Особенности строения и функций сывороточного альбумина в норме и у пациентов с циррозом печени

Цель обзора: осветить основные моменты синтеза, посттрансляционной модификации и функции альбумина в норме и при циррозе печени.
Основные положения. В плазме крови альбумин находится в наибольшей концентрации. Наряду с онкотическими свойствами альбумин выполняет транспортную, антиоксидантную, иммуномодулирующую, эндотелиопротективную функции. При циррозе печени сывороточный альбумин подвергается посттрансляционной модификации, ведущей к нарушению его функции. Сывороточный альбумин человека состоит из меркаптальбумина человека с остатками цистеина, обладающими восстанавливающей способностью, и окисленного немеркаптальбумина человека. При циррозе печени доля необратимо окисленного немеркаптальбумина-2 с нарушенной функциональной активностью возрастает.
Заключение. Конформационная структура молекулы альбумина играет важную роль в поддержании его неонкотических функций. Изучение его структурных и функциональных свойств у пациентов с печеночной недостаточностью может служить дополнительным критерием для оценки выраженности цирроза и предиктором осложнений.

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