Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронического панкреатита

Цель: представить современные методы диагностики и лечения хронического панкреатита для врачей-гастроэнтерологов, врачей общей практики и врачей-терапевтов.

Основное содержание. Хронический панкреатит (ХП) – длительное воспалительное заболевание поджелудочной железы, проявляющееся необратимыми морфологическими изменениями паренхимы и протоков органа, которые вызывают боль и/или стойкое снижение функции. Современные представления об этиологии ХП отражает классификация TIGAR-O. К критериям установления диагноза ХП относят характерные жалобы на приступы абдоминальной боли и/или клинические и лабораторные признаки экзокринной, эндокринной недостаточности при обязательном выявлении достоверных морфологических изменений (кальцификатов в паренхиме и камней в протоках поджелудочной железы, расширения главного панкреатического протока и его ветвей). КТ, МРХПГ и эндосонография панкреатобилиарной зоны рекомендуются как методы выбора для верификации диагноза ХП. Консервативное лечение пациентов с ХП направлено на купирование симптомов и предотвращение развития осложнений. Отдельные случаи с некупируемой болью в животе, а также осложненное течение заболевания (развитие протоковой гипертензии за счет вирзунголитиаза или стриктур протока ПЖ, механической желтухи, обусловленной компрессией холедоха, симптоматических постнекротических кист, портальной гипертензии за счет сдавления конфлюенса воротной вены или тромбоза селезеночной вены, стойкого нарушения пассажа пищи по двенадцатиперстной кишке, ложной аневризмы бассейна чревного ствола и верхней брыжеечной артерии) служат показанием к эндоскопическому или хирургическому лечению. В Рекомендациях представлены современные подходы к диагностике, консервативному, эндоскопическому и хирургическому лечению ХП, профилактике его осложнений.

Заключение. Выполнение клинических рекомендаций может способствовать своевременному установлению диагноза и улучшению качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с хроническим панкреатитом.

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