Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals
https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-2-68-75
Abstract
Aim. To provide a definition and classification of nutraceutical products and to show their significane in modern integrative medicine.
Background. Nutraceuticals are foodstuffs and their components, which have a positive effect on human health, including preventive maintenance and treatment of diseases. Nutraceuticals include healthy and functional foods, as well as biologically active food additives (BAFA). Healthy foods are nutritional foodstuffs without any artificial modification. These include organic, whole, and natural foods. Alongside a high nutritional value, functional food products have a positive effect on the human body due to functional food ingredients. BAFAs are food additives that contains one or several food ingredients (vitamins, mineral substances, plant components, amino acids and others). Specialists express conflicting viewpoints concerning nutraceuticals. Some nutraceuticals, such as probiotics, have confirmed their effectiveness in clinical trials, while the beneficial properties of others require further elucidation.
Conclusions. The application of nutraceuticals, as well as their combined use with pharmaceuticals, in accordance with recommendations by scientific professional associations formulated on the basis of valid research studies can lead to an improvement in the quality of the life and longevity of the population. This position forms a basis for the development of integrative medicine — a contemporary approach to the treatment of diseases.
About the Authors
E. A. Poluektova
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena A. Poluektova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine
119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1.
A. G. Beniashvili
Research Centre for Mental Health
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Allan G. Beniashvili — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Psychopharmacology
115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe shosse, 34.
R. V. Maslennikov
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Consulting and Diagnostic Centre No. 2 of the Moscow Department of Healthcare
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Roman V. Maslennikov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assist., Department of Internal Diseases Propedeutics, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine; General practitioner
119435, Moscow, Pogodinskaya str., 1, bld. 1.
References
1. Sorokina T.S. The history of medicine. Textbook for medical institutions. Moscow: Academy, 9th ed., 1999, 558 p. (in Rus.)
2. Bessonov B.N. History and Philosophy of Science: Textbook for Master Students. Lyubertsy: Yurayt, 2016, 394 p. (in Rus.)
3. Greenhalgh T. The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine: a tutorial for students of Higher medical educational institutions and postgraduate vocational education. Moscow: GEOTAR-MED, 2008, 240 p. (in Rus.)
4. Agadzhanyan N.A., Chizhov A.Ya., Kim T.A. Diseases of civilisation. Human ecology. 2003.4: 8–11 (in Rus.)
5. Coleman J.J., Pontefract S.K. Adverse drug reactions. Clin Med (Lond). 2016;16(5):481–485 https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-481
6. Brower V. Nutraceuticals: poised for a healthy slice of the healthcare market? Nat Biotechnol. 1998;16:728–731 https://doi.org/10.7861/10.1038/nbt0898-728
7. Formulary committee of RAMS. Report on the state of drug provision of the population in the Russian Federation (2008). Moscow: NEWYAMED, 2009, 80 p. (In Rus.)
8. Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 Available at: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/OrganicFoodsProductionActof1990(OFPA).pdf
9. GOST R 56104-2014. National standard of the Russian Federation. Organic food products. Terms and definitions (In Rus.)]. URL: https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/58756
10. Federal Law No. 280-FZ of 03.08.2018 “On Organic Products and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”. Published on 08/03/2018 on the official Internet portal of legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru (in Rus.)
11. Dangour A.D., Lock K., Hayter A., Aikenhead A., Allen E., Uauy R. Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(1):203–10 https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29269
12. Dangour A.D., Dodhia S.K., Hayter A., Allen E., Lock K., Uauy R. Nutritional quality of organic foods: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(3):680–5 https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28041
13. Średnicka-tober D., Barański M., Seal C., et al. Composition differences between organic and conventional meat: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(6):994–1011 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515005073
14. Smith-Spangler C., Brandeau M.L., Hunter G.E., et al. Are Organic Foods Safer or Healthier Than Conventional Alternatives?: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:348–366. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007
15. Turner N. Fertility Pastures 2nd Edition. Acres U.S.A., 2009, 195 p.
16. Conford P., Porritt J. The Development of the Organic Network, Linking People and Themes, 1945–95. Floris Books, 2011, 477 р.
17. Campbell T.C., Jacobson H. Whole, Rethinking the Science of Nutrition. Benbella Books, 2014, 352 p.
18. Use of the Term Natural on Food Labeling. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/use-term-natural-food-labeling
19. Food for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU). Available at: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/02.html
20. Basics about Functional Food US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. July 2010. Available at: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/00000000/NPS/FinalFunctionalFoodsPDFReadVersion6-25-10.pdf
21. Guyonnet D., Chassany O., Ducrotte P., et al. Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 on the health-related quality of life and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26(3):475–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03362.x
22. Agrawal A., Houghton L.A., Morris J., et al. Clinical trial: the effects of a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 on abdominal distension and gastrointestinal transit in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(1):104–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03853.x
23. Guyonnet D., Woodcock A., Stefani B., Trevisan C., Hall C. Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improved self-reported digestive comfort amongst a general population of adults. A randomized, openlabel, controlled, pilot study. J Dig Dis. 2009;10(1):61– 70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00366.x
24. Yang Y.X., He M., Hu G., et al. Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173010 on Chinese constipated women. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(40):6237– 43. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.6237
25. GOST R 52349-2005. Food Products. Functional food products. Terms and definitions (in Rus.). URL: https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/2161/
26. Bruce B., Spiller G.A., Klevay L.M., Gallagher S.K. A diet high in whole and unrefined foods favorably alters lipids, antioxidant defenses, and colon function. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(1):61–7 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718915
27. Veselovsky K.B. Vitamins, mineral macro- and micronutrients: a reference guide. Moscow: AIRO-XXI, 2013, 574 p. (in Rus.)
28. Mckeown N.M., Meigs J.B., Liu S., Wilson P.W., Jacques P.F. Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(2):390–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.2.390
29. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1364-r of June 29, 2016 “On the approval of the Strategy for improving the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030”. (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
30. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 559-r of 04.17.2012 (as amended on 01/13/2017) “On the approval of the Development Strategy of the food and processing industry of the Russian Federation for the period until 2020”. (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
31. VP-P8-2322. A comprehensive program for the development of biotechnology in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020 (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on 24.04.2012 No. 1853p-P8) (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
32. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 164-r of 05.02.2016 “On approval of the Strategy of actions in the interests of senior citizens in the Russian Federation until 2025”. (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
33. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1215-r of 03.07.2014 “On approval of the Concept for the Development of Domestic Food Aid in the Russian Federation”. (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
34. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act. Public Law 103-417. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx
35. Federal Law No. 29-FZ of January 2, 2000 “On the Quality and Safety of Food Products” (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
36. Honvo G., Bruyère O., Geerinck A., Veronese N., Reginster J.Y. Efficacy of Chondroitin Sulfate in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Exploring Inconsistencies in Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials. Adv Ther. 2019;36(5):1085–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-00921-w
37. Heshmati J., Morvaridzadeh M., Maroufizadeh S., et al. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and oxidative stress parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res. 2019;104462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104462
38. Jang H., Park K. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2019;61:84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.032
39. Christodoulides S., Dimidi E., Fragkos K.C., Farmer A.D., Whelan K., Scott S.M. Systematic review with meta-analysis: effect of fibre supplementation on chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016;44(2):103–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13662
40. Probiotics: What You Need To Know. Available at: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics/introduction.htm
41. Liu L., Li P., Liu Y., Zhang Y. Efficacy of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(12):3402– 412 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-019-05699-z
42. Mo R., Zhang X., Yang Y. Effect of probiotics on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med Clin (Barc). 2019;152(12):473–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.med-cli.2018.09.007
43. Ford A.C., Harris L.A., Lacy B.E., Quigley EMM, Moayyedi P. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(10):1044–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15001
44. Mcfarland L.V., Goh S. Are probiotics and prebiotics effective in the prevention of travellers’ diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019;27:11–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.09.007
45. Cao Q., Yu C.B., Yang S.G., et al. Effect of probiotic treatment on cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis. HBPD INT. 2018;17(1):9– 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.00
46. Food Labeling & Nutrition Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition
47. GOST R 55577-2013. National standard of the Russian Federation. Specialised and functional food products. Information on the hallmarks and effectiveness. (in Rus.). URL: https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/55874/
48. GOST R 54059-2010. National standard of the Russian Federation. Functional food products. Functional food ingredients. Classification and general requirements. (in Rus.). URL: https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/50895/
49. Food Supplements Directive: Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32002L0046
50. Federal Law No. 38-FZ of 13.03.2006 “On Advertising”. (in Rus.) URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru]
51. Decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 58 of 08.10.2012 “On Certain Issues of the Application Practice of the Federal Law “On Advertising” by Arbitration Courts”. (in Rus.). URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru
52. Complementary, Alternative, or Integrative Health: What’s In a Name? Available at: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/integrative-health
Review
For citations:
Poluektova E.A., Beniashvili A.G., Maslennikov R.V. Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2020;30(2):68-75. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2020-30-2-68-75
Views:
13329
Email this article 
