The aim of review. To analyze proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week (October, 10–12, 2011, Moscow), published in «The biliary tract» section (Ros. zhurn. gastroenterol. gepatol. koloproktol. – 2011. – Vol. 21, N 5. – Suppl. 38).

Original positions. Analysis of 29 abstracts, accepted for publication as proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week, was carried out. Of them 14 publications (48,3%) were devoted to issues of conservative and surgical treatment of biliary diseases, rehabilitation after surgical operation, achievement of patients treatment compliance. Overall 44,8% of abstracts accepted to publication contained results of statistical analysis. Other publications, though of major interest, unfortunately, were bare descriptive works or specialists’ opinions.

Conclusion. It is necessary to improve quality of the theses presented by authors, first of all by compliance with requirements for publication and presentation of statistical analysis results

The aim of review. To analyze proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week (October, 10–12, 2011, Moscow), published in the section «Pancreas» (Ros. zhurn. gastroenterol. gepatol. koloproktol. – 2011. – Vol. 21, N 5. – Suppl. 38).

Original positions. Analysis of 53 abstracts, accepted for publication as proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week was carried out. The most of publications (64,2%) was devoted to issues of management of patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis (case presentation, surgical, endoscopic and conservative treatment). Overall in 37,7% of abstracts accepted for publication results of statistical analysis were presented. Other publications, some of which invoked major interest, unfortunately, still remain to be only descriptive works and experts opinions.

Conclusion. It is necessary to improve quality of the theses presented by authors, first of all by compliance with requirements for publication and presentation of statistical analysis results.

Aim of investigation. Analysis of phenotypical and genotypical signs in neonates with atresia of duodenum and other parts of the small intestine.

Material and methods. The comparative characteristic of phenotypical and genotypical signs in 68 neonates with atresia of duodenum (the first group) and 67 children with atresia of other parts of the small intestine (the second group) was carried out. Main anthropometric parameters were investigated at birth (body weight, body height, circumference of head and chest), concomitant malformations, genic frequencies and phenotypical combinations of ABО and rhesus blood groups systems.

Results. For these patients intra-uterine development disorders are typical, manifesting by decrease of all anthropometric scores, presence of various hypoplastic malformations of other organs and systems. The spectrum and location of congenital malformations in studied groups was different.

Conclusions. The atresia of duodenum and other parts of the small intestine has polygenic mode of inheritance. Disorders of intra-uterine development are typical for investigated patients. The spectrum and localization of congenital malformations in children with atresia of duodenum and atresia of other regions of the small intestine is different.

Aim of investigation. To specify the association of symptoms, related to gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and extraintestinal manifestations in patients with functional gastro-intestinal diseases (FGID) – functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) – in comparison to group of patients with organic gastro-intestinal diseases (OGID), strictly following diagnostic guidelines of Rome criteria-III. To study treatment efficacy of FD and IBS patients by selective serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor duloxetine.

Material and methods. At physical examination analysis of complaints, past history, examination data was applied. Bristol stool scale (Rome-III 2006), laboratory and instrumental methods: upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, morphological study, Helicobacter pylori breath test, routine blood biochemical tests were used. Analysis of the «associated» or extraintestinal symptoms was carried out by Screening for Somatoform Symptoms questionnaire – SOMS-2 (Rief, 1996). Psychometric testing was performed: for depression level (Beck Depression Inventory), degree of alexithymia (TAS), anxiety level (Spielberger's State/Trait Anxiety Inventory). Analysis of childhood and actual psychogenias and psychophysiological reactions in the childhood. The scale of autonomous nervous disorders was applied for assessment of autonomous status (Vein et al., 1998), for evaluation of pain phenomena of various location – visual-analog scale.

Results. At comparative analysis of gastroenterological symptoms in FGID and OGID patients in general it was revealed, that for majority of them no essential difference between organic and functional groups exits. Significant differences in predominance of esophageal complaints were revealed in FGID patients. Scores of associated symptoms and autonomous changes were significantly higher in FGID patients, as well as predominance of childhood psychogenias. Results of psychometric tests demonstrated, that in FGID patients the levels of depression and trait anxiety was significantly higher. According to aims of investigation all FGID patient received duloxetine treatment. After cessation of therapy all patients were monitored for one year with no relation to duration of treatment. After 8 wks of treatment clinical improvement was accomplished in the majority of patients, however preserved symptoms and signs have required continuation of therapy up to achievement of clinical remission. Duration of treatment was 4 to 9 months.

Conclusions. At functional gastro-intestinal diseases psychopathologic and behavioural symptoms prevail in clinical pattern. No significant differences in gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with functional and organic gastro-intestinal diseases was found. Treatment of patients with the functional diseases by double-acting antidepressant duloxetine not only reduces psychological and autonomous nervous system disorders substantially, but also relieves main gastro-intestinal symptoms. Further studies for estimation of optimal dose and duration of treatment are requires.

Aim of investigation. To study parameters of body composition in operated patients with colorectal cancer. To assess interrelation between received data and treatment results (mortality and postoperative morbidity rate). Material and methods. Original study included data of 113 patients, that were operated in surgical clinic of Federal State-Funded Institution «Medical-andrehabilitational center» of Ministry of Health and Social Development the Russian Federation from February, 2009 to November, 2011. Overall there were 66 women and 47 men, aged 30 to 87 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 25±4 kg/m2. Obesity was diagnosed in 12 patients before operation, in 5 body weight deficit was found. Body composition data, including amount of skeletal musculature, subcutaneous fat tissue and visceral fat, estimated at single axial native CT-image at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) by specialized software. Sarcopenia was detected as a state at which the volume of sceletal musculature is at the range below 2 standard deviations from the mean level for healthy adults. Differences were considered as statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. Postoperative complications were revealed at 42% of patients, 2,5% of patients died. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 43% of cases, including for all died patients. Statistically significant correlation between development of morbidity or death and preoperative presence of sarcopenia was found. It was found, that at identical BMI the quantity of sceletal musculature and visceral fat is significantly higher in males, subcutaneous fat tissue, on the contrary, is more developed in females. Conclusions. Sarcopenia is present in 43% of patients with colorectal cancer, its presence correlates with failure of treatment. The further studying of body composition at oncologic patients allows to reveal the group of patients with high probability of postoperative complications.

The aim of review. To present modern concepts on mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury (DILI), to give their classification, to present approaches to disease diagnostics.

Original positions. DILI can progress under the mask of all known acute and chronic liver diseases. Pharmaceuticals act as one of the leading causes of development of fulminant liver failure in many countries of the world. Early diagnostics and well-timed cancellation of the drug causing liver damage, allow to prevent disease progression. Careful collection of medicinal past history, ruling out of other possible causes of liver injury and application of diagnostic scales (CIOMS/ RUCAM) lays in a basis of DILI diagnostics.

Conclusion. Drug-induced lesions occupies significant place in major spectrum of liver diseases, welltimed diagnostics of these lesions enables to exclude intake of the respective agents.

The aim of review. To analyze proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week (October, 10–12, 2011, Moscow), published in the «Liver» partition (Ros. zhurn. gastroenterol. gepatol. koloproktol. – 2011. – Vol. 21, N 5. – Suppl. 38).

Original positions. Analysis of 149 abstracts accepted for publication as proceedings of the Seventeenth Russian Gastroenterological Week was carried out. The most of publications (70,5%) has been devoted to etiopathogenesis, features of clinical pattern, diagnostics and treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis (2542 patients), liver cirrhoses (1338 patients), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (1145 patients), toxic liver diseases (834 patients) that indicates medical and social impact of these diseases. Statistical analysis, allowing to make any conclusions on studies represented by the abstract, was contained in 44 abstracts of 149, submitted in the «Liver» section (29,5%). Other publications, some from which are invoked major interest, unfortunately, still remain to be only descriptive researches and experts opinions, that requires improvement quality of the theses presented by authors, first of all by compliance with requirements for publication and presentation of statistical analysis results.

Aim of investigation. To determine the role of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in complex diagnostics of progressing course of chronic hepatitises B and C. Material and methods. Overall 69 patients with chronic viral hepatitis were investigated: 39 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 30 — with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) without signs of cirrhotic transformation and liver cancer. The diagnosis was verified by clinical, laboratory and morphological – with assessment of histological activity index (HAI) and histological sclerosis index (HSI), instrumental (transabdominal ultrasound, Doppler ultrasonography of portal blood flow), virologic studies. AFP level was determined by chemiluminescent solid-phase analysis by «Immulite AFP» test-systems (USA). Results. The mean level of AFP CHB patients 2,6 times, and in CHC patients – 5,4 times exceeded score in the control group. The level of AFP closely correlated with necroinflammatory parameters, sclerosis and portal blood flow, especially in hepatitis of high activity (HA). At HA CHB relation of AFP to histological activity (0,93; p<0,01), sclerosis index (0,69; p <0,01), hepatic vascular index (–0,93; p<0,01) was maximal. At HA CHC close correlations were revealed between AFP and ALT (0,56; p<0,05), histological activity (0,73; p<0,01), HSI (0,65; p<0,05) and portal hypertension index (0,45; p<0,01)Conclusions. AFP can be used for diagnostics necroinflammation progression, sclerosis and impairment of perfusion of the liver in patients with chronic viral hepatites B and C.

Aim of investigation. To outline predictive model for unfavorable course of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Material and methods. Overall 232 patients with UC were included in original study, 84 of them had favourable and 148 – unfavorable course of disease.

Results. Prognostic system for various variants of course of UC and its complications, 27 most significant clinical signs of disease based on differentiated clinical and statistical evaluation was submitted. To define indications for «top down» therapy with application of TNF-α blockers clinically approved algorithm of prognostic decisions for development of favorable (uncomplicated, rarely relapsing) and unfavorable (frequently relapsing, continuous, steroiddependent) variants of disease, and its complications was stated. Basing on high scores of sensitivity (accuracy) and specificity of prognosis, that were received, data proving potential of indications for early anticytokine treat­ment by infliximab to avoid unfavorable course and complications of ulcerative colitis are presented.

The aim of review. To characterize treatment-andprophylactic effect of probiotics, concept of «functional nutrition» and its value in the pattern of human nutrition.

Main contents. Medical and prophylactic effects of probiotics include increase of resistance to infectious diseases of intestine and respiratory tract, prevention and decrease of diarrhea duration, improvement of lactose tolerance, treatment of constipation, decrease of atopic reactions tendency, etc. Used strains can have direct effect on permeability of intestinal barrier and immunodefence components: increase of immunoglobulin A production, modify activity of phagocytes and natural killers, cytokine production and signaling endocellular molecules. Some medical strains reduce risk of atopic reactions. Strains, proven as effective agents for prophylaxis of widespread diseases, are added to functional nutrients. Fermented-milk product enriched by L. casei DN-114001 Imunitass, in controlled clinical studies demonstrated protective effect for the most of common infectious diseases. The probiotic fermented-milk product enriched by B. animalis DN-173 010 (ActiRegularis), has convincing evidential base for positive effect on frequency of bowel movements.

Conclusion. Application of probiotics has major prospects as «physiologic» and safe method of stimulation of protective body resources. One of the ways to provide wider «operation» of preventive effect – is addition to fermented-milk products for daily intake.