении.

Материалы и методы. Российское общество по изучению печени объединило экспертов в области терапевтической и хирургической гепатологии, гематологии, трансфузиологии для вынесения аргументированных рекомендаций и положений по проблеме «Коррекция тромбоцитопении у пациентов с циррозом печени перед плановыми хирургическими вмешательствами / инвазивными процедурами».

Результаты. Формулировка актуальных клинических вопросов осуществлялась по принципу PICO (patient or population; intervention; comparison; outcome). Эксперты работали по упрощенному дельфийскому методу, сформулировали пять вопросов и дали на них аргументированные ответы, оформленные как «рекомендации и положения для клинической практики» с комментариями на основе принципов доказательной медицины. В основу формулировки вопросов, рекомендаций и положений лег критический анализ медицинской литературы, найденной по ключевым словам в англоязычных и русскоязычных базах данных. Объединить сформулированные вопросы можно в четыре категории: стратификация риска геморрагических осложнений, прогностическое значение тромбоцитопении, необходимость и методы медикаментозной коррекции тромбоцитопении, снижение риска геморрагических осложнений.

Выводы. Результаты работы экспертов имеют прямое отношение к качественному ведению пациентов с циррозом печени и тромбоцитопенией перед плановыми инвазивными процедурами / хирургическими вмешательствами; сформулированные экспертами рекомендации и положения могут использоваться в клинической практике.

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