Желчные кислоты и их значение для деятельности центральной нервной системы

Цель обзора: охарактеризовать значение желчных кислот как стероидных регуляторов деятельности нервной системы; показать участие нервной системы в обмене холестерина и продукции желчных кислот.

Основные положения. В различных органах и тканях установлено существование мембранных и ядерных рецепторов желчных кислот, активация которых имеет значение в регуляции различных метаболических процессов. В ЦНС обнаружены переносчики желчных кислот. В головном мозге животных в физиологических условиях обнаружено порядка 20 видов желчных кислот, высокая концентрация которых свидетельствует об их местном образовании; спектр желчных кислот в ЦНС существенно отличается от такового в плазме крови. На основании данных клинических и экспериментальных работ можно заключить, что в ЦНС желчные кислоты влияют на состояние митохондриальной мембраны, выполняют антиоксидантную функцию, а также, вероятно, выступают в роли стероидных медиаторов, косвенно регулируя процессы памяти, внимания, двигательные функции, аппетит.

Заключение. Желчные кислоты выступают в роли плейотропных сигнальных молекул, влияющих на различные ткани. Существование различных рецепторов и ферментов синтеза желчных кислот в ЦНС указывает на их большое значение для функционирования головного мозга и подчеркивает перспективность изучения их обмена.

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