Методы оценки кишечной проницаемости: обзор литературы

Цель обзора: проанализировать данные по методам оценки кишечной проницаемости.

Основные положения. Кишечный барьер представляет собой функциональное образование, разделяющее просвет кишечника и внутреннюю среду организма, кишечная проницаемость позволяет оценивать функционирование кишечного барьера. Методы, используемые для оценки проницаемости и целостности кишечного барьера, различаются в зависимости от условий их применения (in vivo или ex vivo), объекта исследования (человек или животные), маркерных молекул, используемых для оценки проницаемости (ионы, углеводы различных размеров, макромолекулы и антигены, бактериальные продукты и бактерии), а также биоматериалов, используемых для измерения концентрации маркерных молекул (периферическая кровь, кровь из воротной вены, моча, кал). Несмотря на большое разнообразие методов оценки кишечной проницаемости, их применение в клинической практике требует дальнейшего изучения ввиду отсутствия их стандартизации, сложности проведения некоторых методик и порой недостаточно высокой достоверности результатов.

Заключение. Необходимо дальнейшее изучение и усовершенствование методов оценки кишечной проницаемости. Стандартизация методик и их результатов обеспечит возможность внедрения в практику при функциональных и органических заболеваниях кишечника, а также при аллергических заболеваниях, сахарном диабете, неалкогольной жировой болезни печени и ряде других заболеваний.

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